Editing Diffie–Hellman key exchange (section)

=== Security against quantum computers ===
[[Quantum computing|Quantum computers]] can break public-key cryptographic schemes, such as RSA, finite-field DH and elliptic-curve DH key-exchange protocols, using [[Shor's algorithm]] for solving the [[Integer factorization|factoring problem]], the [[Discrete logarithm|discrete logarithm problem]], and the period-finding problem. A [[Post-Quantum Extended Diffie–Hellman|post-quantum variant of Diffie-Hellman algorithm]] was proposed in 2023, and relies on a combination of the quantum-resistant CRYSTALS-Kyber protocol, as well as the old elliptic curve [[X25519]] protocol. A quantum Diffie-Hellman key-exchange protocol that relies on a [[Quantum cryptography|quantum one-way function]], and its security relies  on  fundamental principles of quantum mechanics has also been proposed in the literature.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nikolopoulos |first=Georgios M. |date=2025-01-16 |title=Quantum Diffie–Hellman key exchange |url=https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apq/article/2/1/016107/3331640/Quantum-Diffie-Hellman-key-exchange |journal=APL Quantum |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=016107 |doi=10.1063/5.0242473 |issn=2835-0103|arxiv=2501.09568 }}</ref>