Editing Devil (section)

== Judaism ==
{{Further|Satan#Judaism}}
[[Yahweh]], the god in pre-exilic [[Judaism]], created both good and evil, as stated in [[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]] 45:7: "I form the light, and create darkness: I make peace, and create evil: I the Lord do all these things." The devil does not exist in Jewish scriptures. However, the influence of [[Zoroastrianism]] during the [[Achaemenid Empire]] introduced evil as a separate principle into the Jewish belief system, which gradually externalized the opposition until the Hebrew term ''satan'' developed into a specific type of supernatural entity, changing the monistic view of Judaism into a dualistic one.<ref>Jeffrey Burton Russell, ''The Devil: Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive Christianity'', Cornell University Press 1987 {{ISBN| 978-0-801-49409-3}}, p. 58</ref> Later, [[Rabbinic Judaism]] rejected{{when|date=October 2018}} the [[Enoch (ancestor of Noah)|Enochian books]] (written during the [[Second Temple period]] under [[Persians|Persian]] influence), which depicted the devil as an independent force of evil besides God.<ref>Jackson, David R. (2004). ''Enochic Judaism. London: T&T Clark International.'' pp. 2–4. {{ISBN|0-8264-7089-0}}</ref> After the [[Apocalyptic literature|apocalyptic period]], references to [[Satan#Judaism|Satan]] in the [[Tanakh]] are thought{{by whom|date=October 2018}} to be [[allegorical]].<ref>Jeffrey Burton Russell, ''The Devil: Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive Christianity'', Cornell University Press 1987 {{ISBN|978-0-801-49409-3}}, p. 29</ref>