Editing Demographics of the Netherlands (section)

==Migration and origin groups==
{{See also|Multiculturalism in the Netherlands}}

Between 1590 and 1800 the estimated share of foreign-born population was consistently above 5%.<ref name=":3" />

According to [[Eurostat]], in 2010 there were 1,800,000 foreign-born residents in the Netherlands, corresponding to 11.1% of the total population. Of these, 1,400,000 (8.5%) were born outside the EU (including those from Dutch colonies) and 428,000 (2.6%) were born in another EU member state. The most common countries of birth being: [[Belgium]], [[Germany]], [[Poland]] and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-11-034/EN/KS-SF-11-034-EN.PDF |title=6.5% of the EU population are foreigners and 9.4% are born abroad (34/2011) |work=[[Eurostat]] |first=Katya |last=VASILEVA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128101046/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-11-034/EN/KS-SF-11-034-EN.PDF |archive-date=2012-01-28 }}</ref> On 1 January 2016, 26.2% of persons aged 0–50 had at least one parent born in a foreign country. 11.4% of persons aged 0–50 of 'Dutch background' belonged to the 'third generation', the majority descending from Western immigrants. The third generation constitutes persons born from two second generation immigrants or one second generation immigrant and one person with a Dutch background. First and second generation immigrants and the third generation were 34.5% of the population aged 0–50.<ref>Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, [Wie zijn de derde generatie?. https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2016/47/wie-zijn-de-derde-generatie-] Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.</ref>

As the result of [[immigration]] from overseas, the Netherlands have a sizeable minority of non-indigenous peoples. There is also a considerable level of emigration, in majority consisting of former immigrants. In 2005, some 121,000 people left the country, while 94,000 entered it. Out of a total of 101,150 people immigrating into the Netherlands in 2006, 66,658 were from Europe, Oceania, the Americas or Japan, and 34,492 were from other (mostly developing) countries. Out of a total of 132,470 emigrants, 94,834 were going to Europe, Oceania, the Americas or Japan and 37,636 to other countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/table.asp?LYR=G2:0,G3:0,G4:0&LA=en&DM=SLEN&PA=03742eng&D1=0-4&D2=0-7&D6=a,!0-7&HDR=T&STB=G5:D,G1|title=CBS StatLine - External migration; sex, age (31 dec), marital status and country of birth|work=cbs.nl}}</ref>

A large number<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://focus-migration.hwwi.de/The-Netherlands.2644.0.html?L=1|title=Focus migration - country profile - Netherlands|date=November 2007|website=focus-migration.hwwi.de|publisher=Hamburgisches WeltWirtschaftsinstitut (HWWI)|access-date=6 April 2017|archive-date=30 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430110347/http://focus-migration.hwwi.de/The-Netherlands.2644.0.html?L=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> of immigrants come from countries in Western Europe, mostly from the neighbouring countries of [[Germany]] and [[Belgium]]. There were five subsequent waves of immigration to the Netherlands in recent history.
# In the late-1940s and into the 1950s, following the end of the [[Second World War]], people from the newly independent [[Indonesia|Republic of Indonesia]] repatriated or emigrated to the Netherlands - mainly [[Indo people|Indo-European]] (people of mixed European and Indonesian ancestry of Dutch nationality) and supporters of the [[Republic of South Maluku]].
# Between 1960 and 1974, migrants from [[Greece]], [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], [[Turkey]] and [[Morocco]] came to work in the Netherlands as [[guest worker]]s. They were expected to return to their own country and many did, but others remained and in the 1970s and 1980s were joined by their families. Until 2004, when marriage immigration was restricted, their children usually married others from their home country.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}
# After 1974, people emigrated from the newly independent [[Suriname]] and from the [[Netherlands Antilles]], which remained part of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]]. In 1974, about forty thousand Surinamese migrated while still retaining Dutch citizenship; between 1975 and 1980 there was a transitional arrangement allowing migration. Antilleans have the Dutch nationality and behave like typical labour migrants, travelling to and from the country in response to the employment available.
# During the 1970s and 1980s, the number of [[asylum seeker]]s was low, consisting e.g. of [[Chileans]] fleeing from political oppression and/or persecution. In the 1990s, asylum migration sharply increased,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2015/05/substantial-increase-asylum-seekers |title=Substantial increase asylum seekers |date=29 January 2015 |website=cbs.nl |access-date=6 April 2017 }}</ref> largely consisting of [[Yugoslavs]], [[Somalis]], [[Iraqis]], [[Iranian peoples|Iranians]], [[People of Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]ns, [[Eritreans]], [[Afghans]] and [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]], fleeing war or famine.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305626640|title=Nieuwe etnische groepen in Nederland. Een onderzoek onder vluchtelingen en statushouders uit Afghanistan, Iran, Ethiopië, Eritrea, Somalië en Vietnam.}}</ref> Between 2000 and 2014 asylum migration strongly decreased due to the strict "[[Integration law for immigrants to the Netherlands|Cohen Law]]". However, the [[Syrian Civil War]] from 2011 resulted in a large influx of Syrian asylum seekers in 2015 and 2016; about ninety thousand Syrians had been granted asylum by 2018.
# Since the 2000s, migrant workers and their families from the newly joined EU member states in Central and [[Eastern Europe]], including: [[Poland]], and [[Bulgaria]], and non-EU states , [[Ukraine]] and the former [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} In addition, a number of Spaniards, Greeks, Italians, and Portuguese also migrated due to the impact of the Great Recession in those countries. In 2005, non-Western ethnic population comprised 1.7 million individuals, about 10% of the population in the country.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.scp.nl/Publicaties/Alle_publicaties/Publicaties_2005/Jaarrapport_Integratie_2005|title=Jaarrapport Integratie 2005 - SCP Summary|website=www.scp.nl|pages=1–3|language=nl|access-date=2018-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916022710/https://www.scp.nl/Publicaties/Alle_publicaties/Publicaties_2005/Jaarrapport_Integratie_2005|archive-date=2018-09-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Illegal immigration to the Netherlands results in automatic deportation<ref>{{cite news|title= Dutch float 'migrant prison' scheme|work=[[BBC]]|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7096186.stm|access-date=2012-05-05}}</ref> but this is often not enforced for various reasons such as unknown country of origin, etc. Many Dutch provinces in 2012 had quotas for deporting illegal immigrants.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anti-immigrant website fans flames in the Netherlands |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/Anti+immigrant+website+fans+flames+Netherlands/6434901/story.html |access-date=2012-05-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429052514/http://www.vancouversun.com/news/Anti%2Bimmigrant%2Bwebsite%2Bfans%2Bflames%2BNetherlands/6434901/story.html |archive-date=2012-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Dutch Police to Scan Fingerprints in Checks for Illegal Immigrants|work=[[Voice of America]]|url= http://blogs.voanews.com/breaking-news/2011/07/20/dutch-police-to-scan-fingerprints-in-checks-for-illegal-immigrants/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130118222916/http://blogs.voanews.com/breaking-news/2011/07/20/dutch-police-to-scan-fingerprints-in-checks-for-illegal-immigrants/|url-status= dead|archive-date= 18 January 2013|access-date=2012-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Government gets tougher with illegal immigrants|work=[[Radio Netherlands]]|url=http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/government-gets-tougher-illegal-immigrants|access-date=2012-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428014452/http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/government-gets-tougher-illegal-immigrants|archive-date=2012-04-28|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Clash over illegal alien arrest quota|work=[[Radio Netherlands]]|url=http://www.rnw.nl/english/video/clash-over-illegal-alien-arrest-quota|access-date=2012-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401205741/http://www.rnw.nl/english/video/clash-over-illegal-alien-arrest-quota|archive-date=2012-04-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>

By 2017, persons with a [[migration background]], both western and non-western, formed a majority in Amsterdam (2011), Rotterdam (2013) and The Hague, the three largest cities of the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=70748NED&D1=0,2,4&D2=0&D3=0&D4=5,15,24&D5=l&HDR=T&STB=G4,G2,G1,G3&VW=T|title=CBS|last=Statistiek|first=Centraal Bureau voor de|website=Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek|language=nl-NL|access-date=2018-09-17}}</ref>

In 2005, the governmental ''Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau'' in its annual report, noted recurring integration problems for ethnic minorities. While during the economic boom of the 1990s their unemployment and dependence on welfare had strongly decreased, the economic downturn between 2001 and 2004 disproportionally affected immigrant groups. This would be explained by their functioning as a labour reserve, by their lower educational levels and by lower language skills. The report also noted that per capita [[social interaction]]s between native Dutch and immigrant populations tended to decline over time, partly explainable by the size growth of immigrant groups. Integration levels strongly varied between groups. Surinamese and Antilleans were well economically integrated, but the latter less so culturally. Cultural integration was limited for Turks, but better for Moroccans. Of the asylum seekers, Somalis were among the least integrated into Dutch society, while Iranians were the best integrated with the highest education levels and modern lifestyles. Though the educational levels of the second generation were a significant improvement over those of the first generation, they still lagged behind the native Dutch who themselves on average had been attending ever higher school types. While half of all native Dutch pupils in 2005 proceeded to higher secondary education (HAVO and VWO), for Turks and Moroccans the share was a fifth and for Somali pupils even lower.<ref name=":1" />

In 2007, non-Western groups were generally socio-economically disadvantaged. Of the four largest non-Western groups, Turks and Moroccans were the most disadvantaged. In 2006, only 38.7% of Moroccans and 43.9% of Turks aged 15–64 were employed, meaning their unemployment rate was about four times that of the native Dutch (17.2% for Moroccans and 15.1% for Turks), and 30% received some type of [[Welfare spending|social welfare]].<ref name=":3" />

The [[2008 financial crisis]] and the [[Euro area crisis]] affected immigrant groups particularly hard. In 2012, at 12% non-Western migrants were six times more likely than native Dutch to receive social welfare benefits, with 2% for the Dutch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scp.nl/english/Publications/Summaries_by_year/Summaries_2014/Annual_Integration_Report_2013|title=Annual Integration Report 2013 Summary|website=www.scp.nl|publisher=SCP|page=191|language=en|access-date=2018-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916164037/https://www.scp.nl/english/Publications/Summaries_by_year/Summaries_2014/Annual_Integration_Report_2013|archive-date=2018-09-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:2017 Immigrants to Netherlands low-income households.png|thumb|300x300px|Western and non-Western fraction of low-income households and source of income. Data sourced from [[Statistics Netherlands]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2018/46/half-of-refugee-households-at-risk-of-poverty|title=Half of refugee households at risk of poverty|last=Netherlands|first=Statistics|website=Statistics Netherlands|date=12 November 2018 |language=en-GB|access-date=2018-11-18}}</ref>]]

According to a 2010 [[Statistics Netherlands]] report, the third generation of non-Western immigrants was predominantly young with 80% being younger than 15, while growing with 10% each year. The third generation have a similar employment rate as the native Dutch and receive a similar amount of social benefits. The third non-Western generation follow adult education more frequently than both the native Dutch and non-Western immigrants. The non-Western immigrant population as a whole has 1.5 to 2 times the benefit dependence compared to the natives. The non-Western third generation had a rate slightly higher than the native Dutch [[immigration and crime in the Netherlands|as crime suspects]], but lower than for non-Western immigrants as a whole.<ref>Steven de Jong, "PVV-plan is prachtig. Derde generatie kan imago ‘allochtoon’ opkrikken", ''NRC Handelsblad'', 29 June 2011</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2011/06/29/pvv-plan-is-prachtig-derde-generatie-kan-imago-allochtoon-opkrikken-a1482011|title=Verkenning niet-westerse derde generatie|journal=Papers van het Centrum voor Beleidsstatistiek|publisher=[[Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek]]|year=2010|location=Den Haag|pages=5 / Samenvattning|issn=1877-3028|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116111707/http://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/311354DC-0B4D-4C0F-B8DA-B09247450055/0/201002x42pub.pdf|archive-date=16 November 2010}}</ref>

According to Statistics Netherlands, nearly 53% of refugee households have a low income, six times the Netherlands average (8.2%).<ref name=":2" /> For Syrian and Eritrean households the share is about 80%. At 33% the poverty risk is lowest among Iranian refugee households. The group of Syrian households at risk of poverty grew from ten thousand (76% of all Syrian households in 2016) to eighteen thousand (79% of all Syrian households) in 2018. Households of Polish, Romanian or Bulgarian origin have a greater than average risk of poverty even though households from these [[Eastern Europe]]an countries generally depend on work for their income. Migrant workers from Eastern Europe generally perform low-skilled work while migrants from [[Western Europe]] are often highly educated.<ref name=":2" />

Immigrants from foreign countries are divided into several ethnic groups. For example, there are both Russians and Chechens from [[Russia]], [[Turkish people|Turks]] and [[Kurdish people|Kurds]] from [[Turkey]], [[Serbs]] and [[Albanians]] from [[Serbia]] and immigrants from [[Iran]] are divided into Persians, Azeris and Kurds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb|title=CBS|first=Statistics|last=Netherlands|website=Statistics Netherlands|date=2 June 2023 }}</ref>

===Net migration of the Netherlands, 1995-present===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Netherlands Migration Data 
! Year !! Immigration !! Emigration !! Net immigration
|-
| 1995 || 96,099 || 82,195 || +13,904
|-
| 1996 || 108,749 || 91,945 || +16,804
|-
| 1997 || 109,860 || 81,973 || +27,887
|-
| 1998 || 122,407 || 79,289 || +43,118
|-
| 1999 || 119,151 || 78,779 || +40,372
|-
| 2000 || 132,850 || 78,977 || +53,873
|-
| 2001 || 133,404 || 82,566 || +50,838
|-
| 2002 || 121,250 || 96,918 || +24,332
|-
| 2003 || 104,514 || 104,831 || -317
|-
| 2004 || 94,019 || 110,235 || -16,216
|-
| 2005 || 92,297 || 119,725 || -27,428
|-
| 2006 || 101,150 || 132,470 || -31,320
|-
| 2007 || 116,819 || 122,576 || -5,757
|-
| 2008 || 143,516 || 117,779 || +25,737
|-
| 2009 || 146,378 || 111,897 || +34,481
|-
| 2010 || 154,432 || 121,351 || +33,081
|-
| 2011 || 162,962 || 133,194 || +29,768
|-
| 2012 || 158,374 || 144,491 || +13,883
|-
| 2013 || 164,772 || 145,669 || +19,103
|-
| 2014 || 182,949 || 147,862 || +35,087
|-
| 2015 || 204,615 || 149,509 || +55,106
|-
| 2016 || 230,739 || 151,545 || +79,194
|-
| 2017 || 234,957 || 154,292 || +80,665
|-
| 2018 || 243,737 || 157,366 || +86,371
|-
| 2019 || 269,064 || 161,029 || +108,035
|-
| 2020 || 220,853 || 152,494 || +68,359
|-
| 2021 || 252,528 || 145,330 || +107,198
|-
| 2022 || 403,108 || 179,310 || +223,798
|-
| 2023 || 335,668 || 198,310 || +137,358
|-
|2024 || 314,072 || 204,941 || +109,131
|}

===National origins===
[[File:Population of the Netherlands by Country of Birth.png|Population of the Netherlands by country of birth|350px|left|thumb]] 
{{Pie chart|caption=Pie chart showing the breakdown of the Netherlands by national origin (2022)|label1=Dutch|label2=Turks|label3=Moroccans|label4=Surinamese|label5=Indos|label6=Germans|label7=Poles|label8=Curaçao|label9=Belgians|label10=Other|value1=74.77|value2=2.44|value3=2.38|value4=2.05|value5=1.99|value6=1.95|value7=1.26|value8=0.77|value9=0.7|value10=11.69|color1=GhostWhite|color2=Crimson|color3=Gold|color4=IndianRed|color5=Navy|color6=Cornsilk|color7=LightCyan|color8=DarkOliveGreen|color9=Honeydew|color10=Maroon|radius=80}}
{{Further|Integration law for new immigrants to the Netherlands}}
{{As of|2022|1|1}}, 4,438,900 citizens are of non-Dutch/[[Frisians|Frisian]] origin. A majority of these (50,86%) are from seven backgrounds alone: Turks (inc. Kurds), Moroccans (inc. Berbers), Surinamese, Indonesians (inc. Moluccans), Germans, Poles and Curaçao.<ref name="CBS"/>

With the huge expansion of the European Union during the 2000s, the Netherlands has seen a rise in the number of immigrants coming from new member states. Migrant workers from these countries are estimated to be about 100,000 as of 2007.<ref>{{cite news | title = Donner: 100.000 Oost-Europeanen werken in Nederland | url = http://www.volkskrant.nl/economie/article481415.ece/Donner_100_duizend_Oost-Europeanen_werken_in_Nederland|website=Volkskrant.nl | date = 2007-11-25 | access-date = 2007-11-25}}</ref> Legal migrants from new EU-member states doubled between 2007–11 to 200,000,<ref>{{cite web | title = Aantal Midden- en Oost-Europeanen in vijf jaar tijd verdubbeld | url = http://www.cbs.nl/nl-NL/menu/themas/bevolking/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2011/2011-3442-wm.htm | publisher = CBS | date = 2011-07-25 | access-date = 2011-11-29}}</ref> with estimates totaling up to 300,000. Of the [[Polish people|Poles]] who initially moved to the Netherlands in 2004, about a quarter had returned to [[Poland]] by 2006.<ref>{{cite web | title = Immigratie Oost-Europeanen blijft hoog | url = http://www.cbs.nl/nl-NL/menu/themas/bevolking/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2007/2007-2334-wm.htm | publisher = CBS | date = 2007-11-28 | access-date = 2007-11-28}}</ref> In addition, a large number of [[Syrians]] moved to the Netherlands in the 2010s mostly as refugees, with the population increasing seven-fold between 2014 and 2019. Both Poles and Syrians have overtaken the population of [[Netherlands Antilles|Antilleans]] during the decade.<ref name="CBS"/>  More than 36,000 [[Romani people|Roma]] live in the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/roma-and-travelers-in-the-netherlands-fear-for-survival-of-their-traditions/|title=Roma and Travelers in Netherlands fear for their culture|date=15 July 2019 }}</ref> Dutch Roma, [[Sinti]] and Dutch [[Jews]] were decimated by [[the Holocaust]].<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-66019-3_34?noAccess=true | doi=10.1007/978-1-349-66019-3_34 | chapter=A Reassessment of the Dutch Record during the Holocaust | title=Remembering for the Future | year=2001 | last1=Rutland | first1=Suzanne D. | pages=527–542 | isbn=978-0-333-80486-5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/country/netherlands | title=Netherlands &#124; IHRA }}</ref> However, the Jewish population has seen growth in the Netherlands in recent years.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jpr.org.uk/country?id=224 | title=Institute for Jewish Policy Research: Netherlands }}</ref>

{{As of|2022|1|1}}:<ref name="CBS">{{cite web|url=http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=37325&D1=0&D2=a&D3=0&D4=0&D5=a&D6=l&HDR=G2,G3&STB=G1,G5,T,G4&VW=T|title=CBS StatLine - Bevolking; generatie, geslacht, leeftijd en herkomstgroepering, 1 januari|website=Statline.cbs.nl|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! National origins/[[Migration background]]
! 2022
! 2021
! 2020
! 2019
! 2018
! 2017
! 2016
! 2015
! 2014
! 2013
! 2012
! 2010
|-
|[[Dutch people|Dutch]] (& [[Frisians]])
|13 151 772	(74.77%)
|13 169 507	(75.36%)
|13 186 880 (75.75%)
|13 196 025 (76.36%)
|13 209 225 (76.88%)
|13 218 754 (77.39%)
|13 226 829 (77.90%)
|13 235 405 (78.31%)
|13 234 545 (78.64%)
|13 236 494 (78.89%)
|style="color: blue"|13 236 618 (79.12%)
|13 215 458 (79.73%)
|-
|[[Turks in the Netherlands|Turks]] (& [[Kurds in the Netherlands|Kurds]])
|429 978 (2.444%)
|422 030 (2.415%)
|416 864 (2.395%)
|409 877 (2.37%)
|404 459 (2.35%)
|400 367 (2.34%)
|397 471 (2.34%)
|396 555 (2.35%)
|396 414 (2.36%)
|392 923 (2.34%)
|392 923 (2.35%)
|384 164 (2.32%)
|-
|[[Moroccans in the Netherlands|Moroccans]] (& [[Berbers in the Netherlands|Berbers]])
|419 272 (2.38%)
|414 186 (2.37%)
|408 864 (2.35%)
|402 492 (2.33%)
|396 539 (2.31%)
|391 088 (2.29%)
|385 761 (2.27%)
|380 755 (2.25%)
|374 996 (2.23%)
|368 838 (2.20%)
|362 954 (2.17%)
|349 270 (2.11%)
|-
|[[Surinamese people in the Netherlands|Surinamese]]
|359 814 (2.05%)
|358 266 (2.05%)
|356 402 (2.05%)
|353 909 (2.05%)
|351 681 (2.05%)
|349 978 (2.05%)
|349 022 (2.06%)
|348 662 (2.06%)
|348 291 (2.07%)
|344 734 (2.05%)
|344 734 (2.06%)
|342 016 (2.06%)
|-
|[[Indo people#The Netherlands|Indos]] (& [[Moluccan diaspora#The Netherlands|Moluccans]])
|349 301 (1.986%)
|352 266 (2.016%)
|356 029 (2.045%)
|358 773 (2.08%)
|361 594 (2.10%)
|364 328 (2.13%)
|366 849 (2.16%)
|369 661 (2.19%)
|372 233 (2.21%)
|374 847 (2.23%)
|377 618 (2.26%)
|style="color: blue"|382 319 (2.31%)
|-
|[[Germans]]
|342 925 (1.95%)
|345 746 (1.98%)
|349 284 (2.006%)
|351 552 (2.03%)
|354 136 (2.06%)
|356 875 (2.09%)
|360 116 (2.12%)
|364 125 (2.15%)
|368 512 (2.19%)
|?
|?
|style="color: blue"|379 017 (2.29%)
|-
|[[Polish people|Poles]]
|220 980 (1.26%)
|209 278 (1.2%)
|198 024 (1.14%)
|185 497 (1.07%)
|173 050 (1.01%)
|161 158 (0.94%)
|149 831 (0.88%)
|137 794 (0.82%)
|123 003 (0.73%)
|111 121 (0.66%)
|100 775 (0.60%)
|77 178 (0.47%)
|-
|[[Demographics of the Netherlands Antilles|Antilleans]]
|165 477 (0.94%)
|160 429 (0.92%)
|158 487 (0.91%) 
|155 492 (0.90%)
|153 469 (0.90%)
|150 981 (0.89%)
|148 926 (0.88%)
|146 855 (0.87%)
|145 499 (0.87%)
|143 992 (0.86%)
|138 113 (0.83%)
|134 486 (0.82%)
|-
|[[Syrians]]
|126 260 (0.72%)
|113 126 (0.65%)
|105 440 (0.61%)
|98 090 (0.57%)
|90 771 (0.53%)
|72 903 (0.43%)
|43 838 (0.26%)
|22 568 (0.13%)
|13 744 (0.08%)
|11 665 (0.07%)
|11 025 (0.07%)
|10 263 (0.06%)
|-
|[[Belgians]]
|123 136 (0.7%)
|122 197 (0.7%)
|121 019 (0.695%)
|119 769 (0.69%)
|118 725 (0.69%)
|117 495 (0.69%)
|116 389 (0.69%)
|115 687 (0.68%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|Former [[Soviet people|Soviets]]{{efn|Primarily [[Estonians]], [[Lithuanians]], [[Latvians]], [[Russians]] and [[Ukrainians]]}}
|?
|110 877
|
|92 128 (0.53%)
|
|84 498 (0.49%)
|80 013 (0.47%)
|76 102 (0.45%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[British people|British]]
|97 844 (0.56%)
|97 614	(0.56%)
|
|91 154 (0.53%)
|88 390 (0.51%)
|86 293 (0.51%)
|84 466 (0.50%)
|82 879 (0.49%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|Former [[Yugoslavs]]{{efn|[[Bosniaks]] & [[Bosnians]], [[Croats]], [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]], [[Montenegrins]], [[Serbs]], [[Slovenes]], and other [[Yugoslavs]] collectively}}
|?
|91 951
|
|87 536 (0.51%)
|
|85 504 (0.50%)
|84 243 (0.50%)
|83 261 (0.49%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Chinese people in the Netherlands|Chinese]]
|84 453 (0.48%)
|81 735 (0.47%)
|
|77 648 (0.45%)
|74 234 (0.43%)
|71 229 (0.42%)
|68 697 (0.40%)
|66 088 (0.39%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Iraqis in the Netherlands|Iraqis]]
|67 757	(0.39%)
|66 216 (0.38%)
|
|63 008 (0.36%)
|61 255 (0.36%)
|59 497 (0.35%)
|56 269 (0.33%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Indians in the Netherlands|Indians]]
|65 399 (0.37%)
|58 460 (0.33%)
|
|48 724 (0.28%)
|
|36 818 (0.22%)
|32 682 (0.19%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Italians]]
|64 398 (0.37%)
|61 367 (0.35%)
|
|56 645 (0.33%)
|53 703 (0.31%)
|50 925 (0.30%)
|48 366 (0.28%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Afghans in the Netherlands|Afghans]]
|54 991 (0.31%)
|51 830 (0.3%)
|
|49 122 (0.28%)
|47 776 (0.28%)
|46 701 (0.27%)
|44 339 (0.26%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Spaniards]]
|54 269 (0.31%)
|50 466 (0.29%)
|
|46 741 (0.27%)
|
|42 926 (0.25%)
|41 572 (0.24%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[French people|French]]
|52 389 (0.3%)
|50 207 (0.29%)
|
|47 009 (0.27%)
|45 558 (0.27%)
|43 836 (0.26%)
|42 070 (0.25%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Iranians in the Netherlands|Iranians]] (Persians, Azeris and Kurds)
|52 099 (0.3%)
|49 723 (0.29%)
|
|44 379 (0.26%)
|42 464 (0.25%)
|40 893 (0.24%)
|38 458 (0.23%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Bulgarians]]
|50 305 (0.29%)
|44 874 (0.26%)
|40 216 (0.23%)
|34 809 (0.20%)
|
|27 729 (0.16%)
|25 520 (0.15%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Americans]]
|49 246 (0.28%)
|47 408	(0.27%)
|
|44 399 (0.26%)
|
|40 022 (0.23%)
|38 494 (0.23%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Romanians]]
|48 563	(0.28%)
|43 161	(0.25%)
|39 340 (0.225%)
|34 185 (0.20%)
|
|25 551 (0.15%)
|23 020 (0.14%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Somalis in the Netherlands|Somalis]]
|41 064	(0.23%)
|40 701 (0.23%)
|40 251 (0.23%)
|39 947 (0.23%)
|39 737 (0.23%)
|39 457 (0.23%)
|39 465 (0.23%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Bosnians]]
|39 265 (0.22%)
|38 927 (0.22%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Brazilians]]
|38 125 (0.22%)
|35 285 (0.2%)
|33 348 (0.19%)
|30 104 (0.17%)
|
|24 725 (0.14%)
|23 675 (0.14%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[South Africans]] ([[Afrikaners]])
|31 693 (0.18%)
|28 562 (0.16%)
|
|23 738 (0.14%)
|
|20 859 (0.12%)
|19 877 (0.12%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Greeks in the Netherlands|Greeks]]
|31 480 (0.18%)
|28 856 (0.16%)
|28 100 (0.16%)
|25 709 (0.15%)
|
|22 141 (0.13%)
|20 769 (0.12%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Portuguese in the Netherlands|Portuguese]]
|31 306 (0.18%)
|29 092	(0.17%)
|28 802 (0.17%)
|27 450 (0.16%)
|
|25 637 (0.15%)
|24 930 (0.15%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Egyptians in the Netherlands|Egyptians]]
|29 483 (0.17%)
|28 399 (0.16%)
|
|26 152 (0.15%)
|
|23 956 (0.14%)
|23 198 (0.14%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Ethiopians]]
|28 635 (0.16%)
|27 139	(0.15%)
|
|23 777 (0.14%)
|
|19 528 (0.11%)
|16 347 (0.10%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Hungarians]]
|28 210 (0.16%)
|26 853 (0.15%)
|
|24 898 (0.14%)
|
|22 870 (0.13%)
|22 080 (0.13%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Pakistanis in the Netherlands|Pakistanis]]
|27 261 (0.15%)
|25 938 (0.15%)
|
|23 855 (0.14%)
|22 897 (0.13%)
|22 137 (0.13%)
|21 447 (0.13%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Ghanaians]]
|26 694 (0.15%) 
|25 999 (0.15%)
|
|24 460 (0.14%)
|
|23 430 (0.14%)
|23 168 (0.14%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Filipinos in the Netherlands|Filipinos]]
|26 658 (0.15%)
|25 365 (0.14%)
|
|23 128 (0.13%)
|22 000 (0.13%)
|20 937 (0.12%)
|20 073 (0.12%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Vietnamese people in the Netherlands|Vietnamese]] (Kinh)
|25 135 (0.14%)
|24 594 (0.14%)
|
|23 488 (0.14%)
|
|22 023 (0.13%)
|21 435 (0.13%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Thai people|Thai]]
|23 390 (0.13%)
|22 642 (0.13%)
|
|21 364 (0.12%)
|
|20 106 (0.12%)
|19 513 (0.11%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Cape Verdeans in the Netherlands|Cape Verdeans]]
|23 150 (0.13%)
|22 980 (0.13%)
|
|22 632 (0.13%)
|
|22 285 (0.13%)
|22 157 (0.13%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Colombians]]
|21 853 (0.12%)
|20 515 (0.12%)
|
|18 351 (0.11%)
|
|16 607 (0.10%)
|15 892 (0.09%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Hongkongers in the Netherlands|Hongkongers]]
|18 363 (0.1%)
|18 332 (0.10%)
|
|18 367 (0.11%)
|
|18 357 (0.11%)
|18 300 (0.11%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Australians]]
|17 722 (0.10%)
|17 688 (0.10%)
|
|17 349 (0.10%)
|
|16 597 (0.10%)
|16 127 (0.09%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Canadians]]
|17 266	(0.1%)
|16 997 (0.10%)
|
|16 614 (0.10%)
|16 240 (0.09%)
|15 944 (0.09%)
|15 625 (0.09%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|[[Austrians]]
|16 216 (0.09%)
|16 130 (0.09%)
|
|16 055 (0.09%)
|
|15 777 (0.09%)
|15 674 (0.09%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|Rest of [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]
|?
|
|
|108 621 (0.63%)
|
|97 026 (0.57%)
|91 797 (0.54%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|Rest of [[Europe]]
|?
|
|
|77 245 (0.45%)
|
|68 592 (0.40%)
|65 849 (0.39%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|Rest of [[Americas]] (except Caribbean)
|?
|
|
|52 425 (0.30)
|
|47 048 (0.28%)
|45 256 (0.27%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|Rest of [[North Africa]] and [[Middle East]]
|?
|
|
|55 180 (0.32%)
|
|46 231 (0.27%)
|44 059 (0.26%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|Rest of [[East Asia|East]] and [[Southeast Asia]]
|?
|
|
|38 279 (0.22%)
|
|34 562 (0.20%)
|33 473 (0.20%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|Rest of [[Caribbean]]
|?
|
|
|28 861 (0.17%)
|
|21 514 (0.13%)
|20 956 (0.12%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|Rest of [[South Asia]]
|?
|
|
|18 672 (0.11%)
|
|17 448 (0.10%)
|16 762 (0.10%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|Rest of [[Oceania]]
|?
|
|
|6 479 (0.04%)
|
|6 062 (0.04%)
|5 916 (0.03%)
|?
|?
|?
|?
|?
|-
|Others
|?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1 094 826 (6.48%)
|1 587 433 (9.43%)
|1 437 462 (8.57%)
|1 437 462 (8.59%)
|1 387 255 (8.37%)
|-
|Total
|17 590 672	
|17 475 415
|17 407 575
|17 282 163
|17 181 084
|17 081 507
|16 979 120
|16 900 726
|16 829 289
|16 779 575
|16 730 348
|16 577 612
|}
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="200" heights="200" caption="Population pyramids of background groups">
File:Dutch background population pyramid in 2022.svg|Dutch background population pyramid in 2022
File:Migration background population pyramid in the Netherlands.svg|[[Migration background]]: Total
File:1st generation migrant background population pyramid in the Netherlands.svg|1st generation migrant background
File:2nd generation migrant background population pyramid in the Netherlands.svg|2nd generation (both parents born abroad) migrant background
File:2nd generation partial migrant background population pyramid in the Netherlands.svg|2nd generation partial (one parent born abroad) migrant background
File:Europe background population pyramid in the Netherlands.svg|Europe (total foreign/non-Dutch) migrant background
File:Americas background population pyramid in the Netherlands.svg|Americas (total foreign/non-Dutch) migrant background
File:Asia background population pyramid in the Netherlands.svg|Asia (total foreign/non-Dutch) migrant background
File:Africa background population pyramid in the Netherlands.svg|Africa (total foreign/non-Dutch) migrant background
File:Population pyramid of the Netherlands by migration background in 2022.svg|Total population pyramid by migration background origin
</gallery>
{|class="wikitable"
! Region of the World<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=CBS Statline |url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37325/table |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=opendata.cbs.nl |language=nl}}</ref>
! 2024<ref>{{cite web | url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/85384NED/table?ts=1705119797159 | title=CBS Statline }}</ref>
! 2023<ref>{{cite web | url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/85384NED/table?ts=1705119797159 | title=CBS Statline }}</ref>
! 2022<ref name="auto1"/>
! 2021
! 2019
! 2018
! 2017
! 2016
|-
|Netherlands
|12 941 748	(72.13%)
|12 978 154 (72.86%)
|13 013 279 (73.97%)
|13 169 507 (75.36%)
|13 196 025 (76.36%)
|13 209 225 (76.88%)
|13 218 754 (77.39%)
|13 226 829 (77.90%)
|-
|Europe (Except Netherlands)
|1 677 093 (9.35%)
|1 617 454 (9.08%)
|1 477 069 (8.39%)
|
|
|
|1 237 807 (7.25%)
|1 204 908 (7.10%)
|-
|Asia
|1 661 731 (9.26%)
|1 594 551 (8.95%)
|1 523 493 (8.66%)
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Americas
|855 488 (4.77%)
|804 097 (4.51%)
|815,554 (4.63%)
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Africa
|806 882 (4.50%)
|785 016 (4.41%)
|761 277 (4.32%)
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|North Africa and Middle East
|
|
|
|1 148 300 (6.64%)
|
|1 081 636 (6.33%)
|1 033 393 (6.09%)
|-
|East and South East Asia
|
|
|
|561 047 (3.25%)
|
|551 542 (3.23%)
|548 340 (3.23%)
|-
|Caribbean and Suriname
|
|
|
|538 262 (3.11%)
|
|524 961 (3.07%)
|520 959 (3.07%)
|-
|Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
|
|243 175 (1.41%)
|
|222 585 (1.30%)
|212 811 (1.25%)
|-
|Americas (Except Caribbean and Suriname)
|
|
|
|161 893 (0.94%)
|
|144 346 (0.85%)
|138 942 (0.82%)
|-
|South Asia
|
|
|
|91 251 (0.53%)
|
|76 403 (0.45%)
|70 891 (0.42%)
|-
|Oceania
|
|32 019 (0.18%)
|24 423 (0.14%)
|24 390 (0.14%)
|22 828 (0.14%)
|
|22 659 (0.13%)
|22 043 (0.13%)
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Immigrants and people of migrant backgrounds
!Nationality
!Population (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37325/table?fromstatweb|title=CBS Statline|website=opendata.cbs.nl}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|429,978 
|-
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|419,272 
|-
|{{flag|Suriname}}
|359,814 
|-
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|349,301 
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Germany}}
|342,925 
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Poland}}
|220,980 
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}
|126,260 
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Belgium}}
|123,136 
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|97,844 
|-
|{{flag|China}}
|84,453 
|-
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|67,757 
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|65,399 
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Italy}}
|55,001
|-
|{{flag|Afghanistan}}
|54,991 
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Spain}}
|54,269 
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|France}}
|52,389 
|-
|{{flag|Iran}}
|52,099 
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|50,305 
|-
|{{flag|United States}}
|49,246 
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Romania}}
|48,563 
|-
|{{flag|Somalia}}
|41,064 
|-
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|39,265 
|-
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|38,125 
|-
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|31,693 
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Greece}}
|31,480 
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Portugal}}
|31,306 
|-
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|29,483 
|-
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|28,635 
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Hungary}}
|28,210 
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|27,261 
|-
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|26,694 
|-
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|26,658 
|-
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}
|23,150 
|-
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|23,390 
|-
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|21,853 
|-
|{{flag|Hong Kong}}
|18,363 
|-
|{{flag|Australia}}
|17,722 
|-
|{{flag|Canada}}
|17,266 
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Austria}}
|16,216 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="float: center;"
|+Net immigrants in the Netherlands in 2022<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/03742/table?ts=1595694123107|title=CBS Statline|website=opendata.cbs.nl}}</ref>
! Rank!! Country !! Number!! Percentage
|-
| 1 || {{flag|Ukraine}}||82,767||37
|-
| 2 || {{flag|Syria}}||16,276||7.2
|-
| 3 || {{flag|Turkey}}||12,040||5.4
|-
| 4 || {{flag|India}}||10,903||4.9
|-
| 5 || {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Poland}}||10,025||4.5
|-
| 6 || {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Romania}}||6,043||2.7
|-
|7 || {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Bulgaria}}||5,527||2.5
|-
| 8 || {{flag|South Africa}}||4,616||2
|-
|9 || {{flag|Afghanistan}}||3,278||1.7
|-
|10 || {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Greece}}||3,270||1.7
|-
|    || ''Top 10 total'' ||154,745||69.1
|-
|    || ''Other'' ||69,053||30.9
|-
|    || '''Total''' ||223,798|| '''100'''
|}

===Emigration===
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2012}}
The Netherlands has seen considerable emigration. In the 1950s' and early 1960s, 560,000 people migrated to the [[United States]], [[South Africa]], [[Australia]], [[Canada]] and [[New Zealand]], leaving their war-torn and overpopulated home country behind. At least 60,000 of these migrants were [[Indo people|Indo-European]] (mixed Dutch-Indonesian) repatriates that moved on, mostly to the United States, after being repatriated to the Netherlands from the former [[Dutch East Indies]] during and after the [[Indonesian Revolution]].

In 2005, some 121,000 people migrated from the Netherlands. There is considerable migration towards neighbouring states, [[Belgium]], [[Germany]] and the [[United Kingdom]] and to the [[Netherlands Antilles]]. Furthermore, almost half of the current emigration consists of people returning to their country of birth, including rejected [[asylum seekers]], after the more stringent migration laws were implemented.

===Education by background===
According to a 2016 study by Statistics Netherlands, students with a non-western background generally study at a lower level of secondary education. 48 percent of those with a Dutch background were at [[HAVO]] or [[Voorbereidend wetenschappelijk onderwijs|VWO]] level at third year, compared to 23 percent for [[Turks in the Netherlands|Dutch Turks]], 28 percent for [[Moroccans in the Netherlands|Dutch Moroccans]], 35 percent for [[Surinamese people in the Netherlands|Dutch Surinamese]] and 31 percent for [[Demographics of the Netherlands Antilles|Dutch Antilleans]]. Some backgrounds fared better: over 40 percent of [[Afghans in the Netherlands|Dutch Afghans]] studied at HAVO/VWO level, and for [[Iranians in the Netherlands|Dutch Iranians]] the rate was 50 percent, which was above native Dutch students.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.cbs.nl/-/media/_pdf/2016/47/2016b5_jaarrapport_integratie_2016_web.pdf|title=Jaarraport Integratie 2016|publisher=CBS}}</ref>