Editing Delta wing (section)

===Subsonic thick wing===
[[File:Vulcan.delta.arp.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Avro Vulcan]] bomber had a thick wing]]
During the latter years of [[World War II]], Alexander Lippisch refined his ideas on the high-speed delta, substantially increasing the sweepback of the wing's leading edge. An experimental glider, the [[Lippisch DM-1|DM-1]], was built to test the aerodynamics of the proposed [[Lippisch P.13a|P.13a]] high-speed [[interceptor aircraft|interceptor]].<ref>{{Citation | publisher = Youtube | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvtxjSrImHw | last = Grommo | date = 17 May 2008 | title = Lippisch P13a Supersonic Ramjet Fighter footage | format = video | access-date = 27 November 2016 | archive-date = 15 April 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160415131015/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mvtxjsrimhw | url-status = live }}.</ref> Following the end of hostilities, the DM-1 was completed on behalf of the [[United States]] and the shipped to [[Langley Field]] in [[Virginia]] for examination by [[NACA]] (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, forerunner of today's [[NASA]]) It underwent significant alterations in the US, typically to lower its drag, resulting in the replacement of its large vertical stabilizer with a smaller and more conventional counterpart, along with a normal cockpit canopy taken from a [[Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star]].<ref>[http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a801410.pdf "Research Memorandum L7F16"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503011249/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a801410.pdf |date=2017-05-03 }}, NACA, 5 August 1947.</ref>

The work of French designer [[Nicolas Roland Payen]] somewhat paralleled that of Lippisch. During the 1930s, he had developed a tandem delta configuration with a straight fore wing and steep delta aft wing, similar to that of Causarás. The outbreak of the Second World War brought a halt to flight testing of the [[Payen PA-22|Pa-22]], although work continued for a time after the project garnered German attention.<ref name="Lepage">{{cite book |last=LePage |first=Jean-Denis G. G. |title=Aircraft of the Luftwaffe, 1935-1945: an illustrated guide |year=2009 |publisher=McFarland |page=243 |isbn=978-0-7864-3937-9}}</ref> During the [[postwar]] era, Payen flew an experimental tailless delta jet, the [[Payen Pa.49|Pa.49]], in 1954, as well as the tailless pusher-configuration [[Payen Arbalète|Arbalète]] series from 1965. Further derivatives based on Payen's work were proposed but ultimately went undeveloped.<ref name="JAWA72">{{cite book |title= Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1972–73 |last= Taylor |first= John W. R. |year=1972 |publisher= Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd |location= London |pages=71–2}}</ref><ref name=JAWA73>{{cite book |title= Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1973-74 |last= Taylor |first= John W. R. |year=1973|publisher=Jane's Yearbooks |location= London |isbn=0-354-00117-5 |pages=75–6}}</ref>

Following the war, the British developed a number of subsonic jet aircraft that harnessed data gathered from Lippisch's work. One such aircraft, the [[Avro 707]] research aircraft, made its first flight in 1949.<ref>Hygate, Barrie; ''British Experimental Jet Aircraft'', Argus, 1990.</ref> British military aircraft such as the [[Avro Vulcan]] (a [[strategic bomber]]) and [[Gloster Javelin]] (an all-weather fighter) were among the first delta-equipped aircraft to enter production. Whereas the Vulcan was a classic tailless design, the Javelin incorporated a tailplane in order to improve low-speed handling and high-speed manoeuvrability, as well as to allow a greater [[centre of gravity]] range.<ref>{{Citation | last = Partridge | first = J | title = Number 179 – The Gloster Javelin 1-6 | publisher = Profile | year = 1967}}.</ref> Gloster proposed a refinement of the Javelin that would have, amongst other changes, decreased wing thickness in order to achieve supersonic speeds of up to Mach 1.6.<ref>Buttler, 2017, pp. 94, 98-100.</ref>