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=== Consonants === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! ![[Labial consonant|Labial]] ![[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br />[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ![[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br />alveolar]] ![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ![[Velar consonant|Velar]] ![[Uvular consonant|Uvular]] ![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- ![[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] |{{IPA link|m}} |{{IPA link|n}} | | | | | |- ![[Stop consonant|Stop]]/<br />[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]] |{{IPA link|p}} {{IPA link|b}} |{{IPA link|t̪|t}} {{IPA link|d̪|d}} |{{IPA link|tʃ}} {{IPA link|dʒ}} | |{{IPA link|k}} {{IPA link|ɡ}} |{{IPA link|q}} |({{IPA link|ʔ}}) |- ![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] |{{IPA link|f}} |{{IPA link|s}} {{IPA link|z}} |{{IPA link|ʃ}} {{IPA link|ʒ}} | |{{IPA link|x}} {{IPA link|ɣ}} | |{{IPA link|h}} |- ![[Tap and flap consonants|Tap]] | |{{IPA link|ɾ}} | | | | | |- ![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | |{{IPA link|l}} | |{{IPA link|j}} |{{IPA link|w}} | | |} * Stops /{{IPA|t, d}}/ are phonetically dental [{{IPA|t̪, d̪}}]. * A glottal stop /ʔ/ only appears in words of Arabic origin. * A flap sound /{{IPA|ɾ}}/ may be realized as a trill sound [{{IPA|r}}], in some environments, mostly word-final position; otherwise, they contrast between vowels wherein a trill occurs as a result of gemination (doubling) of [{{IPA|ɾ}}], especially in loanwords of Arabic origin. Only [{{IPA link|ɾ}}] occurs before and after consonants; in word-final position, it is usually a free variation between a flap or a trill when followed by a consonant or a pause, but flap is more common, only flap before vowel-initial words. * As in many other languages, {{IPA|/n/}} is realized as bilabial {{IPAblink|m}} before bilabial stops and as velar {{IPAblink|ŋ}} before velar stops. * {{IPA|/f/}} is voiced to {{IPAblink|v}} before voiced consonants. * /w/ is almost always voiced as {{IPAblink|w}}, as in Middle Persian.
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