Editing Culture war (section)

===African continent===

According to political scientist Constance G. Anthony, American culture war perspectives on human sexuality were exported to Africa as a form of [[neocolonialism]]. In his view, this began during the [[HIV/AIDS in Africa|AIDS epidemic in Africa]], with the United States government first tying HIV/AIDS assistance money to evangelical leadership and the [[Christian right]] during the [[Presidency of George W. Bush|Bush administration]], then to LGBTQ tolerance during the [[Presidency of Barack Obama|administration]] of [[Barack Obama]]. This stoked a culture war that resulted in (among others) the [[Uganda Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014|''Uganda Anti-Homosexuality Act'']] of 2014.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Anthony |first=Constance G. |date=November 2018 |title=Schizophrenic Neocolonialism: Exporting the American Culture War on Sexuality to Africa |journal=International Studies Perspectives |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=289–304 |doi=10.1093/isp/eky004}}</ref>

Zambian scholar [[Kapya Kaoma]] notes that because "the demographic center of Christianity is shifting from the [[global North]] to the [[global South]]" Africa's influence on Christianity worldwide is increasing. American conservatives export their culture wars to Africa, Kaoma says, particularly when they realize they may be losing the battle back home. US Christians have framed their anti-LGBT initiatives in Africa as standing in opposition to a "Western [[gay agenda]]", a framing which Kaoma finds ironic.<ref>{{cite journal|last=van Klinken|first=Adriaan|date=2017|title=Culture Wars, Race, and Sexuality: A Nascent Pan-African LGBT-Affirming Christian Movement and the Future of Christianity|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jafrireli.5.2.0217|journal=Journal of Africana Religions|volume=5|issue=2|pages=217–238|doi=10.5325/jafrireli.5.2.0217|jstor=10.5325/jafrireli.5.2.0217|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810082713/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jafrireli.5.2.0217|archive-date=August 10, 2021|access-date=May 4, 2021|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

North American and European conspiracy theories have become widespread in [[West Africa]] via social media, according to 2021 survey by ''[[First Draft News]]''. [[COVID-19 misinformation]], [[New World Order (conspiracy theory)|New World Order]] conspiracy thinking, [[QAnon]] and other conspiracy theories associated with culture war topics are spread by American, Pro-Russian, French-language, and local [[disinformation]] websites and social media accounts, including prominent politicians in [[Nigeria]]. This has contributed to [[vaccine hesitancy]] in West Africa, with 60 percent of survey respondents saying they were unlikely to try to get vaccinated, and an erosion of trust in institutions in the region.<ref>{{cite report |first1=Carlotta |last1=Dotto |first2=Seb |last2=Cubbon |date=June 23, 2021 |title=Disinformation exports: How foreign anti-vaccine narratives reached West African communities online |url=https://firstdraftnews.org/long-form-article/foreign-anti-vaccine-disinformation-reaches-west-africa/ |publisher=First Draft News |access-date=June 23, 2021 |archive-date=June 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623070135/https://firstdraftnews.org/long-form-article/foreign-anti-vaccine-disinformation-reaches-west-africa/ |url-status=live }}</ref>