Editing Crux (section)

===Various cultures===

In India, there is a story related to the creation of [[Trishanku|Trishanku Swarga]] (त्रिशंकु), meaning ''[[Chinese constellations#The Southern Asterisms (近南極星區)|Cross]]'' (Crux), created by Sage [[Vishvamitra|Vishwamitra]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pipanews.com/vishwamitra-created-the-parallel-universe-pipa-news/ | title=Vishwamitra created the parallel universe! PiPa News - PiPa News | date=28 May 2022 }}</ref>

In [[Chinese language|Chinese]], {{lang|zh|十字架}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Shí Zì Jià}}), meaning ''[[Chinese constellations#The Southern Asterisms (近南極星區)|Cross]]'', refers to an asterism consisting of γ Crucis, [[Alpha Crucis|α Crucis]], [[Beta Crucis|β Crucis]] and [[Delta Crucis|δ Crucis]].<ref>{{in lang|zh}} ''中國星座神話'', written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|9789867332257}}.</ref>

In [[Australian Aboriginal astronomy]], Crux and the [[Coalsack Nebula|Coalsack]] mark the head of the 'Emu in the Sky' (which is seen in the dark spaces rather than in the patterns of stars) in several [[Aboriginal cultures]],<ref>Norris, R. (2007): [http://www.emudreaming.com/Examples/emu.htm The Emu in the Sky] Australian Aboriginal Astronomy website. Retrieved 2 May 2013.</ref> while Crux itself is said to be a [[Phalangeriformes|possum]] sitting in a tree ([[Wergaia|Boorong people]] of the [[Wimmera]] region of northwestern Victoria), a representation of the sky deity Mirrabooka ([[Quandamooka people]] of [[Stradbroke Island]]), a stingray ([[Yolngu|Yolngu people]] of [[Arnhem Land]]), or an eagle ([[Kaurna|Kaurna people]] of the [[Adelaide Plains]]).<ref>Musgrave, I.: [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-02/may-sky-guide/7356040 May sky guide: The Eta Aquarid meteor shower, constellations and planets] ''ABC News'', 2 May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.</ref>  Two Pacific constellations also included [[Gamma Centauri]]. [[Torres Strait Islanders]] in modern-day Australia saw Gamma Centauri as the handle and the four stars as the left hand of Tagai, and the stars of Musca as the [[trident]] of the fishing spear he is holding. In [[Aranda people|Aranda]] traditions of central Australia, the four Cross stars are the talon of an [[eagle]] and Gamma Centauri as its leg.{{sfn|Staal|1988|p=249}}

Various peoples in the [[East Indies]] and Brazil viewed the four main stars as the body of a [[ray (fish)|ray.]]{{sfn|Staal|1988|p=249}} In both Indonesia and Malaysia, it is known as ''Bintang Pari'' and ''Buruj Pari'',<ref name="ASIM">{{Cite journal|last=Nurul Fatini Jaafar|year=2016|title=Kebudayaan Langit Pribumi Malayonesia|url=|journal=Kesturi|publisher=Akademi Sains Islam Malaysia|volume=26|issue=2|pages=|doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.24869.55520}}</ref> respectively ("ray stars"). This aquatic theme is also shared by an archaic name of the constellation in [[Vietnam]], where it was once known as ''sao Cá Liệt'' (the [[Leiognathidae|ponyfish]] star).<ref>{{cite book|url=http://vietnamtudien.org/dnqatv/page/n.html |title=Đại Nam quấc âm tự vị |language=vi |trans-title=Dictionnaire annamite |date=1895 |first1=Tịnh Của |last1=Huỳnh |quote=''Nam tào'': "tên sao chòm ở phía nam, cũng là sao cá liệt" ... – " the name of a constellation in the south, also known as the ponyfish star."}}</ref>

Among [[Filipino people]], the southern cross have various names pertaining to [[Spinning top|top]]s, including ''kasing'' ([[Visayan languages]]), ''paglong'' ([[Bikol language|Bikol]]), and ''pasil'' ([[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]). It is also called ''butiti'' ([[puffer fish]]) in [[Waray language|Waray]].<ref name="Mintz">{{cite journal |last1=Mintz |first1=Malcolm W. |title=Monograph 1: The Philippines at the Turn of the Sixteenth Century |journal=Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific |date=2021 |url=http://intersections.anu.edu.au/monograph1/mintz_cover.htm |access-date=2023-06-04 |archive-date=2023-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503153221/http://intersections.anu.edu.au/monograph1/mintz_cover.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Javanese people]] of Indonesia called this constellation ''Gubug pèncèng'' ("raking hut") or ''lumbung'' ("the granary"), because the shape of the constellation was like that of a [[raking hut]].<ref>{{cite journal |last = Daldjoeni |first = N. |year = 1984  |title = Pranatamangsa, the javanese agricultural calendar – Its bioclimatological and sociocultural function in developing rural life. |journal = The Environmentalist |volume = 4 |issue = S7 |pages=15–18 |doi=10.1007/BF01907286|bibcode = 1984ThEnv...4S..15D |s2cid = 189914684 }}</ref>

The Southern Cross ([[Alpha Crucis|α]], [[Beta Crucis|β]], [[Gamma Crucis|γ]] and [[Delta Crucis|δ Crucis]]) together with [[Mu Crucis|μ Crucis]] is one of the asterisms used by [[Bugis]] sailors for navigation, called ''bintoéng bola képpang'', meaning "incomplete house star"<ref name="kelley11">{{cite book|author1=Kelley, David H. |author2=Milone, Eugene F. |author3=Aveni, A.F. |title=Exploring Ancient Skies: A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astronomy|publisher=Springer|location=New York, New York|year=2011|page=344|isbn=978-1-4419-7623-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ILBuYcGASxcC&pg=PA307}}</ref>

The [[Māori language|Māori]] name for the Southern Cross is ''Māhutonga'' and it is thought of as the anchor (''Te Punga'') of Tama-rereti's ''[[waka (canoe)|waka]]'' (the [[Milky Way]]), while the Pointers are its rope.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maoridictionary.co.nz/index.cfm?wordID=10907 |title=Māori Dictionary; Waka o Tama-rereti, Te |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |access-date=4 February 2013}}</ref> In [[Tonga]] it is known as ''Toloa'' ("duck"); it is depicted as a duck flying south, with one of his wings ([[Delta Crucis|δ Crucis]]) wounded because ''Ongo tangata'' ("two men", [[α Centauri|α]] and [[β Centauri]]) threw a stone at it. The Coalsack is known as ''Humu'' (the "[[triggerfish]]"), because of its shape.{{sfn|Velt|1990}} In Samoa the constellation is called ''Sumu'' ("triggerfish") because of its rhomboid shape, while α and β Centauri are called ''Luatagata'' (Two Men), just as they are in Tonga. The peoples of the [[Solomon Islands]] saw several figures in the Southern Cross. These included a knee protector and a net used to catch [[Palolo worm]]s. Neighboring peoples in the [[Marshall Islands]] saw these stars as a fish.{{sfn|Staal|1988|p=249}} [[Malay Peninsula|Peninsular]] [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]] also see the likeness of a fish in the Crux, particularly the [[Scomberomorus]] or its local name ''Tohok''.<ref name="ASIM" />

In [[Mapudungun]], the language of Patagonian [[Mapuche]]s, the name of the Southern Cross is ''Melipal'', which means "four stars". In [[Quechua languages|Quechua]], the language of the [[Inca]] civilization, Crux is known as "[[Chakana]]", which means literally "stair" (''chaka'', bridge, link; ''hanan'', high, above), but carries a deep symbolism within Quechua mysticism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Article/941062 |title=Chakana: Inca Cross |date=23 June 2007 |access-date=9 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104121115/http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Article/941062 |archive-date=4 January 2012 }}</ref> Alpha and Beta Crucis make up one foot of the Great Rhea, a constellation encompassing [[Centaurus]] and [[Circinus]] along with the two bright stars. The Great Rhea was a constellation of the [[Bororo]] of Brazil. The [[Mocoví people]] of Argentina also saw a [[rhea (bird)|rhea]] including the stars of Crux. Their rhea is attacked by two dogs, represented by bright stars in Centaurus and Circinus. The dogs' heads are marked by [[Alpha Centauri|Alpha]] and [[Beta Centauri]]. The rhea's body is marked by the four main stars of Crux, while its head is [[Gamma Centauri]] and its feet are the bright stars of [[Musca]].{{sfn|Staal|1988|p=251}} The [[Bakairi people]] of Brazil had a sprawling constellation representing a bird snare. It included the bright stars of Crux, the southern part of Centaurus, Circinus, at least one star in [[Lupus (constellation)|Lupus]], the bright stars of Musca, [[Beta Chamaeleontis|Beta]] and the optical double star [[Delta Chamaeleontis|Delta<sup>1,2</sup> Chamaeleontis]]: and some of the stars of [[Volans]], and [[Mensa (constellation)|Mensa]].{{sfn|Staal|1988|p=250}} The [[Kalapalo people]] of [[Mato Grosso]] state in Brazil saw the stars of Crux as ''Aganagi'' angry bees having emerged from the Coalsack, which they saw as the beehive.<ref name="basso87">{{cite book|last=Basso|first=Ellen B. |title=In Favor of Deceit: A Study of Tricksters in an Amazonian Society|publisher=University of Arizona Press|location=Tucson, Arizona|date=1987|page=[https://archive.org/details/infavorofdeceits0000bass/page/360 360]|isbn=0816510229|url=https://archive.org/details/infavorofdeceits0000bass|url-access=registration}}</ref>

Among [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]]s, the four most visible stars of Crux are considered ''iggaren'', i.e. four ''[[Maerua crassifolia]]'' trees.<ref>{{Cite web|title=southern cross stars|url=http://iomcottages.com/ots8vb6u/aef346-southern-cross-stars|access-date=2021-02-02|website=iomcottages.com}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=southern cross stars|url=https://osipssausar.in/4jieznh/f17df4-southern-cross-stars|access-date=2021-02-02|website=osipssausar.in|archive-date=2021-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213073217/https://osipssausar.in/4jieznh/f17df4-southern-cross-stars|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=southern cross stars|url=https://makeyourhomestandout.com/zyili4/southern-cross-stars-db60d7|access-date=2021-02-02|website=makeyourhomestandout.com}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tselentis|first=Chris|date=2017-03-22|title=To the Land of Dreams: Crux|url=http://tothelandofdreams.blogspot.com/2017/03/crux.html|access-date=2021-02-02|website=To the Land of Dreams}}</ref> The [[Tswana people]] of [[Botswana]] saw the constellation as ''Dithutlwa'', two giraffes – Alpha and Beta Crucis forming a male, and Gamma and Delta forming the female.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Clegg|first=Andrew|year=1986|title=Some Aspects of Tswana Cosmology|journal=Botswana Notes and Records|volume=18|pages=33–37|jstor=40979758 }}</ref>