Editing Crinoid (section)

== Taxonomy ==
[[File:Colorful crinoids at shallow waters of Gili Lawa Laut.JPG|thumb|upright|Colorful crinoids in shallow waters in Indonesia]]
[[File:Multiple crinoids occupying the reef of Nusa Kode Island.JPG|thumb|upright|Multiple crinoids on a reef in Indonesia]]
[[File:Pretty crinoid, trailblazer, wakatobi, 2018 (30873153967).jpg|thumb|Crinoid at [[Wakatobi National Park]], 2018]]

Crinoidea has been accepted as a distinct [[clade]] of echinoderms since the definition of the group by Miller in 1821.<ref name=Ausich2015/> It includes many extinct orders as well as four closely related living orders ([[Comatulida]], [[Cyrtocrinida]], [[Hyocrinida]], and [[Isocrinida]]), which are part of the subgroup [[Articulata (Crinoidea)|Articulata]]. Living articulates comprise around 540 species.

* Class Crinoidea
** †[[Protocrinoidea]] (''[[incertae sedis]]'')
** Subclass †[[Camerata (crinoid)|Camerata]]
*** Order †[[Diplobathrida]]
*** Order †[[Monobathrida]]
** Subclass [[Pentacrinoidea]]
*** Parvclass †[[Disparida]]
**** Order †[[Eustenocrinida]]
**** Order †[[Maennilicrinida]]
**** Order †[[Tetragonocrinida]]
**** Order †[[Calceocrinida]]
*** Parvclass [[Cladida]]
**** Superorder †[[Porocrinoidea]]
***** Order †[[Hybocrinida]]
***** Order †[[Porocrinida]]
**** Superorder †[[Flexibilia]]
***** Order †[[Sagenocrinida]]
***** Order †[[Taxocrinida]]
**** Magnorder [[Eucladida]]
***** †[[Ampelocrinida]] (''[[incertae sedis]]'')
***** Superorder †[[Cyathoformes]]
***** Superorder [[Articulata (Crinoidea)|Articulata]]
****** Order †[[Encrinida]]
****** Order †[[Holocrinida]]
****** Order †[[Millericrinida]]
****** Order †[[Roveacrinida]]
****** Order †[[Uintacrinida]]
****** Order [[Comatulida]]
****** Order [[Cyrtocrinida]]
****** Order [[Hyocrinida]]
****** Order [[Isocrinida]]

===Phylogeny===

The [[phylogeny]], geologic history, and classification of the [[Crinoidea]] was discussed by Wright et al. (2017).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Wright, David F. |author2=Ausich, William I. |author3=Cole, Selina R. |author4=Peter, Mark E. |author5=Rhenberg, Elizabeth C. | year=2017 |title= Phylogenetic taxonomy and classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata) |journal= Journal of Paleontology |volume=91 |issue= 4|pages= 829–846|doi=10.1017/jpa.2016.142|doi-access=free |bibcode=2017JPal...91..829W }}</ref> These authors presented new phylogeny-based and rank-based classifications based on results of recent phylogenetic analyses.<ref name=Ausich2015>{{cite journal |author1=Ausich, William I. |author2=Kammer, Thomas W. |author3=Rhenberg, Elizabeth C. |author4=Wright, David F. |year=2015 |title= Early phylogeny of crinoids within the pelmatozoan clade |journal= Palaeontology |volume= 58 |issue= 6 |pages= 937–952 |doi=10.1111/pala.12204|doi-access=free |bibcode=2015Palgy..58..937A }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Wright, David F. | year=2017 |title= Bayesian estimation of fossil phylogenies and the evolution of early to middle Paleozoic crinoids (Echinodermata) |journal= Journal of Paleontology |volume= 91 |issue= 4|pages= 799–814|doi=10.1017/jpa.2016.141|doi-access= free | bibcode=2017JPal...91..799W }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Cole, Selina R. | year=2017 |title= Phylogeny and morphologic evolution of the Ordovician Camerata (Class Crinoidea, Phylum Echinodermata) |journal= Journal of Paleontology |volume= 91 |issue= 4|pages= 815–828|doi=10.1017/jpa.2016.137|doi-access= free | bibcode=2017JPal...91..815C }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Rouse, Greg W. |author2=Jermiin, Lars S. |author3=Wilson, Nerida G. |author4=Eeckhaut, Igor |author5=Lanterbecq, Deborah |author6=Oji, Tatsuo |author7=Young, Craig M. |author8=Browning, Teena |author9=Cisternas, Paula |author10=Helgen, Lauren E. |author11=Stuckey, Michelle |author12=Messing, Charles G. |year=2013 |title= Fixed, free, and fixed: the fickle phylogeny of extant Crinoidea (Echinodermata) and their Permian-Triassic origin |journal= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume= 66 |issue= 6|pages= 161–181 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.018|pmid=23063883 |bibcode=2013MolPE..66..161R }}</ref> Their rank-based classification of crinoid higher taxa (down to Order), not fully resolved and with numerous groups ''[[incertae sedis]]'' (of uncertain placement), is illustrated in the [[cladogram]].

{{clade
|label1='''Crinoidea'''
|1={{clade
   |1=† [[Protocrinoidea]] (''[[incertae sedis]]'')
   |label2=† [[Camerata (crinoid)|Camerata]]
   |2={{clade
      |label1=† [[Eucamerata]]
      |1={{clade 
         |1=† [[Diplobathrida]] 
         |2=† [[Monobathrida]] [[File:Actinocrinus indiana 330m.jpg|50px]]
         }}
      }}
   |label3=[[Pentacrinoidea]]
   |3={{clade
      |label1=[[Inadunata]]
      |1={{clade
         |label1=[[Disparida]]
         |1={{clade
            |1=[[Eustenocrinida]] 
            |2=[[Maennilicrinida]] 
            |3=[[Tetragonocrinida]] 
            |4=[[Calceocrinida]]
            |5='[[Homocrinida]]'  (''[[incertae sedis]]'')
            |6='[[Myelodactyla]]' (''[[incertae sedis]]'')
            |7='[[Pisocrinoidea]]' (''[[incertae sedis]]'')
            }}
         |label2=[[Cladida]]
         |2={{clade
            |label1=[[Porocrinoidea]]
            |1={{clade
               |1=[[Porocrinida]]
               |2=[[Hybocrinida]]
               }}
            |label2=[[Flexibilia]]
            |2={{clade
               |1=[[Taxocrinida]] [[File:Taxocrinus telleri.jpg|60px]]
               |2=[[Sagenocrinida]] 
               }}
            |label3=[[Eucladida]]
            |3={{clade
               |label1=[[Cyathoformes]]
               |1={{clade
                  |1='[[Cyathocrinida]]' (''[[incertae sedis]]'')
                  |2='[[Dendrocrinida]]'  (''[[incertae sedis]]'')
                  |3='[[Poteriocrinida]]' (''[[incertae sedis]]'')
                  |4=† '[[Ampelocrinida]]'  (''[[incertae sedis]]'')
                  }}
               |label2=[[Articulata (Crinoidea)|Articulata]] 
               |2={{clade
                  |1=[[Holocrinida]] 
                  |2=† [[Encrinida]] [[File:Encrinus liliiformis.JPG|70px]]
                  |3=[[Millericrinida]] [[File:Seirocrinus subsingularis, view 2, Jurassic, Hlzmaden Black Shale Formation, Holzmaden, Germany.JPG|60px]]
                  |4=[[Uintacrinida]] 
                  |5=[[Roveacrinida]] 
                  |6=[[Cyrtocrinida]] [[File:Holopus.jpg|70px]] 
                  |7=[[Hyocrinida]] [[File:Hyocrinus sp.jpg|60px]]
                  |8=[[Isocrinida]] [[File:Neocrinus decorus.jpg|60px]]
                  |9=[[Comatulida]] [[File:Comasteridae - Oxycomanthus bennetti-003.jpg|60px]]
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}
<!-- SPARES - (THESE ORDERS ALREADY HAVE IMAGES - WILL BE USEFUL IF WE GO DOWN TO FAMILIES LATER)
[[File:Antedon mediterranea (Lamarck, 1816).jpg|70px]] Antedonidae COMATULIDA
[[File:Sarametra triserialis.jpg|70px]]  |[[Zenometridae]] COMATULIDA
[[File:Cenometra bella Maldives.JPG|70px]]  |[[Colobometridae]] COMATULIDA
[[File:Himerometridae - Himerometra robustipinna-001.jpg|70px]] |[[Himerometridae]] COMATULIDA
[[File:Stephanometra indica, Lizard.jpeg|70px]] |[[Mariametridae]] COMATULIDA
[[File:Ptilometra australis Passion Flower feather star.jpg|70px]]  |[[Ptilometridae]] COMATULIDA
[[File:Elegant feather star at Glencairn Fan Gardens P9078452.JPG|70px]]  |[[Tropiometridae]] COMATULIDA
[[File:Guillecrinus neocaledonicus.jpg|70px]] |[[Guillecrinidae]] INCERTAE SEDIS 
[[File:Proisocrinus ruberrimus.jpg|70px]] |[[Proisocrinidae]] ANOTHER ISOCRINIDA
[[File:Metacrinus rotundus by OpenCage.JPG|70px]] |[[Isselicrinidae]] ISOCRINIDA
[[File:Vivid Crinoids.jpg|70px]]  |[[Charitometridae]] ANOTHER COMATULIDA
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