Editing Conduct disorder (section)

===Cognitive factors===
In terms of cognitive function, intelligence and cognitive deficits are common amongst youths with conduct disorder, particularly those with early-onset and have intelligence quotients (IQ) one standard deviation below the mean<ref>Lynham, D. & Henry, B. (2001). The role of neuropsychological deficits in conduct disorders. In J. Hill & B. Maughan (Eds.), ''Conduct disorders in childhood and adolescence'' (pp.235-263). New York: Cambridge University Press.</ref> and severe deficits in verbal reasoning and [[Executive functions|executive function]].<ref>Moffitt, T. & Lynam, D. (1994). The neuropsychology of conduct disorder and delinquency: Implications for understanding antisocial behavior. In D.C. Fowles, P. Sutker, & S.H. Goodman (Eds.), ''Progress in experimental personality and psychopathology research'' (pp. 233-262). New York: Springer.</ref> Executive function difficulties may manifest in terms of one's ability to shift between tasks, plan as well as organize, and also inhibit a prepotent response. These findings hold true even after taking into account other variables such as socioeconomic status (SES), and education. However, IQ and executive function deficits are only one piece of the puzzle, and the magnitude of their influence is increased during transactional processes with environmental factors.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Pennington B. |author2=Benneto L. | year = 1993 | title = Main effects or transactions in the neuropsychology of conduct disorder? Commentary on "The neuropsychology of conduct disorder | journal = Development and Psychopathology | volume = 5 | issue = 1–2| pages = 153–164 | doi=10.1017/s0954579400004314|s2cid=145599127 }}</ref>