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===Invertebrates and other prey=== When common buzzards feed on invertebrates, these are chiefly [[earthworm]]s, [[beetle]]s and [[caterpillar]]s in Europe and largely seemed to be preyed on by juvenile buzzards with less refined hunting skills or in areas with mild winters and ample swarming or social insects. In most dietary studies, invertebrates are at best a minor supplemental contributor to the buzzard's diet.<ref name= Cramp/><ref name= Sotnar/> Nonetheless, roughly a dozen beetle species have found in the foods of buzzards from [[Ukraine]] alone.<ref name= Redinov/> In winter in northeastern Spain, it was found that the buzzards switched largely from the vertebrate prey typically taken during spring and summer to a largely [[insect]]-based diet. Most of this prey was unidentified but the most frequently identified were [[European mantis]] (''Mantis religiosa'') and [[European mole cricket]] (''Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa'').<ref name= Manosa/> In [[Ukraine]], 30.8% of the food by number was found to be [[insect]]s.<ref name= Redinov/> Especially in winter quarters such as southern Africa, common buzzards are often attracted to swarming [[locust]]s and other orthopterans.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/><ref name= Steyn/> In this way the steppe buzzard may mirror a similar long-distance migrant from the Americas, the [[Swainson's hawk]], which feeds its young largely on nutritious vertebrates but switches to a largely insect-based once the reach their distant wintering grounds in [[South America]].<ref name= Bildstein/> In [[Eritrea]], 18 returning migrant steppe buzzards were seen to feed together on swarms of [[grasshopper]]s.<ref>Ash, C. P., & Atkins, J. D. (2009). ''Birds of Ethiopia and Eritrea: an atlas of distribution''. A&C Black.</ref> For wintering steppe buzzards in [[Zimbabwe]], one source went so far as to refer to them as primarily insectivorous, apparently being somewhat locally specialized to feeding on [[termite]]s.<ref>Irwin, M. P. S. (1981). ''The birds of Zimbabwe''. Quest Pub.</ref> Stomach contents in buzzards from [[Malawi]] apparently consisted largely of [[grasshopper]]s (alternately with [[lizard]]s).<ref>Long, R. C. (1960). ''The birds of the Port Herald District.(Part I)''. Ostrich, 31(3), 85β104.</ref> [[Fish]] tend to be the rarest class of prey found in the common buzzard's foods. There are a couple cases of predation of fish detected in the [[Netherlands]], while elsewhere they have been known to have fed upon [[European eel|eels]] and [[Common carp|carp]].<ref name= Bijlsma/><ref>Neuvel, J. & Winters, B. (1987). ''[Buzzard Buteo buteo eats eel]''. Limosa, 60: 149.</ref><ref>Maczkowski, K. & Tryjanowski, P. (1993). ''Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the food of buzzard (Buteo buteo)''. Przeglad Przyrodniczy, 42: 76.</ref>
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