Editing Cilium (section)

==Ciliogenesis==
{{Main|Ciliogenesis}}
Cilia are formed through the process of [[ciliogenesis]]. An early step is docking of the basal body to the growing ciliary membrane, after which the transition zone forms. The building blocks of the ciliary axoneme, such as [[tubulins]], are added at the ciliary tips through a process that depends partly on [[intraflagellar transport]] (IFT).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Johnson KA, Rosenbaum JL | title = Polarity of flagellar assembly in Chlamydomonas | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 119 | issue = 6 | pages = 1605–11 | date = December 1992 | pmid = 1281816 | pmc = 2289744 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.119.6.1605 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hao L, Thein M, Brust-Mascher I, Civelekoglu-Scholey G, Lu Y, Acar S, Prevo B, Shaham S, Scholey JM | title = Intraflagellar transport delivers tubulin isotypes to sensory cilium middle and distal segments | journal = Nature Cell Biology | volume = 13 | issue = 7 | pages = 790–98 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21642982 | pmc = 3129367 | doi = 10.1038/ncb2268 }}</ref> Exceptions include ''Drosophila'' sperm and ''[[Plasmodium falciparum]]'' flagella formation, in which cilia assemble in the cytoplasm.<ref>[http://www.pandasthumb.org/archives/2007/06/of_cilia_and_si.html Of cilia and silliness (more on Behe) – The Panda's Thumb] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017161257/http://pandasthumb.org/archives/2007/06/of_cilia_and_si.html |date=17 October 2007 }}</ref>

At the base of the cilium where it attaches to the cell body is the [[microtubule organizing center]], the [[basal body]]. Some basal body proteins as [[CEP164]], [[ODF2]]<ref name="entrez2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ishikawa H, Kubo A, Tsukita S, Tsukita S | title = Odf2-deficient mother centrioles lack distal/subdistal appendages and the ability to generate primary cilia | journal = Nature Cell Biology | volume = 7 | issue = 5 | pages = 517–24 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15852003 | doi = 10.1038/ncb1251 | s2cid = 35443570 }}</ref>
and [[CEP170]],<ref name="edoc">{{cite thesis | last = Lamla | first = Stefan | name-list-style = vanc | title = Functional characterisation of the centrosomal protein Cep170| url = http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9783/| date = 2009-01-22| publisher = Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München| type = Ph.D. }}</ref> are required for the formation and the stability of the cilium.

In effect, the cilium is a [[Molecular machine|nanomachine]] composed of perhaps over 600 proteins in molecular complexes, many of which also function independently as nanomachines.  [[Flexible linker]]s allow the 
[[Protein domain#Domains and protein flexibility|mobile protein domains]]
connected by them to recruit their binding partners and induce 
long-range [[allostery]] via 
[[Protein dynamics#Global flexibility: multiple domains|protein domain dynamics]].<ref name="Satir2008"/>