Editing Chinese Indonesians (section)

=== Gender and kinship ===
{{See also|Chinese Indonesian surname|Peranakan Chinese}}
[[File:Cina Benteng wedding.jpg|thumb|right|230px|[[Benteng Chinese]] wedding in Jakarta, 2012. Benteng people are one of Peranakan community that still exist until today, mostly concentrated in [[Tangerang]], Jakarta and its outskirt area.]]
[[Kinship]] structure in the ''totok'' community follows the [[Patrilineality|patrilineal]], [[Patrilocal residence|patrilocal]], and [[Patriarchy|patriarchal]] traditions of Chinese society, a practice which has lost emphasis in ''peranakan'' familial relationships. Instead, kinship patterns in indigenized families have incorporated elements of [[Matrilocal residence|matrilocal]], [[Matrilineality|matrilineal]], and [[Matriarchy|matrifocal]] traditions found in Javanese society. Within this community, both sons and daughters can inherit the family fortune, including ancestral tablets and ashes.{{sfn|Dawis|2009|p=77}} Political, social, and economic authority in ''peranakan'' families is more evenly distributed between the two genders than in ''totok'' families. Kin terms do not distinguish between maternal and paternal relatives and [[polygyny]] is strongly frowned upon. Western influence in ''peranakan'' society is evidenced by the high proportion of childless couples. Those who did have children also had fewer of them than "''totok''" couples.{{sfn|Skinner|1963|p=107}}

Despite their break from traditional kinship patterns, ''peranakan'' families are closer to some traditional Chinese values than the ''totok''. Because the indigenized population have lost much of the connection to their ancestral homes in the coastal provinces of China, they are less affected by the 20th-century modernization patterns that transformed the region. The ''peranakan'' have a stricter attitude toward divorce, though the separation rates among families in both segments are generally lower than other ethnic groups. [[Arranged marriage]]s are more common in ''peranakan'' families, whose relationships tend to be more [[Nepotism|nepotistic]]. Secularization among the ''totok'' meant that their counterparts carry out ancestral rituals to a higher degree, and ''peranakan'' youth tend to be more religious. Through education provided by high-quality Catholic and Protestant schools, these youth are much more likely to convert to Christianity.{{sfn|Skinner|1963|p=108}}

In the 21st century, the conceptual differences of ''totok'' and ''peranakan'' Chinese are slowly becoming outdated as some families show a mixture of characteristics from both cultures.{{sfn|Dawis|2009|p=80}} [[Interracial marriage]] and cultural assimilation often prevent the formation a precise definition of Chinese Indonesians in line with any simple racial criterion. Use of a [[Chinese surname]], in some form or circumstance, is generally a sign of cultural self-identification as ethnic Chinese or alignment with a Chinese social system.{{sfn|Skinner|1963|p=97}}