Editing Cherbourg (section)

===Origins and toponymy===
The date of Foundation of Cherbourg can not be set precisely, although several local historians, including Robert Lerouvillois, trace the origin of the city to Coriallo (for *''Coriovallo'') of the [[Unelli]]. According to [[Pierre-Yves Lambert]], the Celtic element ''corio-'' means "army, troop" and the element ''vallo-'' similar to the Latin ''vallum'', would be "rampart, fortification".<ref>{{cite book|first=Pierre-Yves|last=Lambert|title=La Langue gauloise|publisher=édition Errance|year=2002|isbn=2-87772-224-4}}</ref>

Mentioned on the ''[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]'' (c. 365), in the [[Antonine Itinerary]] and the ''Gesta'' de [[Wandregisel|Fontenelle]] ("In pago Coriovallinse", 747-753), ''Coriallo'', Latinised then as ''Coriallum'', hosted a Roman garrison during the late [[Roman Empire]], and the recovered remains would be the village between Cherbourg and [[Tourlaville]], on the Mielles.<ref name=fondation>{{cite book|first=Jacqueline|last=Vastel|title=La fondation de Cherbourg|year=1998|url=http://www.ville-cherbourg.fr/fr/tourisme_decouverte/histoire_de_la_ville/histoire_de_la_ville/histoire_de_cherbourg/fichiers/fondation_de_ch.pdf|id=ville de Cherbourg-Octeville|access-date=20 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120204704/http://www.ville-cherbourg.fr/fr/tourisme_decouverte/histoire_de_la_ville/histoire_de_la_ville/histoire_de_cherbourg/fichiers/fondation_de_ch.pdf|archive-date=20 November 2008|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The Cotentin Peninsula was the first territory conquered by the [[Vikings]] in their ninth century invasion. They developed Cherbourg as a port. After the Anglo-Scandinavian settlement, a new name appeared there in a still Latinised form: ''Carusburg Castellum'' (1026-1027, Fauroux 58) then ''Carisburg'' (1056–1066, Fauroux 214), ''Chiersburg'' ([[William of Jumièges]], v. 1070), ''Chieresburg'' ([[Wace]], ''[[Roman de Rou]]'', v. 1175).<ref name="beaurepaire">{{cite book|first=François|last=de Beaurepaire|title=Les noms des communes et anciennes paroisses de la Manche|publisher=Éd. Picard|location=Paris|year=1986}}</ref> ''Carusburg'' would mean "fortress of the marsh" in [[Old Norse]] ''kjarr'' (marsh), and ''[[town|borg]]'' (castle, fortified town)<ref>René Lepelley, cited by Jacqueline Vastel, ''op. cit.''</ref> or "city of the marais" in [[Old English]] ''ker'' (bog) and ''burgh'' (town). The element ''kjarr'' / ''ker'' is also found in Normandy in [[Villequier]] and [[Gonfreville-l'Orcher|Orcher]]. According to François de Beaurepaire, it comes rather from the Old English ''chiriche'' (spelled ''ċiriċe'', Church) or [tch] is reduced to [s], as the commune of [[Chirbury]], in the County of [[Shropshire]], formerly also spelled ''Chirichburig'' (915) and ''Chiresbir'' (1226).<ref name="beaurepaire" />

The name of Octeville appears meanwhile, in 1063, in a Charter of [[William the Conqueror]] about allocations made to the Collegiate Church of Cherbourg.<ref name="hist-oct">{{cite web|url=http://www.ville-cherbourg.fr/fr/tourisme_decouverte/histoire_de_la_ville/histoire_de_la_ville/histoire_docteville/default.asp|title=Histoire d'Octeville: quelques temps forts|work=ville de Cherbourg-Octeville|access-date=20 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614120701/http://www.ville-cherbourg.fr/fr/tourisme_decouverte/histoire_de_la_ville/histoire_de_la_ville/histoire_docteville/default.asp|archive-date=14 June 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It means: "the rural area of ''Otti''", a [[Scandinavia]]n male name also found in [[Octeville-l'Avenel]], [[Octeville-sur-Mer]] and [[Walesby, Lincolnshire|Otby]] (Lincolnshire, ''Ottebi'', 11th century).

Cherbourg is also the name of a [[Township (Canada)|Canadian township]], located between [[Matane]] and [[Les Méchins, Quebec|Les Méchins]], which gave its name to the communes of Saint-Thomas-de-Cherbourg, merged in 1954 into Les Méchins, and [[Saint-Jean-de-Cherbourg, Quebec|Saint-Jean-de-Cherbourg]]. This name, including the proclamation date of 7 May 1864, could be due to the impact by the local newspapers of the inauguration of the military port by [[Napoleon III]] in 1858.<ref>{{citation|title=Noms et lieux du Québec|work=Commission de toponymie|id=1994-1996}}</ref> Cherbourg is also the name of a town in [[Queensland]], Australia.