Editing Castration (section)

==Torture and war crimes==
[[File:Italian military emasculated Second Italo-Ethiopian War.jpg|thumb|right|An Italian soldier who was castrated and emasculated during the [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War]].]]

Castration and other forms of [[male genital mutilation]] have been practiced against enemy soldiers and civilians from ancient times to the twenty-first century.<ref name=Myrttinen>{{cite book |last1=Myrttinen |first1=Henri |chapter=Languages of castration – male genital mutilation in conflict and its embedded messages|pages=72, 79 |title=Sexual Violence Against Men in Global Politics |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-45647-8 |language=en}}</ref> Sometimes it is practiced against living boys and men and other times against corpses.<ref name=Myrttinen/>

The castration of defeated enemies and the taking of body parts as trophies were traditional in [[Ethiopia]],<ref>{{cite book |first=Reidulf Knut |last=Molvaer |title=Socialization and social control in Ethiopia |publisher=[[Otto Harrassowitz Verlag]] |year=1995 |page=104}}</ref> and Ethiopian forces practiced castration and emasculation during the [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War]] (1935–1937).<ref>{{cite book |last=Antonicelli |first=Franco |series=Reprints Einaudi |number=32 |title=Trent'anni di storia italiana: dall'antifascismo alla Resistenza (1915–1945) lezioni con testimonianze |language=it |trans-title=Thirty Years of Italian History: From Antifascism to the Resistance (1915–1945) Lessons with Testimonials |year=1975 |publisher=[[Giulio Einaudi Editore]] |location=[[Torino]] |page=79 |oclc=878595757}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Zamorani |first=Massimo |title=La strage della "Gondrand" |trans-title=The "Gondrand" massacre |journal=Storia Militare |volume=XXI |issue=236 |date=May 2013 |pages=37–39 |language=it}}</ref> Italian aviator [[Tito Minniti]] was allegedly one victim of this practice.<ref>Declaration of Abdel Mohsein El Uisci in the Dossier "ASD – MAE Etiopia Fondo Guerra, 131/34" given to the League of Nations by the Italian government</ref>

One British RAF officer, G. C. Gardiner DSO DFC, is recorded as having been castrated after a crash landing in Syria.<ref>Richardson, F. C. ''Man Is Not Lost: the Log of a Pioneer RAF Pilot/Navigator 1933–1946'' 1997 p.113 
 ISBN 1853108685</ref> During the [[Mau Mau uprising]], there were reported instances of British security forces castrating Kenyan detainees in [[List of British concentration camps during the Mau Mau Uprising|internment camps]].<ref name=Myrttinen/>

A video released during the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] appeared to show Russian soldiers castrating a Ukrainian captive with a [[box cutter]]. This led to a wave of international condemnation against the Russian military for its use of torture in wartime.<ref name="Ukraine">{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-prisoner-castration-video-sparks-horrified-reaction-2022-7 |last=Jankowicz |first=Mia |title=Zelenskyy aide says Russia must pay after horrific video appears to show captive soldier being castrated |website=[[Business Insider|Insider]] |department=News |date=29 July 2022 |publisher=[[Insider Inc.]] |access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> Many other cases of Russian troops castrating Ukrainian prisoners of war have also emerged.<ref>{{cite news |last=Barber |first=Harriet |date=28 November 2022 |title=Castration, gang-rape, forced nudity: How Russia's soldiers terrorise Ukraine with sexual violence |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/how-russian-soldiers-terrorise-ukraine-sexual-violence/ |work=The Telegraph |access-date=20 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lamb |first=Christina |date=17 June 2023 |title=She thought she was unshockable, then two castrated Ukrainian soldiers arrived |url= https://www.thetimes.com/world/russia-ukraine-war/article/ukraine-soldiers-castrated-russia-war-0hflzhzlv |work=[[The Times]]|access-date=20 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Luckhurst |first=Josh |date=18 June 2023 |title= Ukrainian prisoners of war return having been castrated by drunken Russian soldiers |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/ukrainian-prisoners-war-return-having-30261093 |work=The Mirror |access-date=20 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=20 June 2023|title='Worse than hell': Castrated Ukrainian soldier details months of torture as a prisoner of war |url=https://www.news.com.au/world/europe/worse-than-hell-castrated-ukrainian-soldier-details-months-of-torture-as-a-prisoner-of-war/news-story/e1e137782ce73e85714ed358292f03e3|access-date=20 July 2023}}</ref> According to the [[Prosecutor|prosecutors]], 101 cases of sexual violence against Ukrainian men by occupying Russian forces have been recorded, including 50 in the [[Kherson]] region. But this is almost certainly a vast undercount, since experts say men are often reluctant to report sexual violence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russian soldiers torturing their Ukrainian counterparts |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/rape-electric-shocks-and-threats-of-castration-what-four-ukrainian-men-endured-under-russian-occupation |last1=Korniichuk |first1=Yana |last2=Babinets |first2=Anna |last3=Lozovsky |first3=Ilya |date=2 April 2024 |website=Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project |access-date= 2 June 2024}}</ref> 

When Ukrainian cities were liberated, numerous abuses by Russian forces were exposed, including castrations, in attempts to terrorize and demoralize the Ukrainian population to break their will to fight.<ref>{{cite interview |last=Brancati |first=Dawn |title=Sexual Violence in the Russian Invasion of the Ukraine |work= ISS Reflections Series |date=12 April 2022 |publisher=Yale Jackson School of Global Affairs |url=https://jackson.yale.edu/iss/iss-reflections/sexual-violence-in-the-russian-invasion-of-the-ukraine/ |access-date=20 July 2023}}</ref>