Editing Carnegie Hall (section)

=== Preservation ===
By the 1950s, changes in the music business prompted Simon to sell the hall. In April 1955, Simon negotiated with the [[New York Philharmonic]], which booked a majority of the hall's concerts each year.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Taubman|first=Howard|author-link=Howard Taubman|date=April 28, 1955|title=Orchestra to Bid on Carnegie Hall; Philharmonic May Lose Old Home Unless It Buys|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/04/28/archives/orchestra-to-bid-on-carnegie-hall-philharmonic-may-lose-old-home.html|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=May 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530193337/https://www.nytimes.com/1955/04/28/archives/orchestra-to-bid-on-carnegie-hall-philharmonic-may-lose-old-home.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The orchestra intended to move to [[Lincoln Center]] once it had been built (at the time, plans to build it were still at an early stage).<ref name="NY1960">{{cite NY1960|pages=1112–1113}}</ref>  Simon notified the Philharmonic that he would terminate the lease by 1959 if it did not purchase Carnegie Hall.<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 18, 1955|title=World of Music: Philharmonic Problem; Termination of the Carnegie Lease May Force Orchestra to Vacate in 1959|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/09/18/archives/world-of-music-philharmonic-problem-termination-of-the-carnegie.html|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=June 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626153841/https://www.nytimes.com/1955/09/18/archives/world-of-music-philharmonic-problem-termination-of-the-carnegie.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In mid-1955, longtime employee John Totten organized a fundraising drive to prevent the demolition of Carnegie Hall.<ref>{{Cite news|date=June 2, 1955|title=Drive Set to Bar Sale of Carnegie; Hall's Superintendent Seeks Aid of Public to Prevent Destruction of Building|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/06/02/archives/drive-set-to-bar-sale-of-carnegie-halls-superintendent-seeks-aid-of.html|access-date=August 19, 2021|archive-date=August 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819182524/https://www.nytimes.com/1955/06/02/archives/drive-set-to-bar-sale-of-carnegie-halls-superintendent-seeks-aid-of.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Meanwhile, the Academy of Dramatic Arts had moved out of the basement recital hall in 1954. The Academy's former space was rented for the time being to other tenants.<ref name="nyt19980103" /><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 733" />

Simon sold the entire stock of Carnegie Hall, Inc., the venue's legal owner, to a commercial developer, the Glickman Corporation, in July 1956 for $5 million.<ref name="NY1960" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Fowler|first=Glenn|date=July 25, 1956|title=Music Landmark Brings 5 Million; Buyer of Carnegie Hall Offers to Resell to Orchestra but May Tear It Down Society Hopes to Move|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1956/07/25/archives/music-landmark-brings-5-million-buyer-of-carnegie-hall-offers-to.html|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=June 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626153841/https://www.nytimes.com/1956/07/25/archives/music-landmark-brings-5-million-buyer-of-carnegie-hall-offers-to.html|url-status=live}}</ref> With the Philharmonic ready to move to Lincoln Center, the building was slated to be replaced by a 44-story skyscraper designed by Pomerance and Breines.<ref name=nyt19570808 /> The replacement tower would have had a red facade and would have been constructed on stilts, with art exhibits and other cultural facilities at the base.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=A red tower replacing Carnegie Hall|magazine=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UT8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA91|date=September 9, 1957|page=91|access-date=September 23, 2019|archive-date=July 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727174348/https://books.google.com/books?id=UT8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=nyt19570808>{{Cite news|last=Callahan|first=John P.|date=August 8, 1957|title=Red Tower Is Set for Carnegie Site; a Forty-four-story Office Building Is to Be Built Where Carnegie Hall Now Stands|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/08/08/archives/red-tower-is-set-for-carnegie-site-a-fortyfourstory-office-building.html|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=March 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331164000/https://www.nytimes.com/1957/08/08/archives/red-tower-is-set-for-carnegie-site-a-fortyfourstory-office-building.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|date=September 1957|title=Red-and-gold Checks|url=https://usmodernist.org/AF/AF-1957-09.pdf|journal=Architectural Forum|volume=107|page=43|access-date=December 17, 2020|archive-date=February 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227120503/https://usmodernist.org/AF/AF-1957-09.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> However, Glickman was unable to come up with the $22 million that the construction budget for the skyscraper called for.<ref name="NY1960" /> This, combined with delays in Lincoln Center's construction, prompted Glickman to decline an [[Option (finance)|option]] to buy the building itself in July 1958.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Schonberg|first=Harold C.|author-link=Harold C. Schonberg|date=July 4, 1958|title=Longer Life Won by Carnegie Hall; Glickman Drops Plan to Buy Building as the Site for Big Red Skyscraper Property Off Market Decision Is Due on Whether Philharmonic Will Stay Till New Home Is Ready|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1958/07/04/archives/longer-life-won-by-carnegie-hall-glickman-drops-plan-to-buy.html|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=June 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626153842/https://www.nytimes.com/1958/07/04/archives/longer-life-won-by-carnegie-hall-glickman-drops-plan-to-buy.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=July 21, 1958|title=Plan to Raze Old Carnegie Hall Is Off: Realtor Drops Option on Landmark in New York|page=3|newspaper=The Sun|id={{ProQuest|540427905}}}}</ref>

Meanwhile, soon after the sale, Simon started planning how to preserve the hall, and approached some of its resident artists-in-residence for help. Violinist [[Isaac Stern]] enlisted his friends Jacob M. and Alice Kaplan, as well as J. M. Kaplan Fund administrator Raymond S. Rubinow, for assistance in saving the hall.<ref name="NY1960" /> In 1959, two hundred residents of Carnegie Hall's studios were asked if they wanted to buy the building.<ref>{{cite news|last=Molleson|first=John|date=June 17, 1959|title=Bids Residents Buy Carnegie Hall: Studio Tenant Urges 200 to Gel Together to Avert Demolition|page=12|newspaper=New York Herald Tribune|id={{ProQuest|1323977017}}}}</ref> Stern, the Kaplans, and Rubinow ultimately decided that the best move would be for the city government to become involved.<ref name="NY1960" /> The move gained support from mayor [[Robert F. Wagner Jr.]], who created a taskforce to save Carnegie Hall in early 1960,<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 31, 1960|title=New Unit Formed to Save Carnegie; Society Would Lease Hall if City Can Acquire It|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1960/03/31/archives/new-unit-formed-to-save-carnegie-society-would-lease-hall-if-city.html|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=August 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814231126/https://www.nytimes.com/1960/03/31/archives/new-unit-formed-to-save-carnegie-society-would-lease-hall-if-city.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Molleson|first=John|date=March 31, 1960|title=Mayor Aids Plan to Save Carnegie Hall: Pledges 'Fast Work' To Back Committee|page=19|newspaper=New York Herald Tribune|id={{ProQuest|1325120353}}}}</ref> but Simon and his co-owners still filed eviction notices against some studio tenants.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Talese|first=Gay|author-link=Gay Talese|date=April 30, 1960|title=Evictions Fought at Carnegie Hall; Landlord Presses Cases Despite City Plan to Save Famous Music House|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1960/04/30/archives/evictions-fought-at-carnegie-hall-landlord-presses-cases-despite.html|access-date=August 20, 2021|archive-date=August 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820145555/https://www.nytimes.com/1960/04/30/archives/evictions-fought-at-carnegie-hall-landlord-presses-cases-despite.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The same year, special legislation was passed allowing the city government to buy the site from Simon for $5&nbsp;million, and Simon used the money to establish [[Reston, Virginia]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=McFadden|first=Robert D.|date=September 21, 2015|title=Robert E. Simon Jr., Who Created a Town, Reston, Va., Dies at 101|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/22/realestate/communities/robert-e-simon-jr-founder-of-reston-va-dies-at-101.html|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=May 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524030217/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/22/realestate/communities/robert-e-simon-jr-founder-of-reston-va-dies-at-101.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The city leased the hall to the Carnegie Hall Corporation, a nonprofit organization formed to run the venue.<ref name="NY1960" /> For 15 years, the Carnegie Hall Corporation paid the New York City government $183,600 in cash. Afterward, the corporation started paying the city through benefit concerts and outreach programs.<ref name="nyt19820221" /><ref name="Stern (2006) p. 731" /> Carnegie Hall was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1962.<ref name="nhlsum" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Greenwood|first=Richard|date=May 30, 1975|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory: Carnegie Hall|url={{NHLS url|id=66000535}}|access-date=November 14, 2014|publisher=[[National Park Service]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=May 30, 1975|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory: Carnegie Hall—Accompanying Photos|url={{NHLS url|id=66000535|photos=y}}|access-date=November 14, 2014|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> The landmark status was certified in 1964, and a National Historic Landmark plaque was placed on the building.<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 7, 1964|title=Carnegie Hall Designated as a 'National Landmark'|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/07/archives/carnegie-hall-designated-as-a-national-landmark.html|access-date=August 19, 2021|archive-date=August 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819014455/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/07/archives/carnegie-hall-designated-as-a-national-landmark.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=November 7, 1964|title=Carnegie Hall Made National Landmark|page=9|newspaper=[[Democrat and Chronicle]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83713903/carnegie-hall-made-national-landmark/|access-date=August 19, 2021|archive-date=August 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819012954/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83713903/carnegie-hall-made-national-landmark/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] also designated Carnegie Hall as a city landmark in September 1967.<ref name="nycland" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Callahan|first=John P.|date=August 7, 1967|title=Old Water Tower Now a Landmark; City Commission Designates Pillar on Harlem River and 10 Other Structures|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/08/07/archives/old-water-tower-now-a-landmark-city-commission-designates-pillar-on.html|access-date=August 20, 2021|archive-date=August 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820144213/https://www.nytimes.com/1967/08/07/archives/old-water-tower-now-a-landmark-city-commission-designates-pillar-on.html|url-status=live}}</ref>