Editing Cardiff (section)

==Demography==
{{main|Demographics of Cardiff}}
{{Historical populations|state=collapsed|1801|6342|1851|26630|1861
|48965|1871
|71301|1881
|93637|1891
|142114|1901|172629|1911|209804|1921
|227753|1931
|247270|1941
|257112|1951
|267356|1961
|278552|1971
|290227|1981
|274500|1991
|272557|2001
|292150|2011
|346100|2021
|footnote=<span style="font-size: smaller">Source: [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10150530&c_id=10001043&add=N Vision of Britain] except 2011, which is the 2011 census data from the [http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/population-and-household-estimates-for-wales/stb-2011-census-wales.html Office for National Statistics]. Historical populations are calculated with the modern boundaries</span>
|362400}}

After a period of decline in the 1970s and 1980s, Cardiff's population is growing again. It reached 362,400 in the [[United Kingdom Census 2021|2021 census]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/censuspopulationchange/W06000015/ |title=How the population changed in Cardiff: Census 2021 |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |date=28 June 2022 |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]] website }}</ref> compared to a [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 census]] figure of 346,100.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/population-and-household-estimates-for-wales/stb-2011-census-wales.html |title=2011 Census – Population and Household Estimates for Wales, March 2011 |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |date=16 July 2012 |access-date=17 July 2012 |work=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]] website |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721061211/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/population-and-household-estimates-for-wales/stb-2011-census-wales.html |archive-date=21 July 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Between mid-2007 and mid-2008, Cardiff was the fastest-growing local authority in Wales, with growth of 1.2%.<ref name="2008 population">{{Cite web |url=http://wales.gov.uk/docs/statistics/2009/090827sb492009en.pdf?lang=en |format=PDF |title=2008 Mid-year Estimates of Population |publisher=National Office of Statistics for Wales |date=27 August 2009 |access-date=28 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606191116/http://wales.gov.uk/docs/statistics/2009/090827sb492009en.pdf?lang=en |archive-date=6 June 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to 2001 census data, Cardiff was the 21st largest [[List of conurbations in the United Kingdom|urban area]] in the United Kingdom.<ref>Pointer, Graham, [http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fom2005/03_FOPM_UrbanAreas.pdf The UK's major urban areas], ''Focus on People and Migration'', 2005. Retrieved 12 June 2008. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804232006/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fom2005/03_FOPM_UrbanAreas.pdf|date=4 August 2011 }}</ref> The Cardiff [[Larger Urban Zone]] (a [[Eurostat]] definition including the Vale of Glamorgan and a number of local authorities in [[South Wales Valleys|the Valleys]]) has 841,600 people, the 10th largest LUZ in the UK.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.staedtestatistik.de/fileadmin/urban-audit/pdf/EU_stateofcities_2007.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085823/http://www.staedtestatistik.de/fileadmin/urban-audit/pdf/EU_stateofcities_2007.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 July 2011 |title=REG 7 1300_cover2.indd |access-date=2 January 2010 }}</ref> The Cardiff and South Wales Valleys metropolitan area has a population of nearly 1.1 million.<ref name="espon.eu">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf#page=119 |title=ESPON Project 1.4.3 Study on Urban Functions |access-date=23 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002318/http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf#page=119 |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref>

[[File:Cardiff northern residential.jpg|left|thumb|Residential areas of northern Cardiff]]
Official census estimates of the city's total population have been disputed. The city council published two articles arguing that the 2001 census seriously under-reported the population of Cardiff, and in particular the ethnic minority population of some inner city areas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ObjView.asp?Object_ID=3418&Language= |title=Cardiff Council Representations to ONS on the 2001 Census: Section 1 |format=PDF |access-date=28 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926220923/http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ObjView.asp?Object_ID=3418&Language= |archive-date=26 September 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ObjView.asp?Object_ID=3419&Language= |title=Cardiff Council Representations to ONS on the 2001 Census: Section 2 |format=PDF |access-date=28 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926221139/http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ObjView.asp?Object_ID=3419&Language= |archive-date=26 September 2007 }}</ref>

The Welsh Government's official mid-year estimate of the population of the Cardiff local authority area in 2019 was 366,903.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population estimates by local authority and year |url=https://statswales.gov.wales/Catalogue/Population-and-Migration/Population/Estimates/Local-Authority/populationestimates-by-localauthority-year |access-date=26 April 2021 |website=statswales.gov.wales |archive-date=20 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620101839/https://statswales.gov.wales/Catalogue/Population-and-Migration/Population/Estimates/Local-Authority/populationestimates-by-localauthority-year |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the 2011, census the official population of the Cardiff Built Up Area (BUA) was put at 447,287.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/ref/builtupareas_userguidance.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=27 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204061348/http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/ref/builtupareas_userguidance.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks101ew |title=KS101EW (Usual resident population) – Nomis – Official Labour Market Statistics |publisher=Nomisweb.co.uk |date=27 March 2011 |access-date=16 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108122327/http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks101ew |archive-date=8 January 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The BUA is not contiguous with the local authority boundary and aggregates data at a lower level; for Cardiff this includes the urban part of Cardiff, Penarth/Dinas Powys, Caerphilly and Pontypridd.

Cardiff has an ethnically diverse population due to past trading connections, post-war [[immigration]] and large numbers of foreign students who attend university in the city. The ethnic make-up of Cardiff's population at the 2011 census was: 84.7% White, 1.6% mixed White and Black African/Caribbean, 0.7% mixed White and Asian, 0.6% mixed other, 8.1% Asian, 2.4% Black, 1.4% Arab and 0.6% other ethnic groups.<ref name=":0">{{NOMIS2011|id=1946157397|title=Cardiff Local Authority |access-date=9 February 2018 }}</ref> This means almost 53,000 people from a non-white ethnic group reside in the city. This diversity, especially that of the city's long-established African<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Killingray |first1=David |title=Africans in Britain |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-0714641072 |page=6 }}</ref> and Arab<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gilliat-Ray |first1=S. |last2=Mellor |first2=J. |title=Bilād al-Welsh (Land of the Welsh): Muslims in Cardiff, South Wales: past, present and future. |journal=The Muslim World |date=2010 |volume=100 |issue=4 |pages=452–453 |doi=10.1111/j.1478-1913.2010.01331.x |issn=1478-1913 }}</ref> communities, has been recorded in cultural exhibitions and events, along with books published on this subject.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Brian |title=Butetown and Cardiff Docks |publisher=The History Press |date=15 April 1999 |isbn=978-0-7524-1582-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bhac.org/black_history.html |title=Black History in Butetown |publisher=Butetown History & Arts Centre |access-date=18 April 2008 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=6 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806155310/http://www.bhac.org/black_history.html }}</ref>

===Health===
{{Main|Cardiff and Vale University Health Board}}
[[File:University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park - Cardiff - geograph.org.uk - 1736088.jpg|thumb|left|[[University Hospital of Wales]]]]
There are seven NHS hospitals in the city, the largest being the [[University Hospital of Wales]], which is the third largest hospital in the UK and deals with most accidents and emergencies.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/community/healthofnation/allwalesrole/index.html |title=About Cardiff University – All-Wales Role |publisher=[[Cardiff University]] |access-date=7 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117174955/http://cardiff.ac.uk/about/community/healthofnation/allwalesrole/index.html |archive-date=17 January 2011 }}</ref> The University Dental Hospital, which provides emergency treatment, is also located on this site. [[Llandough Hospital]] is located in the south of the city.

[[St David's Hospital, Cardiff|St. David's Hospital]], the city's newest hospital, built behind the former building, is located in Canton and provides services for the elderly and children. [[Cardiff Royal Infirmary]] is on Newport Road, near the city centre. The majority of this hospital was closed in 1999, but the west wing remained open for clinic services, genitourinary medicine and rehabilitation treatment. [[Rookwood Hospital]] and the [[Velindre Cancer Centre]] are also located within Cardiff. They are administered by the [[Cardiff and Vale University Health Board]], with the exception of Velindre, which is run by a separate trust.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cardiffandvale.wales.nhs.uk/portal/page?_pageid=33,482279,33_482283&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |title=Cardiff & Vale NHS Trust – Our Hospitals |publisher=[[Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust]] |access-date=7 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803025901/http://www.cardiffandvale.wales.nhs.uk/portal/page?_pageid=33%2C482279%2C33_482283&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archive-date=3 August 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sites3/home.cfm?orgid=357&redirect=yes |title=Velindre Cancer Centre |publisher=Velindre NHS Trust |access-date=7 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025051622/http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sites3/home.cfm?orgid=357&redirect=yes |archive-date=25 October 2008 }}</ref> [[Spire Healthcare]], a private hospital, is in Pontprennau.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.spirehealthcare.com/cardiff/?pathname=cardiff |title=Spire Cardiff Hospital |publisher=[[Spire Healthcare]] |access-date=7 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716120007/http://www.spirehealthcare.com/cardiff/?pathname=cardiff |archive-date=16 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Language===
{{See also|Cardiff dialect}}
[[File:Bilingual railway sign - geograph.org.uk - 33133.jpg|thumb|Bilingual signs are commonplace in Cardiff.]]
Cardiff has a chequered linguistic history with [[Welsh language|Welsh]], English, [[Latin]], [[Old Norse|Norse]] and [[Norman language|Norman French]] preponderant at different times. Welsh was the majority language in Cardiff from the 13th century until the city's explosive growth in the [[Victorian era]].<ref name="welsh">{{Cite book |last=Jenkins |first=Geraint H. |title=The Welsh Language before the Industrial Revolution |location=Cardiff |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-7083-1418-0 }}</ref> As late as 1850, five of the 12 [[Anglican]] churches within the current city boundaries conducted their services exclusively in Welsh, while only two worshipped exclusively in English.<ref name="welsh"/> By 1891, the percentage of Welsh speakers had fallen to 27.9% and only [[Lisvane]], [[Llanedeyrn]] and [[Creigiau]] remained as majority Welsh-speaking communities.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Language and Community in the Nineteenth Century |first=Geraint H. |last=Jenkins |isbn=0-7083-1467-8 |year=1998 |publisher=Univ. of Wales Press |location=Cardiff }}</ref> The Welsh language became grouped around a small cluster of chapels and churches, the most notable of which is Tabernacl in the city centre, one of four UK churches chosen to hold official services to commemorate the new millennium.

The city's first Welsh-language school (Ysgol Gymraeg Bryntaf) was established in the 1950s. Welsh has since regained ground.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/2755217.stm |title=Census shows Welsh language rise |date=14 February 2003 |publisher=BBC Wales |access-date=19 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406154822/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/2755217.stm |archive-date=6 April 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> Aided by [[Welsh-medium education]] and migration from other parts of Wales, there are now many more Welsh speakers: their numbers doubled between the 1991 and 2011 censuses, from 18,071 (6.6%) to 36,735 (11.1%) residents aged three years and above.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ENG/Your-Council/Strategies-plans-and-policies/Bilingual-Cardiff/Pages/default.aspx |title=Bilingual Cardiff – Cardiff.gov.uk |website=cardiff.gov.uk |language=en-gb |access-date=13 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721100811/https://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ENG/Your-Council/Strategies-plans-and-policies/Bilingual-Cardiff/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=21 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[LSOA]] (Lower Layer Super Output Area) with the highest percentage of Welsh speakers in the city centre is found in [[Canton, Cardiff|Canton]], at 25.5%.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=http://statiaith.com/blog/cyfrifiad-2011/mapiau-am-y-gymraeg-o-gyfrifiad-2011/ |title=Mapiau Cyfrifiad 2011 {{!}} Statiaith |website=statiaith.com |access-date=5 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215142240/http://statiaith.com/blog/cyfrifiad-2011/mapiau-am-y-gymraeg-o-gyfrifiad-2011/ |archive-date=15 December 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> The LSOA with the highest percentage of Welsh speakers in the whole of Cardiff is [[Whitchurch, Cardiff|Whitchurch]], at 26%.<ref name="auto"/>

[[City of Cardiff Council|Cardiff City Council]] adopted a five-year Welsh-language strategy in 2017, aimed at increasing the number of Welsh speakers (aged 3+) in Cardiff by 15.9%, from 36,735 in 2011 to 42,584 residents by the 2021 Census.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://businessnewswales.com/improving-bilingual-services-welsh-language-standards/ |title=Improving Bilingual Services with the Welsh Language Standards |date=28 June 2017 |work=Business News Wales |access-date=13 July 2017 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017145513/https://businessnewswales.com/improving-bilingual-services-welsh-language-standards/ |archive-date=17 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Office for National Statistics|ONS]] estimated that in December 2020, 89,900 (24.8%) of Cardiff's population could speak Welsh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Population Survey – Ability to speak Welsh by local authority and year |url=https://statswales.gov.wales/Catalogue/Welsh-Language/Annual-Population-Survey-Welsh-Language/annualpopulationsurveyestimatesofpersonsaged3andoverwhosaytheycanspeakwelsh-by-localauthority-measure |access-date=26 April 2021 |website=statswales.gov.wales |archive-date=20 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620200907/https://statswales.gov.wales/Catalogue/Welsh-Language/Annual-Population-Survey-Welsh-Language/annualpopulationsurveyestimatesofpersonsaged3andoverwhosaytheycanspeakwelsh-by-localauthority-measure |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In addition to English and Welsh, the diversity of Cardiff's population (including foreign students) means that many other languages are spoken. One study has found that Cardiff has speakers of at least 94 languages, with [[Somali language|Somali]], [[Urdu]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Arabic language|Arabic]] being the most commonly spoken foreign ones.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cilt.org.uk/pdf/pubs/positively_plurilingual.pdf |title=Positively Plurilingual |access-date=3 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128094815/http://www.cilt.org.uk/pdf/pubs/positively_plurilingual.pdf |archive-date=28 November 2007 }}</ref>

The modern [[Cardiff dialect|Cardiff accent]] is distinct from that of nearby South Wales Valleys. It is marked primarily by:
*Substitution of {{angle bracket|iə}} by {{angle bracket|jøː}}<ref name="Phonetics">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPwYt3gVbu4C&q=cardiff%20accent&pg=PA87 |title=English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change |first1=Nikolas |last1=Coupland |first2=Alan Richard |last2=Thomas |date=1 January 1990 |publisher=Multilingual Matters |isbn=9781853590313 |via=Google Books |access-date=19 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319200135/https://books.google.com/books?id=tPwYt3gVbu4C&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=cardiff%20accent&source=bl&ots=G0VLcC5XKi&sig=PQ-dMr1AN-fnS86oZt6fLqBb8bU&hl=en&ei=TMeOS_3BKI6A4Qaq6YitDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CA8Q6AEwBDgy#v=onepage&q=cardiff%20accent&f=false |archive-date=19 March 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Cardiff accent">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/text-only/wales/cardiff/ |title=Accents and dialects of the UK: Cardiff ''Accessed 2 March 2010'' |access-date=8 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805064351/http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/text-only/wales/cardiff/ |archive-date=5 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''here'' [hiːə] pronounced as {{Not a typo|[(h)jøː]}} in the broader form{{clarify|date=December 2019}}
*The vowel of ''start'' may be realised as {{IPA|[æː]}} or even {{IPA|[ɛː]}}, so that ''Cardiff'' is pronounced {{IPA|[ˈkæːdɪf]}}.

====Language schools====
Due to its diversity and large student population, more people now come to the city to learn English. Foreign students from Arab states and other European countries are a common sight on the streets of Cardiff.<ref name="2008 population"/> The [[British Council]] has an office in the city centre and there are six accredited schools in the area.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.britishcouncil.org/accreditation-az-list.htm |title=A-Z list of accredited centres |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601085533/http://www.britishcouncil.org/accreditation-az-list.htm |archive-date=1 June 2010 }}</ref>

===Religion===
{{main|Christianity in Wales|Religion in Wales}}
{{multiple image
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| image1            = Llandaff Cathedral (geograph 3435762 upright).jpg
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| caption1          = [[Llandaff Cathedral]], an [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] cathedral, the parish church of Llandaff, the seat of the [[Bishop of Llandaff]], the head of the [[Church in Wales]]
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| caption2          = [[Cardiff Metropolitan Cathedral]], a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] cathedral, the seat of the [[Archbishop of Cardiff]]
}}{{Pie chart|label1=No religion|value1=42.9|color1=DarkOrange|label2=Christianity|label3=Islam|label4=Hinduism|label5=Buddhism|value2=38.3|value3=9.3|value4=1.5|value5=0.4|value6=0.4|value7=0.2|value8=0.6|value9=6.3|label6=Sikhism|label7=Judaism|label8=Other religion|label9=Not stated|color2=Red|color3=Green|color4=Yellow|color5=Blue|color6=DarkKhaki|color7=Purple|color9=Grey|caption=Religion in Cardiff (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/censusareachanges/W06000015/ |title=How life has changed in Cardiff: Census 2021 }}</ref>|color8=White}}
Since 1922, Cardiff has included [[Llandaff]] within its boundary, along with the [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] [[Llandaff Cathedral]], the parish church of Llandaff and the seat of the [[Bishop of Llandaff]], head of the [[Church in Wales]] and the [[Diocese of Llandaff]].

There is a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Cardiff Metropolitan Cathedral|cathedral]] in the city. Since 1916, Cardiff has been the seat of a Catholic archbishop, but there appears to have been a fall in the estimated Catholic population, with numbers in 2006 around 25,000 fewer than in 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dcard.html#stats |title=Archdiocese of Cardiff – Statistics |access-date=18 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517123138/http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dcard.html#stats |archive-date=17 May 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> Likewise, the Jewish population appears to have fallen – there are two synagogues in Cardiff, one in Cyncoed and one in Moira Terrace, as opposed to seven at the turn of the 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/Community/Cardiff.htm |title=JCR-UK – Cardiff Community |date=14 October 2005 |access-date=23 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512081945/http://www.jewishgen.org/JCR-UK/Community/Cardiff.htm |archive-date=12 May 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> There are several [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|nonconformist]] chapels, an early 20th century Greek Orthodox church and 11 mosques.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/GLA/Roath/Chapels.html |title=Cardiff, Llandaff & Roath chapels database |access-date=23 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119180148/http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/GLA/Roath/Chapels.html |archive-date=19 January 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nostos.com/church/ |title=The Greek Orthodox Church in Great Britain |access-date=23 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122154842/http://www.nostos.com/church/ |archive-date=22 January 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.muslimdirectory.co.uk/displayresults.php?PHPSESSID=f0fb8b41d8758983e7d43cddb556b9df&businesstype=1&orgtype=&country=UK&city=Cardiff |title=Muslim Directory – Mosques in Cardiff |access-date=23 January 2008 |archive-date=11 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211202744/http://www.muslimdirectory.co.uk/displayresults.php?PHPSESSID=f0fb8b41d8758983e7d43cddb556b9df&businesstype=1&orgtype=&country=UK&city=Cardiff |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the 2001 census, 66.9% of Cardiff's population described itself as Christian, a percentage point below the Welsh and UK averages.

The oldest of the non-Christian communities in Wales is Judaism. Jews were not permitted to live in England and Wales between the 1290 [[Edict of Expulsion]] and the 17th century. A Welsh Jewish community was re-established in the 18th century.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/religion/sites/timeline/pages/religion_in_wales_15.shtml |title=Multicultural Wales |access-date=6 December 2007 |publisher=British Broadcasting Company |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430180121/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/religion/sites/timeline/pages/religion_in_wales_15.shtml |archive-date=30 April 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> There was once a fairly substantial Jewish population in South Wales, most of which has disappeared. The [[Orthodox Jewish]] community congregations are consolidated in the [[Cardiff United Synagogue]] in Cyncoed, which was dedicated by Chief Rabbi [[Jonathan Sacks]] in 2003.<ref>[http://www.somethingjewish.co.uk/articles/717_chief_visits_bristol.htm Chief visits Bristol and Cardiff] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510221504/http://www.somethingjewish.co.uk/articles/717_chief_visits_bristol.htm|date=10 May 2012}}. Somethingjewish.co.uk (16 December 2003). Retrieved on 17 July 2013.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Holt |first1=Faygie Levy |title=Cardiff Rabbi Builds Sukkah Awareness Through BBC Radio Show in Wales |url=http://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/3066412/jewish/Cardiff-Rabbi-Builds-Sukkah-Awareness-Through-BBC-Radio-Show-in-Wales.htm |publisher=Chabad.org Jewish News |date=17 September 2015 |quote=Educational options for adults are also expanding, says Rabbi Rose, noting that the Rohr Jewish Learning Institute's (JLI) "Journey of the Soul" course |access-date=18 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011210201/http://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/3066412/jewish/Cardiff-Rabbi-Builds-Sukkah-Awareness-Through-BBC-Radio-Show-in-Wales.htm |archive-date=11 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Cardiff Reform Synagogue]] is in Adamsdown.
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|image1=Mosque in Crwys Road - geograph.org.uk - 625292.jpg
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|caption1=[[Shah Jalal Mosque, Cardiff|Shah Jalal Mosque]] on Crwys Road, Cardiff. Built in 1899 as a Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Chapel; a mosque since 1990.
|image2=Shree Swaminarayan Temple - Cardiff - geograph.org.uk - 1605788.jpg
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|caption2=[[Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Cardiff|Shri Swaminarayan Mandir]] in Grangetown is the first and largest Hindu temple in Wales.
|image3=Sri Dasmais Singh Sabha Gurdwara - Cardiff - 4836850.jpg
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|caption3=Sri Dasmais Singh Sabha Gurdwara, Bhatra Sikh centre, Riverside
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Cardiff's Muslim population is much above the Welsh average and the longest established in the UK, being started by Yemeni and Somali sailors settling in the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ansari |first=Humayun |author-link=Humayun Ansari |title=The Infidel Within: Muslims in Britain Since 1800 |publisher=C. Hurst & Co |year=2004 |location=London |page=429 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=43G472v4KMUC&q=cardiff+yemeni+sailors&pg=PA156 |isbn=978-1-85065-686-9 |access-date=15 October 2020 |archive-date=28 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528130605/https://books.google.com/books?id=43G472v4KMUC&q=cardiff+yemeni+sailors&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref> Cardiff now has over 11,000 Muslims with various national affiliations<ref name="cityprofile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/00pt.asp |title=Census 2001 – Profiles – Cardiff |access-date=12 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816024606/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/00pt.asp |archive-date=16 August 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> – nearly 52 per cent of the Muslim population in Wales.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Social Audit of the Muslim Community in Wales |url=http://gov.wales/docs/statistics/2007/070509socialmuslimen.pdf |date=3 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903214306/http://gov.wales/docs/statistics/2007/070509socialmuslimen.pdf |archive-date=3 September 2015 }}</ref>

The proportion of Cardiff residents declaring themselves Hindu, Sikh and Jewish were all considerably higher than the Welsh averages, but lower than the UK figures. The city has had a Hindu community since Indian immigrants settled in the 1950s and 1960s. The first Hindu temple in the city was opened in [[Grangetown, Cardiff|Grangetown]] on 6 April 1979 on the site of an abandoned synagogue.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.swaminarayanwales.org.uk/History/history.asp |title=History of Shree Swaminarayan Temple Cardiff |access-date=21 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420155606/http://www.swaminarayanwales.org.uk/History/history.asp |archive-date=20 April 2008 }}</ref> The 25th anniversary of the founding was celebrated in September 2007 with a parade of over 3,000 people through the city centre, including Hindus from across the United Kingdom and members of Cardiff's other religious communities.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_east/7006249.stm |title=Worshippers celebrate with parade |date=22 September 2007 |publisher=BBC Wales |access-date=21 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115130822/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_east/7006249.stm |archive-date=15 January 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> There are over 2,000 Hindus in Cardiff, worshipping at three temples.<ref name="cityprofile"/>

In the 2001 census 18.8% of the city's population stated they had no religion, while 8.6% did not state a religion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/00PT-A.asp#ethnic |title=Census 2001 – Profiles – Cardiff – Ethnicity & Religion |date=19 February 2003 |access-date=23 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070524193506/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/00PT-A.asp#ethnic |archive-date=24 May 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref>

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