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===Risks of aphrodisiac use=== {{main|Lytta vesicatoria}} The extreme toxicity of cantharidin makes any use as an aphrodisiac highly dangerous.<ref name=shamloul-2010>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shamloul R | title = Natural aphrodisiacs | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | volume = 7 | issue = 1 Pt 1 | pages = 39β49 | date = January 2010 | pmid = 19796015 | doi = 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01521.x }}</ref><ref name=sandroni-2001>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sandroni P | title = Aphrodisiacs past and present: a historical review | journal = Clinical Autonomic Research | volume = 11 | issue = 5 | pages = 303β307 | date = October 2001 | pmid = 11758796 | doi = 10.1007/BF02332975 | quote = Cantharidin ("Spanish fly") is a chemical with vesicant properties derived from blister beetles, which has been used for millennia as a sexual stimulant by both sexes. Its mode of action is by inhibition of phosphodiesterase and protein phosphatase activity and stimulation of Ξ²-receptors, inducing vascular congestion and inflammation. Morbidity from its abuse is significant. The gastrointestinal tract sustains the brunt of toxicity, resulting in fatal hemorrhages. Renal toxicity is a result of its renal excretion, which may lead to acute tubular necrosis. Cardiac effects are most likely due to hemorrhagic shock, but they also can be due to myofibril degeneration, mitochondrial swelling, and pericardial and subendocardial hemorrhages. | s2cid = 32348540 }}</ref> As a result, it is illegal to sell (or use) cantharidin or preparations containing it without a prescription in many countries.<ref name=karras-1996/>
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