Editing Canadian Pacific Railway (section)

==Passenger trains==
The train was the primary mode of long-distance transport in Canada until the 1960s. Among the many types of people who rode CPR trains were new immigrants heading for the prairies, military troops (especially during the two [[world war]]s) and upper class tourists. It also custom-built many of its [[passenger car (rail)|passenger cars]] at its [[CPR Angus Shops]] to be able to meet the demands of the upper class.

[[File:Angus.JPG|thumb|An Angus Shops building converted into an [[Société des alcools du Québec|SAQ]] liquor store]]
The CPR also had a line of Great Lakes ships integrated into its transcontinental service. From 1884 until 1912, these ships linked Owen Sound on [[Georgian Bay]] to Fort William. Following a major fire in December 1911 that destroyed the grain elevator, operations were relocated to a new, larger port created by the CPR at Port McNicoll opening in May 1912. Five ships allowed daily service, and included the S.S. ''Assiniboia'' and S.S. ''Keewatin'' built in 1907 which remained in use until the end of service. Travellers went by train from Toronto to that Georgian Bay port, then travelled by ship to link with another train at the Lakehead. After World War II, the trains and ships carried automobiles as well as passengers. This service featured what was to become the last [[boat train]] in North America. The ''Steam Boat'' was a fast, direct connecting train between Toronto and Port McNicoll. The passenger service was discontinued at the end of season in 1965 with one ship, the ''Assiniboia'', carrying on in freight service for two more years before being sold. Planned to be a floating restaurant, "Assiniboia" caught fire during renovations in 1969 and was subsequently scrapped. Meanwhile "Keewatin" which was laid up in 1966 and scheduled to be scrapped, was purchased by RJ and Diane Peterson in 1967 and towed to their marina in Douglas, Michigan to serve as a marine museum. Forty-five years later Skyline International CEO Gil Blutrich purchased "Keewatin" and engaged former crewman Eric Conroy to repatriate "Keewatin" to Port McNicoll and operate her as an historical attraction, which he did in 2012 through 2019. "Keewatin" was closed to visitors in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and did not reopen in Port McNicoll. In 2023 "Keewatin" was donated by Skyline to the Marine Museum of the Great Lakes at Kingston, and towed to Hamilton shipyards for restoration before proceeding to Kingston, where it reopened to visitors in 2024.<ref>[http://barrie.ctvnews.ca/s-s-keewatin-fires-up-its-engine-1.1432404 "S.S. Keewatin fires up its engine"], CTVnews.ca. Retrieved 27 April 2014.</ref>

After the Second World War, passenger traffic declined as automobiles and airplanes became more common, but the CPR continued to innovate in an attempt to keep passenger numbers up. Beginning November 9, 1953, the CPR introduced [[Budd Rail Diesel Car]]s (RDCs) on many of its lines. Officially called "Dayliners" by the CPR, they were always referred to as ''Budd Cars'' by employees. Greatly reduced travel times and reduced costs resulted, which saved service on many lines for a number of years. The CPR went on to acquire the second largest fleet of RDCs totalling 52 cars. Only the [[Boston and Maine Railroad]] had more. This CPR fleet also included the rare model RDC-4 (which consisted of a mail section at one end and a baggage section at the other end with no formal passenger section). On April 24, 1955, the CPR introduced a new luxury transcontinental passenger train, ''The Canadian''. The train provided service between Vancouver and Toronto or Montreal (east of [[Greater Sudbury|Sudbury]]; the train was in two sections). The train, which operated on an expedited schedule, was pulled by [[diesel locomotives]], and used new, streamlined, stainless steel rolling stock.<ref>Mitchell, David J., "All aboard! The Canadian Rockies by Train". Douglas & McIntyre, 1995. p. 134.<!-- ISBN needed --></ref> This service was initially heavily promoted by the company and many images of the train, especially as it traversed the Canadian Rockies, were captured by CPR's official photographer [[Nicholas Morant]]. Featured in numerous advertising promotions worldwide, several such images have gained iconic status.

Starting in the 1960s, however, the railway started to discontinue much of its passenger service, particularly on its branch lines. For example, passenger service ended on its line through southern [[British Columbia]] and [[Crowsnest Pass]] in January 1964, and on its [[Quebec Central]] in April 1967, and the transcontinental train ''[[The Dominion (train)|The Dominion]]'' was dropped in January 1966. On October 29, 1978, CP Rail transferred its passenger services to [[Via Rail]], a new federal Crown corporation that was now responsible for intercity passenger services in Canada. Canadian Prime Minister [[Brian Mulroney]] presided over major cuts in Via Rail service on January 15, 1990. This ended service by ''The Canadian'' over CPR rails, and the train was rerouted on the former ''[[Super Continental]]'' route via [[Canadians|Canadian]] National without a change of name. Where both trains had been daily prior to January 15, 1990, cuts, the surviving ''Canadian'' was only a three-times-weekly operation. In October 2012, ''The Canadian'' was reduced to twice-weekly for the six-month off-season period, and {{as of|2025|lc=on}} operates three-times-weekly for only six months a year. In addition to inter-city passenger services, the CPR also provided [[Commuter rail in North America|commuter rail]] services in Montreal. CP Rail introduced Canada's first [[Bilevel car|bi-level passenger cars]] here in 1970. On October 1, 1982, the [[Société de transport de Montréal|Montreal Urban Community Transit Commission]] (STCUM) assumed responsibility for the commuter services previously provided by CP Rail. It continues under the [[Agence métropolitaine de transport|Metropolitan Transportation Agency]] (AMT).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Canadian Pacific train station (Dorion station) |url=https://circuitvd.ca/en/circuit/buildings-and-sites/former-canadian-pacific-train-station-dorion-station.html#:~:text=In%201982,%20the%20Canadian%20Pacific,(AMT),%20followed%20by%20the |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=circuitvd.ca |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:WCE train no. 901 at Waterfront.jpg|left|thumb|West Coast Express at [[Waterfront station (Vancouver)|Waterfront station]] in Vancouver]]
{{As of|2025}} Canadian Pacific Railway operates two commuter services under contract. [[GO Transit]] contracts CPR to operate 10 return trips between Milton and central Toronto in Ontario. In Montreal, 59 daily commuter trains run on CPR lines from [[Lucien-L'Allier (AMT)|Lucien-L'Allier Station]] to [[Delson-Candiac Line (AMT)|Candiac]], [[Vaudreuil-Hudson Line|Hudson]] and [[Saint-Jérôme line|Blainville–Saint-Jérôme]] on behalf of the AMT. CP no longer operates Vancouver's [[West Coast Express]] on behalf of [[TransLink (Vancouver)|TransLink]], a regional transit authority. [[Bombardier Transportation]] assumed control of train operations on May 5, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/media-centre/newsList/details.bombardier-transportation20131223bombardierwinstrainoperationsco.html|title=Bombardier Wins Train Operations Contract in British Columbia|date=23 December 2013|publisher=Bombardier|access-date=17 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419021637/http://www.bombardier.com/en/media-centre/newsList/details.bombardier-transportation20131223bombardierwinstrainoperationsco.html|archive-date=19 April 2014}}</ref> Although CP Rail no longer owns the track nor operates the commuter trains, it handles dispatching of [[Metra]] trains on the [[Milwaukee District/North Line|Milwaukee District/North]] and [[Milwaukee District/West Line]]s in Chicago, on which the CP also provides freight service via trackage rights.<ref>{{cite web|title=Milwaukee North|publisher=[[Metra]]|url=https://metra.com/milwaukee-north|access-date=21 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Milwaukee West|publisher=[[Metra]]|url=https://metra.com/milwaukee-west|access-date=21 January 2025}}</ref>

===Sleeping, Dining and Parlour Car Department===
[[Sleeping car]]s were operated by a separate department of the railway that included the dining and parlour cars and aptly named as the Sleeping, Dining and Parlour Car Department. The CPR decided from the very beginning that it would operate its own sleeping cars, unlike railways in the United States that depended upon independent companies that specialized in providing cars and porters, including building the cars themselves. Pullman was long a famous name in this regard; its [[Pullman Company#Porters|Pullman porters]] were legendary. Other early companies included the [[Wagner Palace Car Company]]. Bigger-sized berths and more comfortable surroundings were built by order of the CPR's General Manager, [[William Van Horne]], who was a large man himself. Providing and operating their own cars allowed better control of the service provided as well as keeping all of the revenue received, although dining-car services were never profitable. But railway managers realized that those who could afford to travel great distances expected such facilities, and their favourable opinion would bode well to attracting others to Canada and the CPR's trains.<ref>Lamb, W. Kaye. "History of the Canadian Pacific Railway". Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York. 1977. pp. 142–143 {{ISBN?}}</ref>