Editing Brittonic languages (section)

=====Raisings of ''*e'' and ''*o''=====
Welsh exhibits raisings of ''*e'' to ''*i'' > ''{{IPA|*ɪ}}'' > ''{{IPA|ɨ}}'' {{gpm|y}} and ''*o'' > {{IPA|/u/}} {{gpm|w}} before a nasal followed by a stop.{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|pp=27-8}}

It is difficult to determine whether the raising from ''*o'' to ''*u'' also affected Cornish and Breton, since both of those languages generally merge ''*o'' with ''*u''.{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|pp=28-9}}

The raising of ''*e'' to ''*i'' occurred in all three major Brittonic languages:{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|p=29}}
*Proto-Celtic ''*sentus'' "path" > ''*hɪnt'' > Middle Welsh ''hynt'', Middle Cornish ''hyns'', and Old Breton ''scoiu-hint'' "side-passage".

Other raising environments identified by Schrijver include:
* When the vowel is preceded by ''*m'' and followed by ''*n''.{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|p=43}}
* When the vowel is in a pretonic syllable, preceded by an alveolar consonant and followed by a nasal.{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|pp=43-4}}
* When the vowel is followed by an ''*r'' which in turn is followed by either ''*n'' or a velar consonant.{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|pp=65}}

This raising preceded a-affection, since a-affection reverses this raising whenever it applied.

All these raisings not only affected native vocabulary, but also affected Latin loanwords.

{|class="wikitable
|+ Raising of ''*e'' and ''*o'', examples derived from Schrijver (1995)
! Proto-form
! Late Proto-Brittonic
! Welsh
! Cornish
! Breton
|-
! colspan=5| Raising before a nasal followed by a stop{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|p=27}}
|-
! ''*kentus'' "first, early"
| ''*kɪnt''
| ''cynt''
| ''kens''
| ''kent''
|-
! ''*kʷenkʷe'' "five"
| ''*pɪmp''
| ''pymp''
| ''pemp''
| ''pemp''
|-
! ''*sondos'' "this"
| ''*hunn''
| ''hwn(n)''
| N/A
| N/A
|-
! colspan=5| Raising in ''*mVn-'' sequences
|-
! ''*menmens'' "mind"{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|p=33}}
| ''*mɪnw''
| ''mynw''
| N/A
| ''meno''
|-
! ''*moniklos'' "neck"{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|p=32}}
| ''*munugl''
| ''mwnwgl''
| N/A
| N/A
|-
! colspan=5| Raising between alveolar and nasal consonants in pretonic syllables
|-
! ''*[[Demetae|Demet-]]'' (tribal name){{sfn|Schrijver|1995|p=31}}
| ''*Dɪβ̃ed''
| ''[[Dyfed]]''
| N/A
| N/A
|-
!''*nemetos'' "venerated"{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|pp=34-5}}
|''*nɪβ̃ed''
|''-nivet'' (Old Welsh) <br> ''-nyfet'' (Middle Welsh)
|N/A
|''-nimet'', ''-nemet'' (Old Breton)
|-
! ''*temes(e)los'' "dark(ness)"{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|p=35}}
| ''*tɪβ̃uɪl''
| ''tywyll''
| N/A
| ''timuil'' (Old Breton) <br> ''teñval'' (modern Breton)
|-
! Latin ''sonus'' "sound"{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|pp=35-6}}
| ''*son'' (sg.) <br> ''*sunow'' (pl.)
| ''son'', ''swn''
| ''son''
| ''so(u)n''
|-
! colspan=5| Raising in ''*Vrn'' and ''*VrK'' sequences
|-
! ''*ast-kornu'' "bone"{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|p=53-5}}
| ''*askurn''
| ''asgwrn''
| ''ascorn''
| ''asko(u)rn''
|-
! ''*tigernos'' "lord"{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|pp=63-5}}
| ''*tɪɣɪrn''
| ''teyrn''
| ''mech-deyrn''
| ''mach-tiern'' (Old Breton)
|-
! ''*borg-'' "throw"{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|pp=55-6}}
| ''*burɣ''
| ''bwrw''
| N/A
| N/A
|-
! ''*org-'' "to strike down"{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|p=58}}
| ''*urɣ''
| ''dygyfwrw'' <br>(prefixed with ''to-kom-'')
| N/A
| N/A
|-
! ''*yorkos'' "roebuck"{{sfn|Schrijver|1995|p=61}}
| ''*jurx''
| ''iwrch''
| ''yorch'' (Old Cornish)
| ''yourc'h''
|}