Editing Blade Runner (section)

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===

On [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film holds an 89% approval rating based on 132 reviews, with an average rating of 8.50/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Misunderstood when it first hit theaters, the influence of Ridley Scott's mysterious, neo-noir ''Blade Runner'' has deepened with time. A visually remarkable, achingly human sci-fi masterpiece."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/blade_runner |title=Blade Runner (1982) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Fandango Media|Fandango]] |access-date=June 1, 2022 |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605074607/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/blade_runner |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Metacritic]], which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 84 out of 100 based on 15 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/blade-runner |title=Blade Runner (1982) |website=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=April 3, 2020 |archive-date=April 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416101139/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/blade-runner |url-status=live}}</ref>

Initial reactions among film critics were mixed. Some wrote that the plot took a back seat to the film's special effects and did not fit the studio's marketing as an action and adventure film. Others acclaimed its complexity and predicted it would stand the test of time.{{sfn|Sammon|p=313–315}} Negative criticism in the United States cited its slow pace.<ref>{{citation |last=Hicks |first=Chris |date=September 11, 1992 |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700000200/Blade-Runner.html |title=Movie review: Blade Runner |work=[[Deseret News]] |access-date=July 27, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140407001657/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700000200/Blade-Runner.html |archive-date=April 7, 2014}}</ref> [[Sheila Benson]] from the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' called it "Blade Crawler", and Pat Berman in ''[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]'' and ''[[Columbia Record]]'' described it as "science fiction pornography".<ref>Quoted in {{harvnb|Sammon|p=313 and 314}}, respectively.</ref> [[Pauline Kael]] praised ''Blade Runner'' as worthy of a place in film history for its distinctive sci-fi vision, yet criticized the film's lack of development in "human terms".<ref name="Kael">{{citation |last=Kael |first=Pauline |title=Taking It All In |year=1984 |publisher=Holt, Rinehart and Winston |isbn=978-0-03-069361-8 |pages=360–365}}</ref> ''[[Ares (magazine)|Ares]]'' magazine said, "Misunderstood by audiences and critics alike, it is by far the best ''science fiction'' film of the year."<ref name="Ares">{{cite journal |last=John |first=Christopher |title=Film & Television |journal=[[Ares (magazine)|Ares]] |publisher=[[TSR, Inc.]] |date=Winter 1983 |issue=13 |page=43}}</ref>

=== Cultural analysis ===
Academics began analyzing the film almost as soon as it was released. One of the first books on the film was Paul M. Sammon's ''Future Noir: The Making of Blade Runner'' (1996),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sammon |first=Paul M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Al2lPwAACAAJ |title=Future Noir: The Making of Blade Runner |date=1996 |publisher=Orion Media |isbn=978-0-7528-0740-9 |language=en|access-date=October 1, 2020|archive-date=April 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414015432/https://books.google.com/books?id=Al2lPwAACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> which dissects all the details concerning the film's production. He was followed by [[Scott Bukatman]]'s ''Blade Runner''<ref>Bukatman, Scott. ''Blade Runner''. London: BFI, 1997.</ref> and other books and academic articles.<ref>{{citation |last=Williams |first=Douglas E. |url=https://philosophy.as.uky.edu/sites/default/files/Ideology%20as%20Dystopia%20-%20An%20Interpretation%20of%20Blade%20Runner%20-%20Douglas%20E.%20Williams.pdf |title=Ideology as Dystopia: An Interpretation of "Blade Runner" |work=[[International Political Science Review]] |volume=9 |issue=4 |date=October 1988 |pages=381–394 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |jstor=1600763 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160708052749/https://philosophy.as.uky.edu/sites/default/files/Ideology%20as%20Dystopia%20-%20An%20Interpretation%20of%20Blade%20Runner%20-%20Douglas%20E.%20Williams.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2016 |publisher=[Sage Publications, Inc., Sage Publications, Ltd.]}}</ref> In ''Postmodern Metanarratives: Blade Runner and Literature in the Age of Image'', Décio Torres Cruz analyzes the philosophical and psychological issues and the literary influences in ''Blade Runner''. He examines the film's cyberpunk and [[dystopic]] elements by establishing a link between the Biblical, classical and modern traditions and the postmodern aspects in the film's collage of several literary texts.<ref name="Torres Cruz 2014">{{Cite book |last=Torres Cruz |first=Décio |url=https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137439727 |title=Postmodern Metanarratives: Blade Runner and Literature in the Age of Image |date=2014 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-1-137-43972-7 |language=en|access-date=September 18, 2020|archive-date=October 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009064728/https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137439727|url-status=live}}</ref>

The boom in home video formats helped establish a growing cult around the film,<ref name=":0">Dalton, Stephen (October 26, 2016). [https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/blade-runner "Blade Runner: anatomy of a classic"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015064343/http://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/features/blade-runner |date=October 15, 2017 }}. [[British Film Institute]].</ref> which scholars have dissected for its dystopic aspects, questions regarding "authentic" humanity, [[ecofeminism|ecofeminist]] aspects<ref>{{citation |last=Jenkins |first=Mary |url=http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/index.php/trumpet/article/view/172/210 |year=1997 |title=The Dystopian World of Blade Runner: An Ecofeminist Perspective |journal=Trumpeter |volume=14 |issue=4 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914233708/http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/index.php/trumpet/article/view/172/210 |archive-date=September 14, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and use of conventions from multiple genres.<ref>{{citation |last1=Doll |first1=Susan |last2=Faller |first2=Greg |url=https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-1314619891/blade-runner-and-genre-film-noir-and-science-fiction |title=Blade Runner and Genre: Film Noir and Science Fiction |work=Literature Film Quarterly |year=1986 |volume=14 |issue=2 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151013050150/https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-1314619891/blade-runner-and-genre-film-noir-and-science-fiction |archive-date=October 13, 2015}}</ref> Popular culture began to reassess its impact as a classic several years after it was released.<ref>Gray, Tim (June 24, 2017). [https://variety.com/2017/film/news/blade-runner-1982-unloved-classic-1202476755/ "'Blade Runner' Turns 35: Ridley Scott's Unloved Film That Became a Classic"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705010740/https://variety.com/2017/film/news/blade-runner-1982-unloved-classic-1202476755/ |date=July 5, 2017 }}. ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''.</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Shone |first=Tom |title=Woman: The Other Alien in Alien |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2012/06/prometheus_why_are_academics_so_obsessed_with_ridley_scott_s_alien_and_its_sequels_.html |date=June 6, 2012 |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |url-status=live |archive-url= http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20160424231545/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2012/06/prometheus_why_are_academics_so_obsessed_with_ridley_scott_s_alien_and_its_sequels_.html |archive-date=April 24, 2016}}</ref><ref name="indiewire">{{citation |last=Jagernauth |first=Kevin |title=''Blade Runner'' Is Almost a Religion for Me: Denis Villeneuve Talks Directing the Sci-fi Sequel |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/blade-runner-is-almost-a-religion-for-me-denis-villeneuve-talks-directing-the-sci-fi-sequel-20150428 |access-date=October 12, 2015 |work=[[IndieWire]] |date=April 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001045525/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/blade-runner-is-almost-a-religion-for-me-denis-villeneuve-talks-directing-the-sci-fi-sequel-20150428 |archive-date=October 1, 2015}}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]] praised the visuals of both the original and the ''Director's Cut'' and recommended it for that reason; however, he found the human story clichéd and a little thin.<ref name="Ebert" /> He later added ''The Final Cut'' to his "Great Movies" list.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-blade-runner-the-final-cut-1982 |title=''Blade Runner: The Final Cut'' Movie Review (1982) |last=Ebert |first=Roger |work=RogerEbert.com |access-date=June 18, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160627095550/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-blade-runner-the-final-cut-1982 |archive-date=June 27, 2016}}</ref> Critic Chris Rodley and [[Janet Maslin]] theorized that ''Blade Runner'' changed cinematic and cultural discourse through its image repertoire and subsequent influence on films.<ref>{{citation |last=Rodley |first=Chris |title=''Blade Runner: The Director's Cut'' |url=http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/blade_runner_the_directors_cut/ |access-date=October 14, 2015 |work=frieze |year=1993 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080905211517/http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/blade_runner_the_directors_cut/ |archive-date=September 5, 2008}}</ref> In 2012, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' film critic [[Richard Corliss]] surgically analyzed the durability, complexity, screenplay, sets and production dynamics from a personal, three-decade perspective.<ref>[https://time.com/3834604/blade-runner-ridley-scott-harrison-ford/ Blade Runner at 30: Celebrating Ridley Scott's Dystopian Vision] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930132246/https://time.com/3834604/blade-runner-ridley-scott-harrison-ford/ |date=September 30, 2021 }}, ''Time'', Richard Corliss, June 25, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2017.</ref> [[Denis Villeneuve]], who directed the sequel, ''[[Blade Runner 2049]]'', cites the film as a huge influence for him and many others.<ref name="indiewire" />

It has also been noted for its postmodernist approach and that it contributes to the historical development of modern dystopia in film.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bruno |first=Giuliana |date=1987 |title=Ramble City: Postmodernism and ''Blade Runner'' |journal=October |volume=41 |pages=61–74 |doi=10.2307/778330 |jstor=778330|issn = 0162-2870}}</ref> Furthermore, the futuristic version of Los Angeles has been widely discussed by academics, with some comparing it to Milton's descriptions of hell in ''[[Paradise Lost]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Desser |first=David |date=1985 |title=Blade Runner: Science Fiction & Transcendence |journal=Literature/Film Quarterly; Salisbury |volume=13 |pages=172–179 |id={{ProQuest|226985939}}}}</ref> In a 2019 retrospective, the [[BBC]] argued that elements of the film's socio-political themes remained prescient in the real year of the film's setting, such as its depiction of [[climate change]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barnett |first=David |title=Are we living in a Blade Runner world? |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191111-are-we-living-in-a-blade-runner-world |access-date=June 30, 2022 |website=www.bbc.com |date=November 12, 2019 |language=en |archive-date=June 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630150706/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191111-are-we-living-in-a-blade-runner-world |url-status=live }}</ref> From a more philosophical perspective, Alison Landsberg described Scott's direction of the film as a "prosthetic memory"—an action that has never happened and appears to be divorced from lived experience, yet it defines personhood and identity within the wider ''Blade Runner'' universe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Landsberg |first=Alison |s2cid=144020560 |date=1995 |title=Prosthetic Memory: Total Recall and Blade Runner |journal=Body & Society |volume=1 |issue=3–4 |pages=175–189 |doi=10.1177/1357034X95001003010}}</ref>

=== Awards and nominations ===

''Blade Runner'' won or received nominations for the following awards:<ref name="NY Times">{{citation |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/5994/Blade-Runner/awards |title=''Blade Runner'' |access-date=July 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130517200337/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/5994/Blade-Runner/awards |department=Movies & TV Dept. |work=The New York Times |date=2013 |archive-date=May 17, 2013}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Nominee !! Result
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1982
| [[British Society of Cinematographers]]
| Best Cinematography
| rowspan="3"| [[Jordan Cronenweth]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]]
| [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="18"| 1983
| rowspan="8"| [[British Academy Film Awards]]
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
| Charles Knode and [[Michael Kaplan (costume designer)|Michael Kaplan]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
| [[Terry Rawlings]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Music|Best Film Music]]
| [[Vangelis]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair|Best Makeup and Hair]]
| [[Marvin Westmore]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Production Design|Best Production Design]]
| [[Lawrence G. Paull]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]]
| Peter Pennell, Bud Alper, Graham V. Hartstone, and Gerry Humphreys
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects|Best Special Visual Effects]]
| [[Douglas Trumbull]], [[Richard Yuricich]], and David Dryer
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Hugo Award]]
| [[Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation|Best Dramatic Presentation]]
|
| {{won}}
|-
| [[London Film Critics' Circle]]
| Special Achievement Award
| Lawrence G. Paull, Douglas Trumbull, and Syd Mead
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award]]s
| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]]
| Vangelis
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Academy Awards]]
| [[Academy Award for Best Production Design|Best Art Direction]]
| Lawrence G. Paull, [[David Snyder]], and [[Linda DeScenna]]
| {{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8OGeLuQ9aA |title=Gandhi Wins Art Direction and Cinematography: 1983 Oscars |date=January 3, 2014 |via=www.youtube.com|access-date=August 14, 2020|archive-date=August 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803090532/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8OGeLuQ9aA|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]]
| Douglas Trumbull, Richard Yuricich, and [[David Dryer]]
| {{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1983 |title=The 55th Academy Awards &#124; 1983 |website=Oscars.org &#124; Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|date=October 5, 2014 |access-date=August 14, 2020|archive-date=April 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417061022/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1983|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIM6pVe9V9U |title=E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial Wins Visual Effects: 1983 Oscars |date=April 28, 2014 |via=www.youtube.com|access-date=August 14, 2020|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806161837/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIM6pVe9V9U|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4"| [[Saturn Award]]
| [[Saturn Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| [[Ridley Scott]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film|Best Science Fiction Film]]
|
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Saturn Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]
| Douglas Trumbull and Richard Yuricich
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| [[Rutger Hauer]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Fantasporto]]
| International Fantasy Film Award
| Ridley Scott
| {{nom}}
|-
| 1993
| [[Fantasporto]]
| International Fantasy Film Award
| Best Film&nbsp;– Ridley Scott (Director's Cut)
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[20th Saturn Awards|1994]]
| rowspan=2| [[Saturn Award]]
| Best Genre Video Release
| ''Blade Runner'' (Director's Cut)
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[35th Saturn Awards|2008]]
| [[Saturn Award for Best DVD or Blu-ray Special Edition Release|Best DVD Special Edition Release]]
| ''Blade Runner'' (5-Disc Ultimate Collector's Edition)
| {{won}}
|}