Editing Bipolar disorder (section)

=== Bipolar spectrum ===
[[File:E. Kraepelin.jpg|alt=Kraepelin looking to the side|thumb|right|Since Emil Kraepelin's distinction between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in the 19th century, researchers have defined a spectrum of different types of bipolar disorder.]]
Bipolar spectrum disorders include: bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder and cases where subthreshold symptoms are found to cause clinically significant impairment or distress.<ref name=DSM5 /><ref name="Price2012" /><ref name="WHO_2019" /> These disorders involve major depressive episodes that alternate with manic or hypomanic episodes, or with mixed episodes that feature symptoms of both mood states.<ref name=DSM5 /> The concept of the bipolar [[spectrum disorder|spectrum]] is similar to that of [[Emil Kraepelin]]'s original concept of manic depressive illness.<ref>{{cite web | author = Korn ML | title = Across the Bipolar Spectrum: From Practice to Research | url = http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/441617 | publisher = Medscape | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20031214022212/http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/441617 | archive-date = December 14, 2003 }}</ref> Bipolar II disorder was established as a diagnosis in 1994 within DSM IV; though debate continues over whether it is a distinct entity, part of a spectrum, or exists at all.<ref name=gitlin20>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gitlin M, Malhi G |title=The existential crisis of bipolar II disorder |journal=International Journal of Bipolar Disorders |year=2020 |volume=8 |issue=5 |page=5 |doi=10.1186/s40345-019-0175-7 |pmid=31993793 |pmc=6987267 |doi-access=free }}</ref>