Editing Belgrade (section)

===Topography===

[[File:Ушће Саве у Дунав поред десне обале Великог ратног острва и Калемегдана.jpg|thumb|right|The confluence of the [[Sava]] (river on the right side) into the [[Danube]] at Belgrade with view on [[Belgrade Fortress|Kalemegdan Fortress]] (up-right)]]

Belgrade lies {{cvt|116.75|m|ft}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] and is located at the [[confluence]] of the [[Danube]] and [[Sava]] rivers.<ref name="nurden-2009" /> The historical core of Belgrade, [[Belgrade Fortress|Kalemegdan]], lies on the right banks of both rivers. Since the 19th century, the city has been expanding to the south and east; after World War II, [[New Belgrade]] was built on the left bank of the Sava river, connecting Belgrade with [[Zemun]]. Smaller, chiefly residential communities across the Danube, like [[Krnjača]], [[Kotež]] and [[Borča]], also merged with the city, while [[Pančevo]], a heavily industrialised satellite city, remains separate. The city has an urban area of {{cvt|360|km2|sqmi}}, while together with its metropolitan area it covers {{cvt|3223|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name="city of belgrade-3" />

On the right bank of the Sava, central Belgrade has a hilly terrain, while the highest point of Belgrade proper is [[Torlak (Belgrade)|Torlak hill]] at {{cvt|303|m|ft}}. The mountains of [[Avala]] ({{cvt|511|m|ft}}) and [[Kosmaj]] ({{cvt|628|m|ft}}) lie south of the city. Across the Sava and Danube, the land is mostly flat, consisting of [[alluvial plain]]s and [[loam|loessial]] [[plateau]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201033 |publisher=City of Belgrade |title=Natural Features |access-date=12 December 2012 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924062300/http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201033 |url-status=live }}</ref><!--{{cite conference |url=http://www.geo.uni.lodz.pl/~icuc5/text/P_1_10.pdf |title=Topoclimate and air pollution effects on respiratory diseases occurrences in Belgrade |first=Verica |last=Gburčik |first2=Valentina |last2=Gburčik |first3=Ljubinka |last3=Marčetić |first4=Slobodan |last4=Tošović |publisher=Institute of Public Health of Belgrade |format=PDF}}-->
[[File:DJI 0387-12.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|[[Monument to the Unknown Hero]] on the mountain [[Avala]], [[Avala Tower]] and city of Belgrade in distance.]]
One of the characteristics of the city terrain is [[mass wasting]]. On the territory covered by the General Urban Plan there are 1,155 recorded mass wasting points, out of which 602 are active and 248 are labeled as 'high risk'. They cover almost 30% of the city territory and include several types of mass wasting. [[Downhill creep]]s are located on the slopes above the rivers, mostly on the [[clay]] or [[loam]] soils, inclined between 7 and 20%. The most critical ones are in [[Karaburma]], [[Zvezdara]], [[Višnjica, Serbia|Višnjica]], [[Vinča]] and [[Ritopek]], in the Danube valley, and [[Umka]], and especially its neighbourhood of Duboko, in the Sava valley. They have moving and dormant phases, and some of them have been recorded for centuries. Less active downhill creep areas include the entire [[Terazijska Terasa|Terazije slope]] above the Sava (Kalemegdan, [[Savamala]]), which can be seen by the inclination of the [[Pobednik]] monument and the tower of the [[St. Michael's Cathedral, Belgrade|Cathedral Church]], and the Voždovac section, between [[Banjica]] and [[Autokomanda]].

Landslides encompass smaller areas, develop on the steep cliffs, sometimes being inclined up to 90%. They are mostly located in the artificial [[loess]] hills of Zemun: [[Gardoš]], [[Ćukovac]] and [[Kalvarija (Zemun)|Kalvarija]].

However, the majority of the land movement in Belgrade, some 90%, is triggered by the construction works and faulty water supply system (burst pipes, etc.). The neighbourhood of [[Mirijevo]] is considered to be the most successful project of fixing the problem. During the construction of the neighbourhood from the 1970s, the terrain was systematically improved and the movement of the land is today completely halted.<ref>{{Citation |first=Nikola |last=Belić |title=Klizišta nisu samo hir prirode |newspaper=[[Politika]] |language=sr |date=8 November 2011 |url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/193711/Klizista-nisu-samo-hir-prirode |access-date=12 June 2017 |archive-date=18 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918145849/http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/193711/Klizista-nisu-samo-hir-prirode |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first=Nikola |last=Belić |title=Otapanje pokreće i klizišta |newspaper=Politika |language=sr |date=22 February 2012 |url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/209361/Otapanje-pokrece-i-klizista |access-date=12 June 2017 |archive-date=26 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926073714/http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/209361/Otapanje-pokrece-i-klizista |url-status=live }}</ref>