Editing Arab world (section)

===Ottoman and colonial rule===
The Arab [[Abbasid Caliphate]] fell to the [[Mongol invasions]] in the 13th century. Egypt, the Levant and Hejaz also came under the Turkish [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Sultanate]].

By 1570, the Turkish [[Ottoman Empire]] controlled most of the Arab world. However, [[Morocco]] remained under the rule of the [[Zenata]] [[Wattasid dynasty]], which was succeeded by the [[Saadi dynasty]] in the 16th to 17th centuries. The [[Ajuran Sultanate]] also held sway in the southern part of the Horn region.

The sentiment of [[Arab nationalism]] arose in the second half of the 19th century along with other [[Rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire|nationalisms within the declining Ottoman Empire]].
[[File:Ibrahim_Pasha_During_his_Final_Years.jpg|alt=Ibrahim Pasha During his Final Years|thumb|252x252px|[[Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt]], leader of the [[Egyptian Army]] in the [[Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)|Egyptian Ottoman War]]]]
When the Ottoman Empire collapsed as a result of [[World War I]], much of the Arab world came to be controlled by the European colonial empires: [[Mandatory Palestine]], [[Mandatory Iraq]], [[British protectorate of Egypt]], [[French protectorate of Morocco]], [[Italian Libya]], [[French occupation of Tunisia|French Tunisia]], [[French colonization of Algeria|French Algeria]], [[Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon]] and the so-called [[Trucial States]], a British protectorate formed by the sheikhdoms on the former "Pirate Coast".

These Arab states only gained their independence during or after [[World War II]]: the [[Republic of Lebanon]] in 1943, the [[Syrian Arab Republic]] and the [[Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan]] in 1946, the [[Kingdom of Libya]] in 1951, the [[Kingdom of Egypt]] in 1952, the [[Kingdom of Morocco]] and [[Tunisia]] in 1956, the [[Republic of Iraq]] in 1958, the [[Somali Republic]] in 1960, [[Algeria]] in 1962, and the [[United Arab Emirates]] in 1971.

By contrast, [[Saudi Arabia]] had fragmented with the fall of the Ottoman Empire, and was [[Unification of Saudi Arabia|unified]] under [[Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia]] by 1932.

The [[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen]] also seceded directly from the Ottoman Empire in 1918. [[Oman]], apart from brief intermittent Persian and Portuguese rule, has been self-governing since the 8th century.