Editing Anal sex (section)

==Cultural views==
===General===
[[File:Wiki anal sex.jpg|thumb|Depiction of anal sex on 510 [[Common Era|BCE]] Attic red-figure [[kylix (drinking cup)|kylix]]]]
[[File:Suzuki Harunobu Shunga.jpg|thumb|[[Suzuki Harunobu]], A [[Shunga (art)|shunga]] print depicting an older and a younger man]]

Different cultures have had different views on anal sex throughout human history, with some cultures more positive about the activity than others.<ref name="LeRoy"/><ref name="Seidman"/><ref name="Nevid">{{cite book|title=Psychology: Concepts and Applications|author=Jeffrey S. Nevid|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|year=2008|page=417|isbn=978-0547148144|access-date=December 22, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LsVK0kSpzx8C&pg=PA417|quote=Some cultures are more permissive with respect to such sexual practices as oral sex, anal sex, and masturbation, whereas others are more restrictive.|archive-date=May 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503084813/https://books.google.com/books?id=LsVK0kSpzx8C&pg=PA417|url-status=live}}</ref> Historically, anal sex has been restricted or condemned, especially with regard to religious beliefs; it has also commonly been used as a form of domination, usually with the active partner (the one who is penetrating) representing masculinity and the passive partner (the one who is being penetrated) representing femininity.<ref name="LeRoy"/><ref name="Discovery.com"/><ref name="Seidman"/> A number of cultures have especially recorded the practice of anal sex between males, and anal sex between males has been especially [[Social stigma|stigmatized]] or punished.<ref name="Discovery.com"/><ref name="Smith">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of AIDS: A Social, Political, Cultural and Scientific Record of the HIV Epidemic|author=Raymond A. Smith|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|year=1998|pages=73–76|isbn=0203305493|access-date=December 23, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vuAWLtgnUm0C&pg=PA73|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310000937/https://books.google.com/books?id=vuAWLtgnUm0C&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Haggerty">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Gay Histories and Cultures|author=George Haggerty|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2000–2013|pages=788–790|isbn=1135585067|access-date=December 23, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be39AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA789|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310000837/https://books.google.com/books?id=Be39AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA789|url-status=live}}</ref>  In some societies, if discovered to have engaged in the practice, the individuals involved were put to death, such as by [[decapitation]], burning, or even [[mutilation]].<ref name="LeRoy"/>

Anal sex has been more accepted in modern times; it is often considered a natural, pleasurable form of sexual expression.<ref name="LeRoy"/><ref name="Discovery.com"/><ref name="Nevid"/> The buttocks and anus have become more eroticized in modern culture, including via pornography.<ref name="Seidman"/> Engaging in anal sex is still, however, punished in some societies.<ref name="Discovery.com"/><ref name="amnesty.org">{{cite web |title=PUBLIC AI Index: MDE 13/010/2008. UA 17/08 Fear of imminent execution/ flogging |date=January 18, 2008 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/010/2008/en/  |archive-date=October 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025191259/http://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/MDE13/010/2008/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref> For example, regarding [[LGBT rights in Iran]], [[Iran]]'s Penal Code states in Article 109 that "both men involved in same-sex penetrative (anal) or non-penetrative sex will be punished" and "Article 110 states that those convicted of engaging in anal sex will be executed and that the manner of execution is at the discretion of the judge".<ref name="amnesty.org"/>

===Ancient and non-Western cultures===
{{See also|Homosexuality in ancient Greece|Homosexuality in ancient Rome|Sexuality in ancient Rome#Anal sex}}
From the earliest records, the ancient [[Sumer]]ians had very relaxed attitudes toward sex<ref name="Dening1996">{{cite book|last=Dening|first=Sarah|date=1996|chapter=Chapter 3: Sex in Ancient Civilizations|title=The Mythology of Sex|chapter-url=http://www.ishtartemple.org/myth.htm|location=London, England|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-02-861207-2|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/mythologyofsexan0000deni}}</ref> and did not regard anal sex as taboo.<ref name="Dening1996"/> {{lang|sux|Entu}} priestesses were forbidden from producing offspring<ref name="Leick2013">{{citation|last=Leick|first=Gwendolyn|title=Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=978-1-134-92074-7|location=New York City, New York|page=219|orig-date=1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKoWblE4pd0C&pg=PA64|access-date=January 3, 2018|archive-date=April 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414055100/https://books.google.com/books?id=WKoWblE4pd0C&pg=PA64|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NemetNejat">{{cite book|last=Nemet-Nejat|first=Karen Rhea|date=1998|title=Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia|location=Santa Barbara, California|publisher=Greenwood|isbn=978-0313294976|page=[https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinancie00neme/page/137 137]|url=https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinancie00neme/page/137}}</ref> and frequently engaged in anal sex as a method of birth control.<ref name="Leick2013"/><ref name="Dening1996"/><ref name="NemetNejat"/> Anal sex is also obliquely alluded to by a description of an [[omen]] in which a man "keeps saying to his wife: 'Bring your backside.{{' "}}<ref name="NemetNejat"/> Other Sumerian texts refer to homosexual anal intercourse.<ref name="Dening1996"/> The {{lang|sux|[[gala (priests)|gala]]}}, a set of priests who worked in the temples of the goddess [[Inanna]], where they performed elegies and lamentations, were especially known for their homosexual proclivities.<ref name="Roscoe">{{cite book|last1=Roscoe|first1=Will|last2=Murray|first2=Stephen O.|date=1997|title=Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature|location=New York City, New York|publisher=New York University Press|isbn=0-8147-7467-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Zw-AAAAQBAJ&q=Gordon+1959+gala&pg=PA65|pages=65–66|access-date=October 24, 2020|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310000906/https://books.google.com/books?id=6Zw-AAAAQBAJ&q=Gordon+1959+gala&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> The Sumerian sign for {{lang|sux|gala}} was a [[Typographic ligature|ligature]] of the signs for 'penis' and 'anus'.<ref name="Roscoe"/> One Sumerian proverb reads: "When the {{lang|sux|gala}} wiped off his ass [he said], 'I must not arouse that which belongs to my mistress [i.e., Inanna].'"<ref name="Roscoe"/>
The term ''[[Greek love]]'' has long been used to refer to anal intercourse, and in modern times, "doing it the Greek way" is sometimes used as slang for anal sex.<ref name="Davies">{{cite book|title=Jokes and Target|author=Christie Davies|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|year=2011|pages=155–156|isbn=978-0253223029|access-date=December 23, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cKQt-nCJEOAC&pg=PA155|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310000431/https://books.google.com/books?id=cKQt-nCJEOAC&pg=PA155|url-status=live}}</ref> Male-male anal sex was not a universally accepted practice in [[Ancient Greece]]; it was the target of jokes in some Athenian comedies.<ref name="Roughgarden">{{cite book|title =Evolution's Rainbow: Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality in Nature and People|author=Joan Roughgarden|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2004|pages=[https://archive.org/details/evolutionsrainbo00roug/page/367 367]–376|isbn=0520240731|access-date=December 22, 2013|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionsrainbo00roug|url-access =registration}}</ref> [[Aristophanes]], for instance, mockingly alludes to the practice, claiming, "Most citizens are {{lang|grc|europroktoi}} ('wide-arsed') now."<ref name="Rosen">{{cite book|title=Andreia: Studies in Manliness and Courage in Classical Antiquity|author=Ralph Mark Rosen|author2=Ineke Sluiter|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|year=2003|page=115|isbn=9004119957|access-date=September 15, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ko1iAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310001004/https://books.google.com/books?id=ko1iAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> The terms {{lang|grc|kinaidos}}, {{lang|grc|europroktoi}}, and {{lang|grc|katapygon}} were used by Greek residents to categorize men who chronically<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nussbaum|first1=Martha C.|title=Platonic Love and Colorado Law: The Relevance of Ancient Greek Norms to Modern Sexual Controversies|journal=Virginia Law Review|date=1994|volume=80|issue=7|pages=1562–3|doi=10.2307/1073514|jstor=1073514|quote=the kinaidos is clearly a person who chronically plays the passive role [...] More recently, I have been convinced by arguments of the late John J. Winkler that kinaidos usually connotes willingness to accept money for sex, as well as habitual passivity [...] In any case, there is no doubt that we are not dealing with an isolated act, but rather a type of person who habitually chooses activity that Callicles finds shameful. That, and no view about same-sex relations per se, is the basis of his criticism. In fact, Callicles is depicted as having a young boyfriend of his own. *The boyfriend is named Demos, also the name for the Athenian "people," to whom Callicles is also devoted. It is likely that the pun on the name is sexual: as Callicles seduces Demos, so also the demos. (It would be assumed that he would practice intercrural intercourse with this boyfriend, thus avoiding putting him in anything like the ''kinaidos'' shamed position}}</ref> practiced passive anal intercourse.<ref name="Ember">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World's Cultures Topics and Cultures A-K - Volume 1; Cultures L-Z -|author=Carol R. Ember|author2=Melvin Ember|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]|year=2004|page=207|isbn=030647770X|access-date=September 15, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XUAsskBg8ywC&pg=PA207|archive-date=May 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515091537/https://books.google.com/books?id=XUAsskBg8ywC&pg=PA207|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pederasty in ancient Greece|Pederastic practices in ancient Greece]] (sexual activity between men and adolescent boys), at least in [[Athens]] and [[Sparta]], were expected to avoid penetrative sex of any kind. Greek artwork of sexual interaction between men and boys usually depicted [[Groping|fondling]] or [[intercrural sex]], which was not condemned for violating or [[Feminization (sociology)|feminizing]] boys,<ref name="Clark">{{cite book|title=Desire: A History of European Sexuality|author=Anna Clark|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2012|page=23|isbn=978-1135762919|access-date=December 22, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fFaoI5RbVKQC&pg=PA23|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310000910/https://books.google.com/books?id=fFaoI5RbVKQC&pg=PA23|url-status=live}}</ref> while male-male anal intercourse was usually depicted between males of the same age-group.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dover|first1=Kenneth J.|title=Greek Homosexuality|url=https://archive.org/details/greekhomosexuali00dove_0|url-access=registration|date=1978|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=0674362616|page=[https://archive.org/details/greekhomosexuali00dove_0/page/99 99]}}</ref> Intercrural sex was not considered penetrative and two males engaging in it was considered a "clean" act.<ref name="Roughgarden"/> Some sources explicitly state that anal sex between men and boys was criticized as shameful and seen as a form of [[hubris]].<ref name="Clark"/><ref>David Cohen, "Sexuality, Violence, and the Athenian Law of ''Hubris"'' ''Greece and Rome;'' V.38.2, pp 171-188</ref> Evidence suggests, however, that the younger partner in pederastic relationships (i.e., the {{lang|grc|eromenos}}) did engage in receptive anal intercourse so long as no one accused him of being 'feminine'.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dover|first1=Kenneth J.|title=Greek Homosexuality|url=https://archive.org/details/greekhomosexuali00dove_0|url-access=registration|date=1978|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=0674362616|page=[https://archive.org/details/greekhomosexuali00dove_0/page/107 107]}}</ref>

[[File:Coppa_warren,_5-15_dc.,_02.JPG|thumb|left|Two [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] males on the [[Warren Cup]], British Museum]]

In later [[Greek literature#Roman Age|Roman-era Greek poetry]], anal sex became a common literary convention, represented as taking place with "eligible" youths: those who had attained the proper age but had not yet become adults. Seducing those not of proper age (for example, non-adolescent children) into the practice was considered very shameful for the adult, and having such relations with a male who was no longer adolescent was considered more shameful for the young male than for the one mounting him. Greek courtesans, or [[hetaera]]e, are said to have frequently practiced male-female anal intercourse as a means of preventing pregnancy.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Miller | first1 = James E.|year = 1995 | title = The Practices of Romans 1:26: Homosexual or Heterosexual? | journal = Novum Testamentum | volume = 37 | issue = 1| page = 9 | quote = Heterosexual anal intercourse is best illustrated in Classical vase paintings of hetaerae with their clients, and some scholars interpret this as a form of contraception | doi=10.1163/1568536952613631}}</ref>

A male citizen taking the passive (or receptive) role in anal intercourse ({{lang|la|paedicatio}} in [[Latin]])<ref name="Pollini">{{cite journal |last=Pollini|first=John|title =The Warren Cup: Homoerotic Love and Symposial Rhetoric in Silver | journal =  The Art Bulletin| volume = 81 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–52 |date=March 1999 | doi = 10.2307/3051285|jstor=3051285|quote="I have derived the word pedicate from the Latin paedicare or pedicare, meaning "to penetrate anally." Note 6.}}</ref> was condemned in Rome as an act of {{lang|la|impudicitia}} ('immodesty' or 'un[[chastity]]'); free men, however, could take the active role with a young male slave, known as a {{lang|la|[[catamite]]}} or {{lang|la|puer delicatus}}. The latter was allowed because anal intercourse was considered equivalent to vaginal intercourse in this way; men were said to "take it like a woman" ({{lang|la|muliebria pati}} 'to undergo womanly things') when they were anally penetrated, but when a man performed anal sex on a woman, she was thought of as playing the boy's role.<ref name="Skinner">{{cite book|title=Invading the Roman Body: Manliness and Impenetrability in Roman Thought. Roman Sexualities|author=Marilyn B. Skinner|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|year=1997|pages=14–31|isbn=0-691-01178-8|access-date=February 22, 2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZPC3TqBZEQC&pg=PA14|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310000603/https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZPC3TqBZEQC&pg=PA14|url-status=live}}</ref> Likewise, women were believed to only be capable of anal sex or other sex acts with women if they possessed an exceptionally large clitoris or a dildo.<ref name="Skinner"/> The passive partner in any of these cases was always considered a woman or a boy because being the one who penetrates was characterized as the only appropriate way for an adult male citizen to engage in sexual activity, and he was therefore considered unmanly if he was the one who was penetrated; slaves could be considered "non-citizen".<ref name="Skinner"/> Although Roman men often availed themselves of their own slaves or others for anal intercourse, Roman comedies and plays presented Greek settings and characters for explicit acts of anal intercourse, and this may be indicative that the Romans thought of anal sex as something specifically "Greek".<ref name="Hubbard">{{cite book|title=Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: A Sourcebook of Basic Documents|author=Thomas K. Hubbard|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2003|page=309|isbn=0520234308|access-date=December 22, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nE9RxOP4OE4C&pg=PA309|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310000724/https://books.google.com/books?id=nE9RxOP4OE4C&pg=PA309|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Larcomuseumanalsex.jpg|thumb|Man and woman having anal sex. Ceramic, [[Moche (culture)|Moche]] Culture. 300&nbsp;C.E. [[Larco Museum]] Collection.]]

In Japan, records (including detailed [[Shunga (art)|shunga]]) show that some males engaged in penetrative anal intercourse with males.<ref name="Leupp">{{cite book|title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan|author=Gary P. Leupp|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=1997|page=122|isbn=052091919X|access-date=December 22, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a6q-PqPDAmIC&pg=PA122|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310000606/https://books.google.com/books?id=a6q-PqPDAmIC&pg=PA122|url-status=live}}</ref> Evidence suggestive of widespread male-female anal intercourse in a pre-modern culture can be found in the erotic vases, or stirrup-spout pots, made by the [[Moche (culture)|Moche]] people of Peru; in a survey, of a collection of these pots, it was found that 31 percent of them depicted male-female anal intercourse significantly more than any other sex act.<ref name="Tannahill">{{cite book|title=Sex In History|author=Reay Tannahill|publisher=[[Abacus Books]]|year=1989|pages=297–298|isbn=0349104867|access-date=December 22, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7SUHAAACAAJ|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310000605/https://books.google.com/books?id=z7SUHAAACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Moche pottery of this type belonged to the world of the dead, which was believed to be a reversal of life. Therefore, the reverse of common practices was often portrayed. The [[Larco Museum]] houses an erotic gallery in which this pottery is showcased.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museolarco.org/iep_er.shtml |title=Larco Museum - Lima Peru - Experience Ancient Peru - Permanent Exhibition |publisher=Museolarco.org |access-date=March 14, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304101359/http://www.museolarco.org/iep_er.shtml |archive-date=March 4, 2013 }}</ref>

===Religion===
[[File:Sodoma - Elluin.jpg|thumb|upright|[[François-Rolland Elluin]], ''Sodomites provoking divine wrath'', from ''Le pot-pourri'' (1781)]]
{{Further|Sodomy}}
{{See also|Buddhism and sexual orientation|LGBT topics and Hinduism}}

====Judaism====
The ''[[Mishneh Torah]]'', a text considered authoritative by [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] sects,<ref>Isidore Twersky, ''Introduction to the Code of Maimonides (Mishneh Torah)'', Yale Judaica Series, vol. XII (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1980). passim, and especially Chapter VII, "Epilogue", pp. 515–538.</ref> states "since a man's wife is permitted to him, he may act with her in any manner whatsoever. He may have intercourse with her whenever he so desires and kiss any organ of her body he wishes, and he may have intercourse with her naturally or unnaturally [traditionally, ''unnaturally'' refers to anal and oral sex], provided that he does not expend semen to no purpose. Nevertheless, it is an attribute of piety that a man should not act in this matter with levity and that he should sanctify himself at the time of intercourse."<ref>{{cite book |title=Mishneh Torah |first=Moshe |last=Maimonides |page=Laws Concerning Forbidden Relations 21:9}}</ref>

====Christianity====
{{See also|Sodomy#Christianity}}
Christian texts may sometimes [[Euphemism|euphemistically]] refer to anal sex as the {{lang|la|peccatum contra naturam}} ('the sin against nature', after [[Thomas Aquinas]]) or {{lang|la|Sodomitica luxuria}} ('sodomitical lusts', in one of [[Charlemagne]]'s ordinances), or {{lang|la|peccatum illud horribile, inter christianos non nominandum}} ('that horrible sin that among Christians is not to be named').<ref name="Classen">{{cite book|title=Sexuality in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Times: New Approaches to a Fundamental Cultural-historical and Literary-anthropological Theme|author=Albrecht Classen|publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]]|year=2010|page=13|isbn=978-3110205749|access-date=September 15, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dX0LAQAAMAAJ|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310000312/https://books.google.com/books?id=dX0LAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Fone">{{cite book|title=Homophobia: A History|author=Byrne Fone|publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]|year=2001|page=133|isbn=1466817070|access-date=September 15, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xB-z1WUCKOEC&pg=PA133|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326174742/http://books.google.com/books?id=xB-z1WUCKOEC&pg=PA133|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Crompton">{{cite book|author=Louis Crompton|title=Homosexuality and Civilization|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2009|page=529|isbn=978-0674030060|access-date=September 15, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfBYd9xVaXcC&pg=PA529|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326171737/http://books.google.com/books?id=TfBYd9xVaXcC&pg=PA529|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Islam====
{{Main|Islamic views on anal sex}}

[[File:An ottoman miniature from the book Sawaqub al-Manaquib depicting Homosexuality.jpg|thumb|[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] illustration depicting two young men having sex (from ''Sawaqub al-Manaquib'')]]

{{Transliteration|ar|Liwat}}, or the sin of [[Lot (biblical person)|Lot]]'s people, which has come to be interpreted as referring generally to same-sex sexual activity, is commonly officially prohibited by Islamic sects; there are parts of the [[Quran]] which talk about smiting on [[Sodom and Gomorrah]], and this is thought to be a reference to "unnatural" sex, and so there are [[hadith]] and Islamic laws which prohibit it.<ref name="Leach">{{cite book|author=Mark M Leach|title=Cultural Diversity and Suicide: Ethnic, Religious, Gender, and Sexual Orientation Perspectives|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2014|page=121|isbn=978-1317786597|access-date=September 15, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NqLrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA121|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326182308/http://books.google.com/books?id=NqLrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA121|url-status=live}}</ref> Same-sex male practitioners of anal sex are called ''luti'' or ''lutiyin'' in plural and are seen as criminals in the same way that a thief is a criminal.<ref name="Bambale">{{cite book|author=Yahaya Yunusa Bambale|title=Crimes and Punishments Under Islamic Law|publisher=Malthouse Press Limited|orig-date=2003|year=2008|page=40|isbn=978-9780231590|access-date=September 15, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVGPAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310000311/https://books.google.com/books?id=PVGPAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Conner">{{cite book|author=Randy P. Conner|author2=David Hatfield Sparks|author3=Mariya Sparks|title=Cassell's Encyclopedia of Queer Myth, Symbol, and Spirit: Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Lore|publisher=[[Cassell (publisher)|Cassell]]|orig-date=1997|year=2006|pages=20; 216|isbn=0304337609|access-date=September 15, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yGoYAAAAIAAJ|quote=Indeed, homoeroticism in general and anal intercourse in particular are referred to as liwat, while those (primarily men) engaging in these behaviors are referred to as qaum Lut or Luti, 'the people of Lot.'|archive-date=September 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926183704/https://books.google.com/books?id=yGoYAAAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>