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==Bibliography== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last1=Baker |first1=Adam |last2=Mielke |first2=Jeff |last3=Archangeli |first3=Diana |year=2008 |chapter=More velar than /g/: Consonant Coarticulation as a Cause of Diphthongization |editor1-last=Chang |editor1-first=Charles B. |editor2-last=Haynie |editor2-first=Hannah J. |title=Proceedings of the 26th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics |pages=60–68 |location=Somerville, Massachusetts |publisher=Cascadilla Proceedings Project |isbn=978-1-57473-423-2 |chapter-url=http://www.lingref.com/cpp/wccfl/26/paper1656.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.lingref.com/cpp/wccfl/26/paper1656.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live }}<!-- Referenced in [[Template:/æ/ raising in North American English]] --> * {{cite journal |last=Boberg |first=Charles |year=2008 |title=Regional phonetic differentiation in Standard Canadian English |journal=Journal of English Linguistics |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=129–154 |doi=10.1177/0075424208316648 |s2cid=146478485 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7683591 }}<!-- Referenced in [[Template:/æ/ raising in North American English]] --> * {{cite journal |doi=10.1121/1.418333 |last1=Boyce |first1=S. |last2=Espy-Wilson |first2=C. |year=1997 |title= Coarticulatory stability in American English /r/ |journal=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |volume=101 |issue=6 |pages=3741–3753 |pmid=9193061 |bibcode=1997ASAJ..101.3741B |url=http://www.asel.udel.edu/icslp/cdrom/vol3/216/a216.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.asel.udel.edu/icslp/cdrom/vol3/216/a216.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |citeseerx=10.1.1.16.4174 }} * {{cite book|title=The Phonetics of Dutch and English|edition=5|location=[[Leiden]]/[[Boston]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|year=2002|author1-first=Beverley|author1-last=Collins|author2-first=Inger M.|author2-last=Mees}} * {{cite journal |last1=Delattre |first1=P. |last2=Freeman |first2=D.C. |year=1968 |title=A dialect study of American R's by x-ray motion picture |journal=Linguistics |volume=44 |pages=29–68 }} * {{cite book |last=Duncan |first=Daniel |year=2016 |chapter='Tense' /æ/ is still lax: A phonotactics study |editor1-last=Hansson |editor1-first=Gunnar Ólafur |editor2-last=Farris-Trimble |editor2-first=Ashley |editor3-last=McMullin |editor3-first=Kevin |editor4-last=Pulleyblank |editor4-first=Douglas |title=Supplemental Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Meeting on Phonology |series=Proceedings of the Annual Meetings on Phonology |volume=3 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Linguistic Society of America |doi=10.3765/amp.v3i0.3653 |chapter-url=http://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/amphonology/article/viewFile/3653/3370 |chapter-format=PDF }}<!-- Referenced in [[Template:/æ/ raising in North American English]] --> * {{cite journal |doi=10.1006/jpho.1999.0097 |last1=Hallé |first1=Pierre A. |last2=Best |first2=Catherine T. |last3=Levitt |year=1999 |title=Phonetic vs. phonological influences on French listeners' perception of American English approximants |journal=Journal of Phonetics |volume=27 |pages=281–306 |first3=Andrea |issue=3 }} * {{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Daniel |last2=Roach |first2=Peter |last3=Hartman |first3=James |title=English Pronouncing Dictionary |date=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-68086-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGSXwqTCwpkC |access-date=February 20, 2021 |language=en}} * {{cite book |last1=Kortmann |first1=Bernd |last2=Schneider |first2=Edgar W. |title=A Handbook of Varieties of English |date=2004 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Company KG |isbn=978-3-11-017532-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dptsvykgk3IC |access-date=February 20, 2021 |language=en}} * {{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mtd3a-56ysUC|title= A Handbook of Varieties of English|author-first=William A.|author-last=Kretzchmar|editor-first=Bernd|editor-last=Kortmann|editor2-first=Edgar W.|editor2-last=Schneider|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter|location=Berlin/New York|year=2004|isbn= 9783110175325}} * {{cite book |last=Labov |first=William |date=2012 |title=Dialect diversity in America: The politics of language change |publisher=University of Virginia }} * {{cite journal |last=Labov |first=William |year=2007 |title=Transmission and Diffusion |journal=Language |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=344–387 |doi=10.1353/lan.2007.0082 |jstor=40070845 |citeseerx=10.1.1.705.7860 |s2cid=6255506 |url=https://www.ling.upenn.edu/~wlabov/Papers/TD.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ling.upenn.edu/~wlabov/Papers/TD.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live }}<!-- Referenced in [[Template:/æ/ raising in North American English]] --> * {{Cite book|last1=Labov|first1=William|author-link=William Labov|last2=Ash|first2=Sharon|last3=Boberg|first3=Charles|author3-link=Charles Boberg|year=2006|title=The Atlas of North American English|location=Berlin|publisher=[[Mouton de Gruyter]]|isbn=978-3-11-016746-7}} * {{cite journal |last=Longmore |first=Paul K. |date=2007 |jstor=4139476 |title='Good English without Idiom or Tone': The Colonial Origins of American Speech |journal=The Journal of Interdisciplinary History |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=513–542 |publisher=MIT |doi=10.1162/jinh.2007.37.4.513 |s2cid=143910740 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite book |author-link=Peter Trudgill |last=Trudgill |first=Peter |date=2004 |title=New-Dialect Formation: The Inevitability of Colonial Englishes }} * {{cite book |last1=Wells |first1=John |title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson |isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKIV967F1n4C |access-date=February 20, 2021 |language=en}} * {{Accents of English}} * {{cite journal |doi=10.1159/000259995 |last1=Zawadzki |first1=P.A. |last2=Kuehn |first2=D.P. |year=1980 |title=A cineradiographic study of static and dynamic aspects of American English /r/ |journal=Phonetica |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=253–266 |pmid=7443796 |s2cid=46760239 }} {{Refend}}
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