Editing Amadeo I of Spain (section)

==== Carlist Uprising ====
[[File:Don carlos de borbón nypl.jpg|thumb|[[Carlos de Borbón y Austria-Este|Carlos VII]], Carlist pretender.]]

In the [[April 1872 Spanish general election|April 1872 elections]], Carlists dropped from 51 to 38 seats, empowering their insurrectionist faction over {{Interlanguage link|Cándido Nocedal|es|Cándido Nocedal}}’s neo-Catholic legalists. Their March 8 manifesto hinted at war: “now to the ballot box, then to wherever God calls us.”{{Sfn|Vilches|2001|p=245}} On April 14, [[Carlos de Borbón y Austria-Este|Carlos VII]] ordered elected deputies to boycott the Cortes and launched the [[Third Carlist War]], planned as a fallback if Nocedal's parliamentary strategy failed. Nocedal resigned immediately. In a manifesto, Carlos VII rallied Spaniards:

“The holy religion of our fathers is persecuted... anarchy triumphs, the treasury is plundered... If this continues, the poor will be left without bread and Spain without honour... For the sake of our God, our country, and your King, rise up, Spaniards!”

[[File:Ouverture des Cortès, Madrid, a la fin du discours du Roi, les députés poussent le cri «Mort aux carlistes», de Vierge.jpg|thumb|Deputies shout “Death to the Carlists,” May 1872, [[Le Monde illustré|Le Monde Illustré]].]]

On May 2, Carlos VII entered Spain via [[Bera, Navarre|Vera de Bidasoa]], proclaiming “Down with the foreigner and long live Spain!” Defeated at the {{Interlanguage link|Battle of Oroquieta|es|Batalla de Oroquieta}} on May 4, he fled to France. General [[Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre|Serrano]], commanding the northern army, signed the {{Interlanguage link|Amorebieta Convention|es|Convenio de Amorebieta}} on May 24 with Biscay's Carlist deputies, ending Basque-Aragon fighting via amnesty and reinstating rebel officers—a move criticized as overly lenient by the military, Radicals, and Republicans.{{Sfn|Vilches|2001|pp=254-256}} Catalonia's Carlist activity persisted, with Carlos VII promising to restore Catalan fueros on June 16, until a new Basque-Aragon uprising in December 1872; the war outlasted Amadeo's reign, ending in 1876.{{Sfn|Vilches|2001|p=256}}{{Sfn|López-Cordón|1976|p=46}}