Editing Adelaide (section)

== Demography ==
[[File:Adelaide density.jpg|thumb|Adelaide's population density by mesh blocks (MB), 2016 census]]
Adelaide's inhabitants are known as Adelaideans.<ref name="Salt">{{cite web |url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/ipad/salt-adelaides-european-twin/story-fn6br25t-1226028653784 |first=Bernard |last=Salt |date=27 March 2011 |access-date=16 April 2011 |title=Adelaide's European twin |work=[[Sunday Mail (Adelaide)|Sunday Mail]] |location=Adelaide |publisher=[[News Corp Australia|News Limited]] |quote=[...] the Adelaideans could withdraw to vantage points within the city centre [...] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810171115/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/ipad/salt-adelaides-european-twin/story-fn6br25t-1226028653784 |archive-date=10 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Adelaidean">{{cite web |url=https://www.adelaide.edu.au/adelaidean/issues/81286/news81290.html |title=On your bike, Adelaide |year=2015 |work=Adelaidean |publisher=[[University of Adelaide]] |location=Adelaide |access-date=7 March 2016 |quote=It could be argued that Adelaideans are easily influenced by all things wheels [...] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307115258/https://www.adelaide.edu.au/adelaidean/issues/81286/news81290.html |archive-date=7 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Compared with Australia's other state capitals, Adelaide is growing at a rate similar to Sydney and Hobart (see [[List of cities in Australia by population]]). In 2024, it had a metropolitan population (including suburbs) of 1,469,163,<ref name=GreaterAdelaide>{{cite web|title=Regional Population, 2023-2024 financial year|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/2023-24#capital-cities|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=27 March 2025|access-date=1 April 2025}} Estimated resident population, 30 June 2024.</ref> making it Australia's fifth-largest city. 77%<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3218.0Main%20Features352013-14?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2013-14&num=&view= 3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2013–14] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220171206/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/Latestproducts/3218.0Main%20Features352013-14?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2013-14&num=&view= |date=20 February 2016 }} SOUTH AUSTRALIA STATE SUMMARY Australian Bureau of Statistice, 31 March 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2016.</ref> of the population of South Australia are residents of the Adelaide metropolitan area, making South Australia one of the most centralised states.

Major areas of population growth in recent years have been in outer suburbs such as [[Mawson Lakes, South Australia|Mawson Lakes]] and Golden Grove. Adelaide's inhabitants occupy 366,912 houses, 57,695 semi-detached, row terrace or town houses and 49,413 flats, units or apartments.<ref name="ABS2011">{{cite web |url=http://australiapopulation2016.com/population-of-adelaide-in-2016.html |title=Population Of Adelaide in 2016 |publisher=Australiapopulation2016.com |date=13 January 2016 |access-date=20 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024051824/http://australiapopulation2016.com/population-of-adelaide-in-2016.html |archive-date=24 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

About one sixth (17.1%) of the population had university qualifications. The number of Adelaideans with vocational qualifications (such as tradespersons) fell from 62.1% of the labour force in the 1991 census to 52.4% in the 2001 census.

Adelaide is ageing more rapidly than other Australian capital cities. More than a quarter (27.5%) of Adelaide's population is aged 55&nbsp;years or older, in comparison to the national average of 25.6%. Adelaide has the lowest number of children (under-15-year-olds), who comprised 17.7% of the population, compared to the national average of 19.3%.<ref name="ABS2011" />

=== Ancestry and immigration ===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;"
|+ Country of Birth (2021)<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/4GADE|title=2021 Greater Adelaide, Census Community Profiles |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref>
! Birthplace{{NoteTag|In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, England, Scotland, [[Mainland China]] and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and [[Macau]] are listed separately}} !! Population
|-
| [[Australia]] ||953,200
|-
| [[England]] ||78,486 <!-- England and Scotland are listed separately as per the source. Do not combine -->
|-
| [[India]] || 42,933
|-
| [[Mainland China]] || 24,921 <!-- Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau SARs are listed separately as per the source. Do not combine -->
|-
| [[Vietnam]] || 16,564
|-
| [[Italy]] || 15,667
|-
| [[Philippines]] ||12,826
|-
| [[New Zealand]] ||10,238
|-
| [[Scotland]] ||9,381
|-
| [[Malaysia]] ||8,509
|-
| [[Afghanistan]] ||7,909
|-
| [[Germany]] ||7,680
|-
| [[Greece]] ||7,590
|-
| [[Nepal]] ||7,055
|-
| [[South Africa]] ||6,983
|-
| [[Pakistan]] ||5,432
|-
| [[Iran]] ||5,147
|}
[[File:Adelaide Chinatown.jpg|thumb|A [[paifang]] at the entrance of [[Chinatown, Adelaide|Chinatown]] on Moonta Street in the [[Adelaide Central Market|Central Market precinct]]]]

At the 2021 census, the most commonly nominated ancestries were:<ref name="auto"/> <!-- Only ancestries with >1% are listed. -->
{{columns-list|colwidth=13em|
* [[English Australians|English]] (35.7%)
* Australian (29.2%){{NoteTag|The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry are part of the [[Anglo-Celtic Australian|Anglo-Celtic]] group.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/49f609c83cf34d69ca2569de0025c182!OpenDocument|title = Feature Article – Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article) |author = [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |website=abs.gov.au |date = January 1995 |access-date=16 June 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160420205113/http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs%40.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/49f609c83cf34d69ca2569de0025c182%21OpenDocument|archive-date=20 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
* [[Scottish Australians|Scottish]] (7.9%)
* [[Irish Australians|Irish]] (7.5%)
* [[Italian Australians|Italian]] (7.1%)
* [[German Australians|German]] (6.3%)
* [[Chinese Australians|Chinese]] (4.5%)
* [[Indian Australians|Indian]] (3.3%)
* [[Greek Australian|Greek]] (2.9%)
* [[Vietnamese Australians|Vietnamese]] (1.7%)
* [[Aboriginal Australians|Australian Aboriginal]] (1.6%){{refn|group="N"|Those who nominated their ancestry as "Australian Aboriginal". Does not include [[Torres Strait Islanders]]. This relates to nomination of ancestry and is distinct from persons who identify as Indigenous (Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander) which is a separate question.}}
* [[Dutch Australians|Dutch]] (1.6%)
* [[Filipino Australians|Filipino]] (1.4%)
* [[Polish Australians|Polish]] (1.3%)
}}

Overseas-born Adelaideans composed 31.3% of the total population at the 2021 census. The five largest groups of overseas-born were from England (5.7%), India (3.1%), [[Mainland China]] (1.8%), Vietnam (1.2%) and Italy (1.1%).<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/4GADE|title=2021 Greater Adelaide, Census All persons QuickStats |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref>

Suburbs including [[Newton, South Australia|Newton]], [[Payneham, South Australia|Payneham]] and [[Campbelltown, South Australia|Campbelltown]] in the east and [[Torrensville, South Australia|Torrensville]], [[West Lakes, South Australia|West Lakes]] and [[Fulham, South Australia|Fulham]] to the west, have large [[Greek Australian|Greek]] and [[Italian Australian|Italian]] communities. The Italian consulate is located in the western suburb of [[Hindmarsh, South Australia|Hindmarsh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://protocol.dfat.gov.au/Public/Consulates/97/State/5|title=Foreign embassies and consulates in Australia - Consulate of Italy (SA) |website=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade|access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref> Large [[Vietnamese Australian|Vietnamese]] populations are settled in the north-western suburbs of [[Woodville, South Australia|Woodville]], [[Kilkenny, South Australia|Kilkenny]], [[Pennington, South Australia|Pennington]], [[Mansfield Park, South Australia|Mansfield Park]] and [[Athol Park, South Australia|Athol Park]] and also [[Parafield Gardens, South Australia|Parafield Gardens]] and [[Pooraka, South Australia|Pooraka]] in Adelaide's north. Migrants from [[Indian Australian|India]] and [[Sri Lankan Australian|Sri Lanka]] have settled into inner suburban areas of Adelaide including the inner northern suburbs of [[Blair Athol, South Australia|Blair Athol]], [[Kilburn, South Australia|Kilburn]] and [[Enfield, South Australia|Enfield]] and the inner southern suburbs of [[Plympton, South Australia|Plympton]], [[Park Holme, South Australia|Park Holme]] and [[Kurralta Park, South Australia|Kurralta Park]].{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

Suburbs such as [[Para Hills, South Australia|Para Hills]], [[Salisbury, South Australia|Salisbury]], [[Ingle Farm, South Australia|Ingle Farm]] and [[Blair Athol, South Australia|Blair Athol]] in the north and [[Findon, South Australia|Findon]], [[West Croydon, South Australia|West Croydon]] and [[Seaton, South Australia|Seaton]] and other Western suburbs have sizeable [[Afghan Australian|Afghan]] communities. [[Chinese Australian|Chinese migrants]] favour settling in the eastern and north eastern suburbs including [[Kensington Gardens, South Australia|Kensington Gardens]], [[Greenacres, South Australia|Greenacres]], [[Modbury, South Australia|Modbury]] and [[Golden Grove, South Australia|Golden Grove]]. [[Mawson Lakes, South Australia|Mawson Lakes]] has a large international student population, due to its proximity to the [[University of South Australia]] campus.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zysk |first=Ania |year=2005 |title=Network Mawson Lakes: International and Local Links |url=https://isana.proceedings.com.au/docs/2005/papers%20(pdf)/fri_1030_zysk.pdf#:~:text=Mawson%20Lakes%20is%20the%20main%20campus%20for%20the,approximately%201%20400%20of%20those%20are%20international%20students. |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=Isana Conference Proceedings |page=2 |quote=There are around 5 147 students and approximately 1 400 of those are international students.}}</ref>

At the 2021 census, 1.7% of Adelaide's population identified as being [[Indigenous Australians|Indigenous]] — [[Aboriginal Australians]] and [[Torres Strait Islanders]].{{refn|group="N"|Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.}}<ref name="auto1"/>

=== Language ===
At the 2016 census, 75.4% of the population spoke [[Australian English|English]] at home. The other languages most commonly spoken at home were Italian (2.1%), [[Standard Mandarin]] (2.1%), Greek (1.7%) Vietnamese (1.4%), and [[Cantonese]] (0.7%).<ref name="quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au">{{cite web |url = https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/4GADE?opendocument |title=2016 Greater Adelaide, Census Community Profiles &#124; Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=16 June 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190622062053/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/4GADE%3Fopendocument |archive-date=22 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Kaurna language]], spoken by the area's original inhabitants, had no living speakers in the middle of the 20th century, but since the 1990s there has been a sustained revival effort from academics and Kaurna elders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sahistoryhub.history.sa.gov.au/subjects/kaurna-language-kaurna-warra|title=Kaurna language (Kaurna warra)|last=Amery|first=Rob|date=9 December 2013|access-date=22 October 2022|website=SA History Hub}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
[[File:Saint Nicholas Russian Orthodox Church.jpg|thumb|left|St Nicholas Church, a Russian Orthodox church in [[Wayville, South Australia|Wayville]]. Adelaide's 19th century moniker was ''The City of Churches''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maps.cityofadelaide.com.au/journey/bf1d1188-c13b-11e8-a4a7-024bc0398b11/adelaide-the-city-of-churches|title=Adelaide – the City of Churches|work=cityofadelaide.com.au|access-date=7 August 2022}}</ref>]]

Adelaide was founded on a vision of religious tolerance that attracted a wide variety of religious practitioners. This led to it being known as ''The City of Churches''.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1455 |title=Religion: Diversity |access-date=15 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810123558/http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1455 |archive-date=10 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1466 |title=Religious freedom |access-date=15 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309190732/https://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1466 |archive-date=9 March 2014  }}</ref><ref>[http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1455 Religion: Diversity] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810123558/http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=1455 |date=10 August 2013 }}, SA Memory. Retrieved 23 December 2010.</ref> But approximately 28% of the population expressed no religious affiliation in the 2011 Census, compared with the national average of 22.3%, making Adelaide one of Australia's least religious cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/4GADE?opendocument&navpos=220 |title=2011 Census – Greater Adelaide |access-date=30 October 2020 |archive-date=2 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502004913/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/4GADE?opendocument&navpos=220 |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to 2021 census, 39.8% population of Adelaide identifies as Christian, with the largest denominations being [[Roman Catholic Church in Australia|Catholic]] (16.4%), [[Anglican Church of Australia|Anglican]] (7.0%), [[Uniting Church in Australia|Uniting Church]] (3.9%) and [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]] (2.4%). Non-Christian faith communities representing 9.5% from Adelaide's population, includes [[Islam]] (2.8%), [[Hinduism]] (2.7%) and [[Buddhism]] (2.3%).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religion {{!}} City of Adelaide {{!}} Community profile |url=https://profile.id.com.au/adelaide/religion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715093651/http://profile.id.com.au/adelaide/religion |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 July 2013 |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=profile.id.com.au }}</ref>

The Jewish community of the city dates back to 1840. Eight years later, 58 Jews lived in the city.<ref name=JVL>[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0001_0_00409.html Adelaide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015195622/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0001_0_00409.html |date=15 October 2015 }}, Jewish Virtual Library, Encyclopaedia Judica, 2008.</ref> A synagogue was built in 1871, when 435 Jews lived in the city. Many took part in the city councils, such as [[Judah Moss Solomon]] (1852–66). Three Jews have been elected to the position of [[List of mayors and lord mayors of Adelaide|city mayor]].<ref>[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/793-adelaide Adelaide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108003822/http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/793-adelaide |date=8 November 2014 }}, JewishEncyclopedia.com, 1906.</ref> In 1968, the Jewish population of Adelaide numbered about 1,200;<ref>{{cite web |title=The Jewish Community of Adelaide |url = https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/adelaide |website=Beit Hatfutsot Open Databases Project |publisher=The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot |access-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722155442/https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/adelaide |archive-date=22 July 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> in 2001, according to the Australian census, 979 persons declared themselves to be Jewish by religion.<ref name="JVL" /> In 2011, over 1,000 Jews were living in the city, served by an [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] synagogue, [[Adelaide Hebrew Congregation]] and a [[Reform Judaism|Reform]] synagogue, '''Beit Shalom''', in addition to a virtual Jewish museum. [[Massada College, Adelaide|Massada College]], a Jewish day school opened in the city in 1976 and closed in 2011.<ref>[https://www.jta.org/2011/07/04/global/south-australias-only-jewish-school-to-close South Australia’s only Jewish school to close] ''Jewish Telegraphic Agency''. 4 July 2011</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://adelaidejmuseum.org/ |archive-url =  https://web.archive.org/web/20131216161346/http://www.adelaidejmuseum.org/|url-status=live |title=Adelaide Jewish Museum |archive-date=16 December 2013 |website=adelaidejmuseum.org }}</ref> The [[Adelaide Holocaust Museum and Andrew Steiner Education Centre]] opened in 2020.<ref>[https://gandelfoundation.org.au/2020/11/adelaide-holocaust-museum-is-opening-its-doors-and-the-hearts-of-south-australians/ Adelaide Holocaust Museum is opening its doors and the hearts of South Australians] Gandel Foundation. Retrieved on 17 December 2024</ref>

The "[[Afghan (Australia)|Afghan]]" community in Australia first became established in the 1860s when camels and their Pathan, Punjabi, Baluchi and Sindhi handlers began to be used to open up settlement in the continent's arid interior.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Westrip |first1=J. |last2=Holroyde |first2=P. |year=2010 |title=Colonial Cousins: a surprising history of connections between India and Australia |publisher=[[Wakefield Press (Australia)|Wakefield Press]] |location=[[Kent Town, South Australia]] |isbn=978-1-86254-841-1 |ol=24582860M }}</ref> Until eventually superseded by the advent of the railways and motor vehicles, camels played an invaluable economic and social role in transporting heavy loads of goods to and from isolated settlements and mines. This is acknowledged by the name of [[The Ghan]], the passenger train operating between Adelaide, Alice Springs, and Darwin. The [[Central Adelaide Mosque]] is regarded as Australia's oldest permanent mosque; an earlier [[Marree Mosque|mosque at Marree]] in northern South Australia, dating from 1861 to 1862 and subsequently abandoned or demolished, has now been rebuilt.