Editing Academy Awards (section)

=== Telecast ===
[[File:31st Acad Awards.jpg|thumb|The [[31st Academy Awards]], [[Hollywood Pantages Theatre]], 1959]]
[[File:81st Academy Awards Ceremony.JPG|thumb|The [[81st Academy Awards]], [[Dolby Theatre]], 2009]]
[[File:Dolby Theatre Oscars Los Angeles USA Mar23 IMG 8321.jpg|thumb|The [[95th Academy Awards]], [[Dolby Theatre]], 2023]]

The major awards are presented at a live televised ceremony, commonly in late February or early March following the relevant calendar year, and six weeks after the announcement of the nominees. It is the culmination of the film awards season, which usually begins during November or December of the previous year. This is an elaborate extravaganza, with the invited guests walking up the red carpet in the creations of the most prominent fashion designers of the day. [[Black tie]] dress is the most common outfit for men. Fashion may dictate not wearing a [[bow tie]], and musical performers are sometimes not required to adhere to this. The artists who recorded the nominees for Best Original Song quite often perform those songs live at the awards ceremony, and the fact that they are performing is often used to promote the television broadcast.

The Academy Awards is the world's longest-running awards show televised live from the United States to all time zones in North America and worldwide, and gathers billions of viewers elsewhere throughout the world.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 19, 2016 |title=What was the longest Oscars telecast ever? |url=https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/oscars-what-were-the-longest-ceremony-telecasts-in-academy-awards-history-1.11488884 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212316/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/oscars-what-were-the-longest-ceremony-telecasts-in-academy-awards-history-1.11488884 |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |access-date=October 29, 2019 |website=Newsday}}</ref> The Oscars were first televised [[25th Academy Awards|in 1953]] by [[NBC]], which continued to broadcast the event until [[32nd Academy Awards|1960]], when [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] took over, televising the festivities, including the first color broadcast of the event in [[38th Academy Awards|1966]], to [[42nd Academy Awards|1970]]. NBC regained the rights for five years {{nowrap|(1971–75),}} then ABC resumed broadcast duties in [[48th Academy Awards|1976]] and its current contract with the Academy runs through 2028.<ref>{{cite news |date=August 31, 2016 |title=ABC Signs Expansive New Agreement to Broadcast The Oscars, Hollywood's Biggest Entertainment Ceremony, Through 2028 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |url=http://www.oscars.org/news/abc-signs-expansive-new-agreement-broadcast-oscarsr-hollywoods-biggest-entertainment-ceremony |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202130914/https://www.oscars.org/news/abc-signs-expansive-new-agreement-broadcast-oscarsr-hollywoods-biggest-entertainment-ceremony |archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref>

The Academy has produced condensed versions of the ceremony for broadcast in international markets, especially those outside of the Americas, in more desirable local timeslots. The ceremony was broadcast live internationally for the first time via satellite since 1970, but only two South American countries, Chile and Brazil, purchased the rights to air the broadcast. By that time, the television rights to the Academy Awards had been sold in 50 countries. In 1980, the rights were sold to 60 countries, and by [[56th Academy Awards|1984]], the television rights to the Academy Awards were licensed in 76 countries.

In [[76th Academy Awards|2004]], the ceremonies were moved up from late March/early April to late February, to help disrupt and shorten the intense [[For Your Consideration (advertising)|lobbying and ad campaigns]] associated with [[Oscar season]] in the [[film industry]]. Another reason was because of the growing television ratings success coinciding with the [[NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|NCAA division I men's basketball tournament]], which would cut into the Academy Awards audience. In [[48th Academy Awards|1976]] and [[49th Academy Awards|1977]], ABC's regained Oscars were moved from Tuesday to Monday and went directly opposite the national championship game on NBC. The earlier date is also to the advantage of ABC, as it now usually occurs during the highly profitable and important February [[sweeps]] period.<ref name="Fang">{{cite web |last=Fang |first=Marina |date=June 11, 2019 |title=The Oscars Are Experimenting with a Series Of Date Changes |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/oscars-academy-awards-date-changes_n_5cffe0dee4b02c23d2d2860e |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212338/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/oscars-academy-awards-date-changes_n_5cffe0dee4b02c23d2d2860e |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |access-date=October 29, 2019 |website=HuffPost}}</ref>

Some years, the ceremony is moved into the first Sunday of March to avoid a clash with the [[Winter Olympic Games]]. Another reason for the move to late February and early March is to avoid the awards ceremony occurring so close to the religious holidays of [[Passover]] and Easter, which for decades had been a grievance from members and the general public.<ref name="Fang"/> Advertising is somewhat restricted, as traditionally no film studios or competitors of official Academy Award sponsors may advertise during the telecast. As of 2020, the production of the Academy Awards telecast held the distinction of winning one the highest number of [[Emmy Awards|Emmys]] in history, with 54 wins and 280 nominations overall.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sheehan |first=Paul |date=September 5, 2020 |title=Oscars are one of Emmys' biggest winners |work=Gold Derby |url=https://www.goldderby.com/feature/oscars-emmy-wins-academy-awards-ceremonies-1203685818/ |access-date=November 21, 2023}}</ref>

After many years of being held on Mondays at 6:00{{spaces}}p.m. [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]/9:00{{spaces}}pm [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern]], since the [[71st Academy Awards|1999 ceremony]], it was moved to Sundays at 5:30{{spaces}}pm PT/8:30{{spaces}}pm ET.<ref>{{cite news |last=Carter |first=Bill |date=April 8, 1998 |title=TV Notes; Moving Oscar Night |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/08/movies/tv-notes-moving-oscar-night.html |access-date=March 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304185231/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/08/movies/tv-notes-moving-oscar-night.html |archive-date=March 4, 2014}}</ref> The reasons given for the move were that more viewers would tune in on Sundays, that Los Angeles rush-hour traffic jams could be avoided, and an earlier start time would allow viewers on the East Coast to go to bed earlier.<ref>{{cite news |date=July 1, 1998 |title=Academy Awards will move to Sunday night |work=Reading Eagle |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19980701&id=-CsiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eqYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6637,43314 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713172446/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19980701&id=-CsiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eqYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6637,43314 |archive-date=July 13, 2015 |via=Google News Archive}}</ref> For many years the film industry opposed a Sunday broadcast because it would cut into the weekend box office.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 19, 1999 |title=Never Say Never: Academy Awards move to Sunday |work=The Item |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1980&dat=19990319&id=sKEiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=laoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1224,4570799 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713172447/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1980&dat=19990319&id=sKEiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=laoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1224,4570799 |archive-date=July 13, 2015 |via=Google News Archive}}</ref>

In 2010, the Academy contemplated moving the ceremony even further back into January, citing television viewers' fatigue with the film industry's long awards season. However, such an accelerated schedule would dramatically decrease the voting period for its members, to the point where some voters would only have time to view the contending films streamed on their computers, as opposed to traditionally receiving the films and ballots in the mail. Additionally, a January ceremony on Sunday would clash with [[National Football League]] (NFL) playoff games.<ref>{{cite news |last=Horn |first=John |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Academy looks to move 2012 Oscar ceremony up several weeks |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-oct-05-la-et-oscars-20101005-story.html |access-date=February 28, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308124541/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/oct/05/entertainment/la-et-oscars-20101005 |archive-date=March 8, 2014}}</ref> In 2018, the Academy announced that the ceremony would be moved from late February to mid-February beginning with the 92nd Academy Awards in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 5, 2018 |title=Academy Determines New Oscars Category Merits Further Study |url=https://www.oscars.org/news/academy-determines-new-oscars-category-merits-further-study |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114100723/https://oscars.org/news/academy-determines-new-oscars-category-merits-further-study |archive-date=January 14, 2019 |access-date=January 15, 2019 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |quote=The Board of Governors also voted to move up the date of the 92nd Oscars telecast to Sunday, February 9, 2020, from the previously announced February 23}}</ref> In 2024, the ceremony was moved to an even earlier start time of 4:00{{spaces}}pm PT/7:00{{spaces}}p.m. ET, the apparent impetus being the ability for ABC to air a half-hour of primetime programming as a lead-out program at 7:30{{spaces}}p.m. PT/10:30{{spaces}}p.m. ET.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hammond |first1=Pete |last2=Hipes |first2=Patrick |date=November 30, 2023 |title=Oscars 2024 Ceremony Moves Up Start Time by an Hour; ''Abbott Elementary'' to Follow Telecast on ABC |url=https://deadline.com/2023/11/oscars-2024-start-time-moved-abc-1235644551/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130181158/https://deadline.com/2023/11/oscars-2024-start-time-moved-abc-1235644551/ |archive-date=November 30, 2023 |access-date=November 30, 2023 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref>

Originally scheduled for April 8, 1968, the [[40th Academy Awards]] ceremony was postponed for two days, because of the [[Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.|assassination]] of [[Martin Luther King Jr.|Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.]] On March 30, 1981, the [[53rd Academy Awards]] was postponed for one day, after the [[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan|attempted assassination]] of President [[Ronald Reagan]] and others in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lindsey |first=Robert |date=March 31, 1981 |title=Academy Awards Postponed to Tonight |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/31/arts/academy-awards-postponed-to-tonight.html |url-status=live |access-date=October 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212356/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/31/arts/academy-awards-postponed-to-tonight.html |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In 1993, an ''In Memoriam'' segment was introduced,<ref name="fawcett">{{cite news |last=Child |first=Ben |date=March 10, 2010 |title=Farrah Fawcett:Oscars director apologises for 'In Memoriam' omission |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/mar/10/oscars-farrah-fawcett |url-status=live |access-date=March 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414020632/http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/mar/10/oscars-farrah-fawcett |archive-date=April 14, 2010}}</ref> honoring those who had made a significant contribution to cinema who had died in the preceding 12 months, a selection compiled by a small committee of Academy members.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Sandy |date=March 3, 2010 |title=Oscar's 'In Memoriam' segment is touching to watch, painful to make |work=USA Today |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/movieawards/oscars/2010-03-03-oscar-memorial-segment_N.htm |url-status=live |access-date=March 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306133003/http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/movieawards/oscars/2010-03-03-oscar-memorial-segment_N.htm |archive-date=March 6, 2010}}</ref> This segment has drawn criticism over the years for the omission of some names. Criticism was also levied for many years regarding another aspect, with the segment having a "[[popularity contest]]" feel as the audience varied their applause to those who had died by the subject's cultural impact. The applause has since been muted during the telecast, and the audience is discouraged from clapping during the segment and giving silent reflection instead. This segment was later followed by a commercial break.

In terms of broadcast length, the ceremony generally averages three and a half hours. The first Oscars, in 1929, lasted 15{{spaces}}minutes. At the other end of the spectrum, the 2002 ceremony lasted four hours and twenty-three minutes.<ref>Ehbar, Ned (February 28, 2014). "Did you know?" ''Metro''. New York City. p. 18.</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=March 25, 2002 |title=Halle Berry, Denzel Washington Win Big |publisher=[[Fox News]] |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/halle-berry-denzel-washington-win-big |url-status=live |access-date=March 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514053517/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C48650%2C00.html |archive-date=May 14, 2012}}</ref> In 2010, the organizers of the Academy Awards announced winners' [[Oscar speech|acceptance speeches]] must not run past 45{{spaces}}seconds. This, according to organizer Bill Mechanic, was to ensure the elimination of what he termed "the single most hated thing on the show"—overly long and embarrassing displays of emotion.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jones |first=Sam |date=February 16, 2010 |title=Cut ... all change at Oscars as winners are given just 45{{spaces}}seconds to say thanks |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/feb/16/oscar-winners-speeches-cut |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128143126/http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/feb/16/oscar-winners-speeches-cut |archive-date=January 28, 2011}}</ref> In 2016, in a further effort to streamline speeches, winners' dedications were displayed on an on-screen [[news ticker|ticker]].<ref name="usatoday-thankyouscroll">{{cite web |title=Can the 'thank-you scroll' save Oscar speeches? |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2016/02/25/thank-you-scroll-oscars-telecast/80840490/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228195632/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2016/02/25/thank-you-scroll-oscars-telecast/80840490/ |archive-date=February 28, 2016 |access-date=February 29, 2016 |website=USA Today}}</ref>

During the 2018 ceremony, host [[Jimmy Kimmel]] acknowledged how long the ceremony had become, by announcing that he would give a brand-new [[jet ski]] to whoever gave the shortest speech of the night, a reward won by [[Mark Bridges (costume designer)|Mark Bridges]] when accepting his [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]] award for ''[[Phantom Thread]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=This Costume Designer Won Jimmy Kimmel's Jet Ski at the Oscars |url=https://time.com/5185611/oscars-jet-ski/ |url-status=live |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305125334/http://time.com/5185611/oscars-jet-ski/ |archive-date=March 5, 2018 |access-date=March 5, 2018}}</ref> ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' analyzed the average minutes spent across the 2014–2018 telecasts as follows: 14 on song performances; 25 on the hosts' speeches; 38 on prerecorded clips; and 78 on the awards themselves, broken into 24 on the introduction and announcement, 24 on winners walking to the stage, and 30 on their acceptance speeches.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bellini |first=Jason |date=February 21, 2019 |title=The Oscars Are Famously Long – Where Does the Time Go? |url=https://www.wsj.com/video/the-oscars-are-famously-long-where-does-the-time-go/B4B0FC92-67CE-459E-B971-0E941877A642.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222014509/https://www.wsj.com/video/the-oscars-are-famously-long-where-does-the-time-go/B4B0FC92-67CE-459E-B971-0E941877A642.html |archive-date=February 22, 2019 |access-date=February 22, 2019 |website=The Wall Street Journal |format=Video}}</ref>

Although still dominant in ratings, the viewership of the Academy Awards has steadily dropped. The [[88th Academy Awards]] were the lowest-rated in the past eight years (although with increases in male and 18–49 viewership), while the show itself also faced mixed reception. Following the show, ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' reported that ABC was, in negotiating an extension to its contract to broadcast the Oscars, seeking to have more creative control over the broadcast itself. Currently and nominally, AMPAS is responsible for most aspects of the telecast, including the choice of production staff and hosting, although ABC is allowed to have some input on their decisions.<ref name="variety-struggleabc">{{cite web |date=March 2016 |title=ABC's Oscar Contract Renegotiations: Who'll Get Creative Control? |url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/abc-academy-oscars-deal-renegotiations-oscars-2016-1201718452/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302000335/http://variety.com/2016/tv/news/abc-academy-oscars-deal-renegotiations-oscars-2016-1201718452/ |archive-date=March 2, 2016 |access-date=March 2, 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> In August 2016, AMPAS extended its contract with ABC to 2028: the contract neither contains any notable changes nor gives ABC any further creative control over the telecast.<ref name="variety-2028">{{cite web |date=September 2016 |title=Inside the Oscars Deal: What it Means for ABC and the Academy |url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/abc-oscars-deal-status-quo-1201849487/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901184910/http://variety.com/2016/tv/news/abc-oscars-deal-status-quo-1201849487/ |archive-date=September 1, 2016 |access-date=September 2, 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref>