Editing Zipf's law (section)

==References==
{{Reflist|25em|refs=

<ref name=Auerbach1913>
{{cite journal
 |last=Auerbach |first=F.
 |year=1913
 |title=Das Gesetz der Bevölkerungskonzentration |lang=de
 |journal=Petermann's Geographische Mitteilungen
 |volume=59 |pages=74–76
}}
</ref>
<ref name=zipf1935>
{{cite book
 |first=G.K. |last=Zipf  |author-link=George K. Zipf
 |year=1935
 |title=The Psychobiology of Language
 |publisher=Houghton-Mifflin
 |place=New York, NY
}}
</ref>
<ref name=zipf1932>
{{cite book
 |first=G.K. |last=Zipf  |author-link=George K. Zipf
 |year=1932
 |title=Selected Studies on the Principle of Relative Frequency in Language
 |place=Harvard, MA
 |publisher=Harvard University Press
}}
</ref>
<ref name=king1942>
{{cite journal |last1=Zipf |first1=George Kingsley |title=The Unity of Nature, Least-Action, and Natural Social Science |journal=Sociometry |date=1942 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=48–62 |doi=10.2307/2784953 |jstor=2784953
}}
</ref>
<ref name=zipf1949>
{{cite book
 | first = George K. |last = Zipf |author-link = George K. Zipf
 | year =1949
 | title = Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort
 | place = Cambridge, MA
 | publisher = Addison-Wesley
 | page = 1
 | url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.90211
 | via = archive.org
}}
</ref>
<ref name=bele1959>
{{cite journal
 | last = Belevitch |first = V.
 | date = 18 December 1959
 | title = On the statistical laws of linguistic distributions
 | journal = Annales de la Société Scientifique de Bruxelles
 | volume = 73  | pages = 310–326
 | url = http://www.csl.sri.com/users/neumann/belevitch.pdf
 | url-status = live  | access-date = 24 April 2020
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201215025434/http://www.csl.sri.com/users/neumann/belevitch.pdf
 | archive-date = 15 December 2020
}}
</ref>
<ref name=bril1959>
{{cite book
 |author-link=Léon Brillouin |last=Brillouin |first=Léon
 |orig-year=1959, 1988 |year=2004
 |title=La science et la théorie de l'information |lang=fr
 |trans-title=The Science and Theory of Information
 |quote=réédité en 1988, traduction anglaise rééditée en 2004
}}
</ref>
<ref name=liwe1992>
{{cite journal |first=Wentian |last=Li |title=Random Texts Exhibit Zipf's-Law-Like Word Frequency Distribution |journal=[[IEEE Transactions on Information Theory]] |volume=38 |issue=6 |year=1992 |pages=1842–1845 |doi=10.1109/18.165464
}}
</ref>
<ref name=john1992>
{{cite book  |first1=N.L. |last1=Johnson |first2=S. |last2=Kotz |first3=A. W. |last3=Kemp |author3-link=Adrienne W. Kemp|name-list-style=amp |year=1992 |title=Univariate Discrete Distributions|edition=second |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|location=New York|isbn=978-0-471-54897-3 |page=466
}}
</ref>
<ref name=Powers1998>
{{cite conference
 | last = Powers | first = David M.W.
 | year = 1998
 | title = Applications and explanations of Zipf's law
 | conference = Joint conference on new methods in language processing and computational natural language learning
 | pages = 151–160
 | publisher = Association for Computational Linguistics
 | url = http://aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1218
 | url-status = live  |via=aclweb.org  | access-date = 2015-02-02
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150910142650/http://aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1218
 | archive-date = 2015-09-10
}}
</ref>
<ref name=mann1999>
{{cite book|first1=Christopher D. |last1=Manning| first2=Hinrich |last2=Schütze |date=1999|title=Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing| publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-13360-9|page=24}}
</ref>
<ref name=gaba1999>
{{cite journal |last1=Gabaix |first1=Xavier |title=Zipf's Law for Cities: An Explanation |journal=The Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=1999 |volume=114 |issue=3 |pages=739–767 |doi=10.1162/003355399556133 |jstor=2586883
}}
</ref>
<ref name=adam2000>
{{cite report
 |last = Adamic |first = Lada A.
 |year = 2000
 |title = Zipf, power-laws, and Pareto – a ranking tutorial
 |publisher = [[Hewlett-Packard]] Company
 |edition = re-issue
 |url = https://www.hpl.hp.com/research/idl/papers/ranking/ranking.html
 |url-status = live |access-date = 2023-10-12
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230401225722/https://www.hpl.hp.com/research/idl/papers/ranking/ranking.html
 |archive-date = 2023-04-01
}} {{cite web |title = original publication
 |publisher = [[Xerox Corporation]]
 |website = www.parc.xerox.com
 |url = http://www.parc.xerox.com/istl/groups/iea/papers/ranking/ranking.html
 |url-status = live |access-date = 2016-02-23
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011107195146/http://www.parc.xerox.com/istl/groups/iea/papers/ranking/ranking.html
 |archive-date = 2001-11-07
}}
</ref>
<ref name=piet2001>
{{cite journal
 |first1=L. |last1=Pietronero |first2=E. |last2=Tosatti
 |first3=V. |last3=Tosatti |first4=A. |last4=Vespignani
 |date=2001
 |title=Explaining the uneven distribution of numbers in nature: The laws of Benford and Zipf
 |journal=[[Physica A]]
 |volume=293 |issue=1–2 |pages=297–304
 |doi=10.1016/S0378-4371(00)00633-6
 |bibcode=2001PhyA..293..297P
 |arxiv=cond-mat/9808305
}}
</ref>
<ref name=ferr2003>
{{cite journal
 |first1 = Ramon     |last1 = Ferrer i Cancho
 |first2 = Ricard V. |last2 = Sole | name-list-style = amp
 |year= 2003
 |title = Least effort and the origins of scaling in human language
 |journal= [[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]]
 |volume= 100  |issue= 3  |pages= 788–791
 |pmid=12540826  |pmc=298679
 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.0335980100 |doi-access = free
 |bibcode = 2003PNAS..100..788C
}}</ref>
<ref name=Galien>
{{cite web
 |first=Johan Gerard |last=van der Galien
 |date=2003-11-08
 |title=Factorial randomness: The laws of Benford and Zipf with respect to the first digit distribution of the factor sequence from the natural numbers
 |website=zonnet.nl
 |url=http://home.zonnet.nl/galien8/factor/factor.html
 |access-date=8 July 2016
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305150334/http://home.zonnet.nl/galien8/factor/factor.html
 |archive-date=2007-03-05
}}
</ref>
<ref name=zann2004>
{{cite arXiv |last=Zanette |first=Damián H. |eprint=cs/0406015 |title=Zipf's law and the creation of musical context |date=June 7, 2004}}</ref>
<ref name=efte2006>{{cite journal |first=Ali |last=Eftekhari |date=2006 |title=Fractal geometry of texts: An initial application to the works of Shakespeare |journal=Journal of Quantitative Linguistic |volume=13 |issue=2–3 |pages=177–193 |doi=10.1080/09296170600850106
}}
</ref>
<ref name=ganl2006>
{{cite journal |last1=Gan |first1=Li |last2=Li |first2=Dong |last3=Song |first3=Shunfeng |title=Is the Zipf law spurious in explaining city-size distributions? |journal=Economics Letters |date=August 2006 |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=256–262 |doi=10.1016/j.econlet.2006.03.004
}}
</ref>
<ref name=mana2006>
{{cite conference
 |first1=Bill   |last1=Manaris        |first2=Luca    |last2=Pellicoro
 |first3=George |last3=Pothering      |first4=Harland |last4=Hodges
 |date=13 February 2006
 |title=Investigating Esperanto's statistical proportions relative to other languages using neural networks and Zipf's law
 |conference=Artificial Intelligence and Applications
 |location=Innsbruck, Austria
 |pages=102–108
 |url=http://www.cs.cofc.edu/~manaris/uploads/Main/IASTED2006.pdf
 |url-status=dead  |via=cs.cofc.edu
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305040450/http://www.cs.cofc.edu/~manaris/uploads/Main/IASTED2006.pdf
 |archive-date=5 March 2016
}}
</ref>
<ref name=skot2020>
{{cite conference
 | last = Skotarek  | first= Dariusz
 | date = 12–14 October 2020
 | title = Zipf's law in Toki Pona
 | conference = ExLing 2020: 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics
 | place = Athens, Greece
 | publisher = ExLing Society
 | isbn = 978-618-84585-1-2
 | doi = 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0047/000462
 | url = https://exlingsociety.com/wp-content/uploads/proceedings/exling-2020/11_0047_000462.pdf
 | via = exlingsociety.com
}}
</ref>
<ref name=fagan2010>
{{cite book
|first1=Stephen|last1=Fagan
 |first2=Ramazan|last2=Gençay
 |year=2010
 |section=An introduction to textual econometrics
  |title=Handbook of Empirical Economics and Finance
 |editor1-first=Aman       |editor1-last=Ullah
 |editor2-first=David E.A. |editor2-last=Giles
 |publisher=CRC Press
 |isbn=9781420070361
 |pages=133–153, esp.&nbps;[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QAUv9R6bJzwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA139 139]
 |quote=For example, in the Brown Corpus, consisting of over one million words, half of the word volume consists of repeated uses of only 135&nbsp;words.
}}
</ref>
<ref name=neum2011>
{{cite report
 |last = Neumann |first=P.G.  |author-link = Peter G. Neumann
 |date = c. 2022
 |title = Statistical metalinguistics and Zipf / Pareto / Mandelbrot
 |publisher = [[SRI International]]
 |place = Menlo Park, CA 
 |series = Computer Science Laboratory |volume = 12A
 |url = http://www.csl.sri.com/users/neumann/#12a
 |access-date = 29 May 2011  |via = sri.com
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110605012951/http://www.csl.sri.com/users/neumann/  
 |archive-date = 2011-06-05 |df = dmy-all
}}
</ref>
<ref name=mont2013>
{{cite journal |last1=Montemurro |first1=Marcelo A. |last2=Zanette |first2=Damián H. |title=Keywords and Co-Occurrence Patterns in the Voynich Manuscript: An Information-Theoretic Analysis |journal=PLOS ONE |date=21 June 2013 |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=e66344 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0066344
|doi-access=free |pmid=23805215 |pmc=3689824 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...866344M }}
</ref>
<ref name=piant2014>
{{cite journal |last1=Piantadosi |first1=Steven |date=March 25, 2014 |title=Zipf's word frequency law in natural language: A critical review and future directions |journal=Psychon Bull Rev |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=1112–1130 |doi=10.3758/s13423-014-0585-6 |pmid=24664880 |pmc=4176592
}}
</ref>
<ref name=linr2014>
{{cite arXiv
 |last1 = Lin  |first1 = Ruokuang
 |last2 = Ma   |first2 = Qianli D.Y.
 |last3 = Bian |first3 = Chunhua
 |year = 2014
 |title=Scaling laws in human speech, decreasing emergence of new words, and a generalized model
 |eprint = 1412.4846
 |class = cs.CL
}}
</ref>
<ref name=erik2014>
{{cite book |doi=10.1109/BMSB.2013.6621700 |chapter=Efficient interactive multicast over DVB-T2 - Utilizing dynamic SFNS and PARPS |title=2013 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB) |date=2013 |last1=Eriksson |first1=Magnus |last2=Rahman |first2=S.M. Hasibur |last3=Fraile |first3=Francisco |last4=Sjostrom |first4=Marten |pages=1–7 |isbn=978-1-4673-6047-0 |chapter-url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19142 }}
</ref>
<ref name=vita2015>
{{cite journal |last1=Vitanov |first1=Nikolay K. |last2=Ausloos |first2=Marcel |title=Test of two hypotheses explaining the size of populations in a system of cities |journal=Journal of Applied Statistics |date=2 December 2015 |volume=42 |issue=12 |pages=2686–2693 |doi=10.1080/02664763.2015.1047744
|arxiv=1506.08535 |bibcode=2015JApSt..42.2686V }}
</ref>

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{{Cite journal|last1=Doyle|first1=Laurance R.|last2=Mao|first2=Tianhua|date=2016-11-18|title=Why Alien Language Would Stand Out Among All the Noise of the Universe|url=http://cosmos.nautil.us/feature/54/listening-for-extraterrestrial-blah-blah|journal=[[Nautilus Quarterly]]|language=en|access-date=2020-08-30|archive-date=2020-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729120031/http://cosmos.nautil.us/feature/54/listening-for-extraterrestrial-blah-blah|url-status=live
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</ref> -->

<ref name=moha2016>
{{cite conference |url=https://comparable.limsi.fr/bucc2016/pdf/BUCC04.pdf |title=Parallel Document Identification using Zipf's Law |last1=Mohammadi |first1=Mehdi |date=2016 |book-title=Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Building and Using Comparable Corpora |pages=21–25 |location=Portorož, Slovenia |conference=LREC 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323154706/https://comparable.limsi.fr/bucc2016/pdf/BUCC04.pdf |archive-date=2018-03-23
}}
</ref>
<ref name=more2016>
{{cite journal |last1 = Moreno-Sánchez |first1 = I. |last2 = Font-Clos |first2 = F. |last3 = Corral |first3 = A. |year = 2016 |title = Large-scale analysis of Zipf's Law in English texts |journal = PLOS ONE |volume = 11 |issue = 1 |page = e0147073 |doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0147073 |doi-access = free |pmid =26800025 |pmc = 4723055 |arxiv = 1509.04486 |bibcode = 2016PLoSO..1147073M
}}
</ref>
<ref name=arsh2018>
{{cite journal |last1=Arshad |first1=Sidra |last2=Hu |first2=Shougeng |last3=Ashraf |first3=Badar Nadeem |title=Zipf's law and city size distribution: A survey of the literature and future research agenda |journal=Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications |date=February 2018 |volume=492 |pages=75–92 |doi=10.1016/j.physa.2017.10.005
|bibcode=2018PhyA..492...75A |url=https://openresearch.lsbu.ac.uk/download/3b8d8d206550684f2defbe277400272d5ee2931f4fa5e4a5ce1ac3918415e8c8/685715/Zipf%27s%20law%20and%20city%20size%20distribution-Haplo.pdf }}
</ref>
<ref name=boyle2022>
{{Cite web|last=Boyle|first=Rebecca|title=Mystery text's language-like patterns may be an elaborate hoax|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2106915-mystery-texts-language-like-patterns-may-be-an-elaborate-hoax/|access-date=2022-02-25|website=New Scientist|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518100834/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2106915-mystery-texts-language-like-patterns-may-be-an-elaborate-hoax/|url-status=live
}}
</ref>
<ref name=verb2020>
{{cite journal |last1=Verbavatz |first1=Vincent |last2=Barthelemy |first2=Marc |title=The growth equation of cities |journal=Nature |date=19 November 2020 |volume=587 |issue=7834 |pages=397–401 |doi=10.1038/s41586-020-2900-x
|pmid=33208958 |arxiv=2011.09403 |bibcode=2020Natur.587..397V }}
</ref>
<ref name=fern2020>
{{cite journal |last1=Fernholz |first1=Ricardo T. |last2=Fernholz |first2=Robert |title=Zipf's law for atlas models |journal=Journal of Applied Probability |date=December 2020 |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=1276–1297 |doi=10.1017/jpr.2020.64
}}
</ref>

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{{Cite book |last=Kershenbaum|first=Arik |title=The Zoologist's Guide to the Galaxy: What Animals on Earth Reveal About Aliens - and Ourselves |title-link=The Zoologist's Guide to the Galaxy|date=2021-03-16|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-1-9848-8197-7|pages=251–256|language=en|oclc=1242873084|author-link=Arik Kershenbaum
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<ref name=lazz2023>
{{cite journal |last1=Lazzardi |first1=Silvia |last2=Valle |first2=Filippo |last3=Mazzolini |first3=Andrea |last4=Scialdone |first4=Antonio |last5=Caselle |first5=Michele |last6=Osella |first6=Matteo |title=Emergent statistical laws in single-cell transcriptomic data |journal=Physical Review E |date=27 April 2023 |volume=107 |issue=4 |page=044403 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevE.107.044403
|pmid=37198814 |bibcode=2023PhRvE.107d4403L }}
</ref>
<ref name=taot2012>
{{cite journal |last1=Tao |first1=Terence |title=E pluribus unum : From Complexity, Universality |journal=Daedalus |date=July 2012 |volume=141 |issue=3 |pages=23–34 |doi=10.1162/DAED_a_00158
|doi-access=free }}
</ref>
<ref name=droo2016>
{{cite report
 |first=Frans J. |last=van Droogenbroeck
 |year=2016
 |title=Handling the Zipf distribution in computerized authorship attribution
 |url=https://www.academia.edu/24147736  |via=academia.edu
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004183920/https://www.academia.edu/24147736
 |archive-date=2023-10-04
}}
</ref>
<ref name=droo2019>
{{cite report
 |first=Frans J. |last=van Droogenbroeck
 |year=2019
 |title=An essential rephrasing of the Zipf-Mandelbrot law to solve authorship attribution applications by Gaussian statistics
 |url=https://www.academia.edu/40029629  |via=academia.edu
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930174355/https://www.academia.edu/40029629
 |archive-date=2023-09-30
}}
</ref>
<ref name=dm2002>
{{cite journal |last1=Dorogovtsev |first1=S. N. |last2=Mendes |first2=J. F. F. |title=Language as an evolving word web |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |date=22 December 2001 |volume=268 |issue=1485 |pages=2603–2606 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2001.1824 |pmc=1088922 |pmid=11749717
}}
</ref>
<ref name=cancho2001>{{Cite journal |last1=Ferrer Cancho |first1=Ramon |last2=Solé |first2=Ricard V. |date=December 2001 |title=Two Regimes in the Frequency of Words and the Origins of Complex Lexicons: Zipf's Law Revisited |journal=Journal of Quantitative Linguistics |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=165–173 |doi=10.1076/jqul.8.3.165.4101 |hdl=2117/180381 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name=axte2001>
{{cite journal |last1=Axtell |first1=Robert L. |title=Zipf Distribution of U.S. Firm Sizes |journal=Science |date=7 September 2001 |volume=293 |issue=5536 |pages=1818–1820 |doi=10.1126/science.1062081
|pmid=11546870 |bibcode=2001Sci...293.1818A }}
</ref>
<ref name=chen2011>
{{cite conference
 |first1=Ramu |last1=Chenna
 |first2=Toby |last2=Gibson
 |year=2011
 |title=Evaluation of the suitability of a Zipfian gap model for pairwise sequence alignment
 |id=BIC&nbsp;4329
 |conference=International Conference on Bioinformatics Computational Biology
 |url=http://www.worldcomp-proceedings.com/proc/p2011/BIC4329.pdf
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306154522/http://www.worldcomp-proceedings.com/proc/p2011/BIC4329.pdf
 |archive-date=2014-03-06 |df=dmy-all
}}
</ref>

}} <!-- end "refs=" -->