Editing Zebra (section)

==Human relations==
===Cultural significance===
[[File:Brandberg-Peintures rupestres San (4).jpg|thumb|alt=San rock art depicting a zebra |[[San rock art]] depicting a zebra]]
With their distinctive black-and-white stripes, zebras are among the most recognizable mammals. They have been associated with beauty and grace, with naturalist [[Thomas Pennant]] describing them in 1781 as "the most elegant of quadrupeds". Zebras have been popular in photography, with some wildlife photographers describing them as the most photogenic animal. They have become staples in children's stories and wildlife-themed art, such as depictions of [[Noah's Ark]]. In children's [[alphabet book]]s, the animals are often used to represent the letter 'Z'. Zebra stripe patterns are popularly used for body paintings, dress, furniture and architecture.{{sfn|Plumb|Shaw|2018|pp=10–13, 40–41, 134–140, 189}}

Zebras have been featured in [[African art]] and [[African culture|culture]] for millennia. They are depicted in [[rock art]] in Southern Africa dating from 28,000 to 20,000 years ago, though less often than antelope species like [[Common eland|eland]]. How the zebra got its stripes has been the subject of [[African folklore|folk tales]], some of which involve it being scorched by fire. The [[Maasai people|Maasai]] proverb "a man without culture is like a zebra without stripes" has become popular in Africa. The [[San people]] connected zebra stripes with water, rain and lightning, and [[water spirit]]s were conceived of having these markings.{{sfn|Plumb|Shaw|2018|pp=37–44}}
[[File:Zebra Stripes Glen Raven 1908.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=Illustration of a business's "Zebra Stripes" logo | "Zebra Stripes," trademark for the defunct [[Glen Raven, Inc.|Glen Raven Cotton Mills Company]]]]
For the [[Shona people]], the zebra is a [[totem]] animal and is glorified in a poem as an "iridescent and glittering creature". Its stripes have symbolised the union of male and female and at the ruined city of [[Great Zimbabwe]], zebra stripes decorate what is believed to be a ''domba'', a school meant to prepare girls for adulthood. In the [[Shona language]], the name ''madhuve'' means "woman/women of the zebra totem" and is a name for girls in [[Zimbabwe]]. The plains zebra is the [[national animal]] of Botswana and zebras have been depicted on stamps during [[Scramble for Africa|colonial]] and post-colonial Africa. For people of the [[African diaspora]], the zebra represented the politics of race and identity, being both black and white.{{sfn|Plumb|Shaw|2018|pp=45–50}}

In cultures outside of its range, the zebra has been thought of as a more exotic alternative to the horse; the comic book character [[Sheena, Queen of the Jungle]], is depicted riding a zebra and explorer [[Osa Johnson]] was photographed riding one. The film ''[[Racing Stripes]]'' features a captive zebra ostracised from the horses and ends up being ridden by a rebellious girl. Zebras have been featured as characters in animated films like ''[[Khumba]]'', ''[[The Lion King]]'' and the [[Madagascar (franchise)|''Madagascar'' films]] and television series such as ''[[Zou (TV series)|Zou]]''.{{sfn|Plumb|Shaw|2018|pp=167–169, 188, 192–194, 200–201}}

Zebras have been popular subjects for [[Abstract art|abstract]], [[modernism|modernist]] and [[Surrealism|surrealist]] artists. Such art includes [[Christopher Wood (painter)|Christopher Wood]]'s ''Zebra and Parachute'', [[Lucian Freud]]'s ''The Painter's Room'' and ''Quince on a Blue Table'' and the various paintings of [[Mary Fedden]] and [[Sidney Nolan]]. [[Victor Vasarely]] depicted zebras as black and white lines and connected in a [[jigsaw puzzle]] fashion. [[Carel Weight]]'s ''Escape of the Zebra from the Zoo during an Air Raid'' was based on a real life incident of a zebra escaping during [[London Zoo#Second World War 1939–1945|the bombing of London Zoo]] and consists of four comic book-like panels. Zebras have lent themselves to products and advertisements, notably for 'Zebra Grate Polish' cleaning supplies by British manufacturer [[Reckitt and Sons]] and Japanese pen manufacturer [[Zebra (pen manufacturer)|Zebra Co., Ltd.]]{{sfn|Plumb|Shaw|2018|pp=128–131, 141–149}}

===Captivity===
[[File:George Stubbs - Zebra - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright|alt= A portrait of a zebra by George Stubbs | ''Zebra'' (1763) by [[George Stubbs]]. A portrait of [[Queen Charlotte]]'s zebra]]
Zebras have been kept in captivity since at least the [[Roman Empire]]. In later times, captive zebras have been shipped around the world, often for diplomatic reasons. In 1261, Sultan [[Baibars]] of [[Bahri dynasty|Egypt]] established an embassy with [[Alfonso X of Castile]] and sent a zebra and other exotic animals as gifts. In 1417, a zebra was gifted to the Chinese people by Somalia and displayed before the [[Yongle Emperor]]. The fourth [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] emperor [[Jahangir]] received a zebra from Ethiopia in 1620 and [[Ustad Mansur]] made a painting of it. In the 1670s, [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopian Emperor]] [[Yohannes I]] exported two zebras to the Dutch governor of [[Jakarta]]. These animals would eventually be given by the Dutch to the [[Tokugawa Shogunate]] of Japan.{{sfn|Plumb|Shaw|2018|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8GxaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT59 55–62], 65–66}}

When [[Queen Charlotte]] received a zebra as a wedding gift in 1762, the animal became a source of fascination for the people of Britain. Many flocked to see it at its [[paddock]] at [[Buckingham Palace]]. It soon became the subject of humour and satire, being referred to as "The Queen's Ass", and was the subject of an oil painting by [[George Stubbs]] in 1763. The zebra also gained a reputation for being ill-tempered and kicked at visitors.{{sfn|Plumb|Shaw|2018|pp=76–78, 81}} In 1882, Ethiopia sent a zebra to French president [[Jules Grévy]], and the species it belonged to was named in his honour.<ref name="Prothero 2003" />
[[File:WalterRothschildWithZebras.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=Walter Rothschild with a carriage drawn by four zebra |[[Walter Rothschild]] with a zebra carriage]]
Attempts to [[domesticate]] zebras were largely unsuccessful. It is possible that having evolved under pressure from the many large predators of Africa, including early humans, they became more aggressive, thus making domestication more difficult.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Story Of... Zebra and the Puzzle of African Animals |website=PBS |access-date=13 August 2020|url=https://www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/variables/zebra.html}}</ref> However, zebras have been [[animal training|trained]] throughout history. In Rome, zebras are recorded to have pulled chariots during [[amphitheatre]] games starting in the reign of [[Caracalla]] (198 to 217 AD).{{sfn|Plumb|Shaw|2018|p=56}} In the late 19th century, the zoologist [[Walter Rothschild]] trained some zebras to draw a carriage in England, which he drove to Buckingham Palace to demonstrate that it can be done. However, he did not ride on them knowing that they were too small and aggressive.<ref>{{cite web |author=Young|first= R. |title=Can Zebras Be Domesticated and Trained? |publisher=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/quora/2013/09/04/can_zebras_be_domesticated_and_trained.html |access-date=4 September 2013 |date=23 May 2013}}</ref> In the early 20th century, [[German East Africa|German colonial officers in East Africa]] tried to use zebras for both driving and riding, with limited success.<ref>{{cite book |author=Gann|first1= L. |last2=Duignan|first2= Peter |year=1977 |title=The Rulers of German Africa, 1884–1914 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |page=206 |isbn=978-0-8047-6588-6}}</ref>