Editing Yerevan (section)

===Iranian rule===
{{See also|Iranian Armenia (1502–1828)|Erivan Khanate}}
[[File:Chardin Yerevan 1811.jpg|thumb|An illustration of Yerevan by French traveler [[Jean Chardin]] in 1673 while he was travelling through the [[Safavid Empire]]]]

In 1501–02, most of the [[Eastern Armenia]]n territories including Yerevan were swiftly conquered by the emerging [[Safavid dynasty]] of Iran led by Shah [[Ismail I]].<ref>Steven R. Ward. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MOuVAgAAQBAJ&dq=shah+ismail+conquers+armenia+in&pg=PA43 ''Immortal, Updated Edition: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005033710/https://books.google.nl/books?id=MOuVAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA43&dq=shah+ismail+conquers+armenia+in&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=qktRVeLjO4i07gbns4CwCg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=shah%20ismail%20conquers%20armenia%20in&f=false |date=5 October 2017 }} pp 43. Georgetown University Press, 8 January 2014 {{ISBN|1626160325}}</ref> Soon after in 1502, Yerevan became the centre of the [[Erivan Province (Safavid Empire)|Erivan Province]], a new administrative territory of Iran formed by the Safavids. For the following 3 centuries, it remained, with brief intermissions, under the Iranian rule. Due to its strategic significance, Yerevan was initially often fought over, and passed back and forth, between the dominion of the rivaling [[Safavid Empire|Iranian]] and [[Ottoman Empire]], until it permanently became controlled by the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavids]]. In 1555, Iran had secured its legitimate possession over Yerevan with the Ottomans through the [[Peace of Amasya|Treaty of Amasya]].<ref>''A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East'', Vol. II, ed. Spencer C. Tucker, (ABC-CLIO, 2010). 516.</ref>

In 1582–1583, the Ottomans led by [[Serdar Ferhad Pasha]] took brief control over Yerevan. Ferhad Pasha managed to build the [[Erivan Fortress]] on the ruins of one thousand-years old ancient Armenian fortress, on the shores of Hrazdan river.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.religions.am/files/788/library/historic/H006.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073943/http://www.religions.am/files/788/library/historic/H006.pdf|title=History of Eastern Armenia|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=3 January 2021}}</ref> However, Ottoman control ended in 1604 when the Persians regained Yerevan as a result of [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–18)|first Ottoman-Safavid War]].{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

Shah [[Abbas I of Persia]] who ruled between 1588 and 1629, ordered the [[Great Surgun|deportation of hundreds of thousands of Armenians]] including citizens from Yerevan to mainland [[Persia]]. As a consequence, Yerevan significantly lost its Armenian population who had declined to 20%, while Muslims including Persians, Turks, Kurds and Tatars gained dominance with around 80% of the city's population. Muslims were either sedentary, semi-sedentary, or nomadic. Armenians mainly occupied the Kond neighbourhood of Yerevan and the rural suburbs around the city. However, the Armenians dominated over various professions and trade in the area and were of great economic significance to the Persian administration.<ref name="v8f5">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071009205010/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v8f5/v8f561.html Encyclopaedia Iranica]}} (George A. Bournoutian and Robert H. Hewsen, Erevan)</ref>
[[File:Kond 1.JPG|thumb|left|[[Kond]], a historic neighbourhood of Yerevan, formed during the 17th century]]
[[File:Erivan1796.jpg|thumb|Yerevan in 1796 in the [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar era]], by G. Sergeevich. An Armenian church can be seen on the left and a Persian mosque on the right.]]
During the [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39)|second Ottoman-Safavid War]], Ottoman troops under the command of Sultan [[Murad IV]] conquered the city on 8 August 1635. Returning in triumph to [[Constantinople]], he opened the "Yerevan Kiosk" (''Revan Köşkü'') in [[Topkapı Palace]] in 1636. However, Iranian troops commanded by [[Safi of Persia|Shah Safi]] retook Yerevan on 1 April 1636. As a result of the [[Treaty of Zuhab]] in 1639, the Iranians reconfirmed their control over Eastern Armenia, including Yerevan. On 7 June 1679, [[1679 Armenia earthquake|a devastating earthquake]] razed the city to the ground.

In 1724, the Erivan Fortress was besieged by the Ottoman army.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} After a period of resistance, the fortress fell to the Turks. As a result of the Ottoman invasion, the Erivan Province of the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavids]] was dissolved.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

Following a brief period of Ottoman rule over Eastern Armenia between 1724 and 1736, and as a result of the fall of the Safavid dynasty in 1736, Yerevan along with the adjacent territories became part of the newly formed administrative territory of [[Erivan Khanate]] under the [[Afsharid dynasty]] of Iran, which encompassed an area of {{convert|15,000|km²|abbr=off}}. The [[Afsharid dynasty|Afsharids]] controlled Eastern Armenia from the mid-1730s until the 1790s. Following the fall of the Afsharids, the [[Qajar dynasty]] of Iran took control of Eastern Armenia until 1828, when the region was [[Russo-Persian War (1826-1828)|conquered]] by the Russian Empire after their victory over the Qajars that resulted in the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]] of 1828.<ref>Timothy C. Dowling [https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&pg=PA728 ''Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626144341/https://books.google.nl/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA728&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=QnOXVJXpCcz7UPevhPAK&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=russo%20persian%20war%201804-1813&f=false |date=26 June 2015 }} pp 728–729 ABC-CLIO, 2 December 2014 {{ISBN|1598849484}}</ref>