Editing World's fair (section)

==Legacies==

===Remaining structures===
[[File:Georges Garen embrasement tour Eiffel.jpg|thumb|upright|Chromolithograph of the [[Eiffel Tower]] illuminations in 1889]]
[[File:Seattle world fair stamp.jpg|thumb|upright|The Space Needle and Monorail depicted on this 1962 stamp]]

Most of the structures are temporary and are dismantled after the fair closes, except for landmark towers. By far the most famous of these is the [[Eiffel Tower]], built for the [[Exposition Universelle (1889)]]. Although it is now the most recognized symbol of its host city [[Paris]], there were contemporary critics opposed to its construction, and demands for it to be dismantled after the fair's conclusion.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Controversy about the Eiffel Tower|url=http://paris-eiffel-tower-news.com/eiffel-tower-stories/eiffel-tower-controversy.htm|website=Paris Eiffel Tower News|access-date=3 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305103625/http://paris-eiffel-tower-news.com/eiffel-tower-stories/eiffel-tower-controversy.htm|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Other structures that remain from these fairs:
* 1851 – London: [[The Crystal Palace]], from the first World's Fair in London, designed so that it could be recycled to recoup losses, was such a success that it was moved and intended to be permanent, only to be destroyed by a fire in 1936.<ref name="burning">{{cite web|url=http://www.wardsbookofdays.com/1december.htm|access-date=19 June 2014|title=Crystal Palace: Joseph Paxton – Transported by moving company}}</ref>
* 1876 – Philadelphia: The [[Centennial Exposition]]'s main building, [[Memorial Hall (Philadelphia)|Memorial Hall]], is still in [[Fairmount Park]], [[Philadelphia]], and serving as the new home for the [[Please Touch Museum]]. The space under the entrance to [[Memorial Hall (Philadelphia)|Memorial Hall]] houses a scale model of the entire Exposition.
* 1880 – Melbourne: The [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage]]–listed [[Royal Exhibition Building]] in [[Melbourne]], constructed for the [[Melbourne International Exhibition (1880)|Melbourne International Exhibition]].
* 1893 – Chicago: The [[Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)|Museum of Science and Industry]] in [[Chicago]] is housed in the former Palace of Fine Arts, one of the last remaining buildings of the [[World's Columbian Exposition]]. In conjunction with the fair, the [[Art Institute of Chicago]] building was built to house conferences, as the World's Congress Auxiliary Building. The [[Garden of the Phoenix]], a remnant of the Japanese pavilion, also survives. The intent or hope was to make all Columbian structures permanent, but most of the structures burned, possibly the result of arson during the [[Pullman Strike]]. The foundation of the world's first [[Ferris wheel]], which operated at the Exposition, was unearthed on the [[Midway Plaisance|Chicago Midway]] during a construction project by [[University of Chicago|the University of Chicago]], whose campus now surrounds the Midway. Relocated survivors include the Norway pavilion, a small house now at a museum in Wisconsin, and the Maine State Building, now at the Poland Springs Resort in Maine.
* 1894 – San Francisco: The [[Japanese Tea Garden (San Francisco, California)|Japanese Tea Garden]] in [[San Francisco]]'s [[Golden Gate Park]] is the last major remnant of the [[California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894|California Midwinter International Exposition]].<!--Note that the De Young Museum building stripped of its exterior ornament circa 1940, damaged in the 1989 quake, then demolished in 2001 was NOT the Fine Arts Building from the 1894 fair, which was badly damaged in the 1906 quake, but a completely different circa 1920 replacement.--> Large ornamental wooden gates and a pagoda from the 1915 [[Panama–Pacific International Exposition]] were brought in after the latter fair closed,<ref>[https://archive.today/20130221082642/http://home.comcast.net/~sgsanders/pages/remnants6.html PPIE Found Remnants: Architecture: Japanese Gates and Pagoda.] Retrieved 10 January 2013.</ref> making the Tea Garden a rare if not unique instance of a survivor that incorporates architectural features from two completely separate fairs.
* 1897 – Nashville: A full-scale replica of the [[Parthenon (Nashville)|Parthenon]] was built for the [[Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition]] where it stands today in [[Nashville]]'s [[Centennial Park (Nashville)|Centennial Park]]. It features plaster reproductions of the [[Elgin Marbles]] and, in 1990, a re-creation of the original [[Athena Parthenos]] statue was installed inside just as it was in the original [[Parthenon]] in ancient Greece.
* 1900 – Paris: the [[Grand Palais]] and [[Petit Palais]].
* [[File:1904 World's Fair Administration Building (Brookings Hall, Washington University) seen from the southeast with the Italian Pavilion in the foreground.jpg|thumb|[[Brookings Hall]] at [[Washington University in St. Louis]], the administration building of the [[Louisiana Purchase Exposition|1904 World's Fair]]]]1904 – St. Louis: The [[St. Louis Art Museum]] in [[Forest Park (St. Louis, Missouri)|Forest Park]], originally the Palace of the Fine Arts, and [[Brookings Hall]] at [[Washington University in St. Louis]], are remnants of the [[Louisiana Purchase Exposition]] (held a year late, as it was originally intended to be the centennial of the [[Louisiana Purchase]]. But organizers, and President [[Theodore Roosevelt]], wanted the fair to be held during the Olympics which were moved from Chicago.), better known as the St. Louis World's Fair. The aviary in Forest Park gave root to the [[St. Louis Zoo]].
* 1906 – Milan: The [[Civic Aquarium of Milan]] built for the [[Milan International (1906)|Milan Exposition]] is still open after 100 years and was recently renovated. The [[International Commission on Occupational Health]] (ICOH) was settled in Milan during the fair and had its first congress in the Expo pavilions. In June 2006 the ICOH celebrated the first century of its life in Milan. An elevated railway with trains running at short intervals linked the fair to the city center. It was dismantled in the 1920s.
* 1909 – Seattle: The landscaping (by the Olmsted brothers) from the [[Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition]] (AYPE) in Seattle still forms much of the [[University of Washington]] campus. The only major building left from the AYPE, Architecture Hall, is used by the university's architecture school.
* 1915 – San Francisco: The [[Palace of Fine Arts]] in [[San Francisco]] and its adjacent artificial lagoon are the only major remnants of the [[Panama–Pacific International Exposition]] still in their original locations on the former fairgrounds (now the city's [[Marina District, San Francisco|Marina District]] neighborhood), but the building is almost entirely a reconstruction. The plaster-surfaced original, not intended to survive after the fair, was a crumbling ruin in 1964 when all but the steel framework was demolished so that it could be reproduced in concrete. The San Francisco Civic Auditorium, now the [[Bill Graham Civic Auditorium]], is another major legacy of the fair but was built off-site in the city's [[Civic Center, San Francisco|Civic Center]]. The independent [[Panama–California Exposition]] in [[San Diego]] left a substantial legacy of permanent buildings and other structures which today define its site, San Diego's central [[Balboa Park (San Diego)|Balboa Park]], including the Prado walkway, the California Tower and Dome (now home to the [[San Diego Museum of Us|Museum of Us]]), the 1,500-foot Cabrillo Bridge, the lily pond and botanical gardens, and the [[Spreckels Organ Pavilion]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.balboapark.org/info/history |title=Balboa Park History |access-date=16 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716100221/http://www.balboapark.org/info/history |archive-date=16 July 2011 }}</ref>
* 1929 – Seville and Barcelona: much survives from the two simultaneous fairs [[Spain]] hosted that year. The most famous are the remnants of the [[Ibero-American Exposition of 1929|Ibero-American Exposition]] in [[Seville]], in which the Spanish Pavilion's ''Plaza de España'' forms part of a large park and forecourt. Most of that fair's pavilions have survived and been adapted for other uses, with many of them becoming [[consulate-general|consulates-general]] for the countries that built them. The [[1929 Barcelona International Exposition|Barcelona International Exposition]] featured the famous [[Barcelona Pavilion|German pavilion]] designed by [[Mies van der Rohe]], which was demolished but later rebuilt on the original site.<ref>Expo, International Expositions 1851–2010, Anna Jackson, 2008</ref>
* 1936 – Johannesburg: The [[Empire Exhibition, South Africa]] was built close to the [[University of the Witwatersrand]], and by the late 1970s the growth of the university was large enough to incorporate the permanent buildings from the exhibition. In 1985, the university purchased the South African Government Building; the two Heavy Machinery Halls, now called Empire Hall and the Dining Hall; the Hall of Transport; the Tower of Light; the Cape Dutch complex; and the Bien Donne Restaurant.
* 1939 – New York City: [[Queens Museum|The New York City Building]] from the [[1939 New York World's Fair|1939's World Fair]], was reused for the 1964 World's Fair and is now the Queens Museum. [[Parachute jump]] was a ride from the fair. It was moved to the [[Coney island]] boardwalk in [[Brooklyn]].{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}
* 1942 – Rome: A special case is the [[Esposizione Universale Roma|EUR]] quarter in [[Rome]], built for a World's Fair planned for 1942 but cancelled because of [[World War II]]. Today it hosts governmental and private offices, and several museums.
* 1958 – Brussels: In [[Brussels]], the [[Atomium]] still stands at the exposition site. It is a 165-billion-times-enlarged iron-crystal-shaped building. Until June 2012, the "American Theatre" on the Expo grounds was frequently used as a television studio by the [[Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie|VRT]].
[[File:Seattle - Worlds Fair sign at 47th and Aurora, 1962.gif|thumb|[[Seattle]] – World's Fair sign at 47th and Aurora, 1962]]
* 1962 – Seattle: The [[Space Needle]] theme building of the [[Century 21 Exposition]] commonly known as the Seattle World's Fair still stands as a [[Seattle]] icon and landmark. The [[Seattle Center Monorail]], the other widely known futuristic feature of the fair, still operates daily. The US pavilion became the [[Pacific Science Center]]. The original exterior and roof of the Washington State Pavilion has been preserved as a landmark, and now is part of [[Climate Pledge Arena]].
[[File:Unisphere-2 (27835155267).jpg|thumb|The Unisphere, from the 1964 World's Fair in New York City, in the early 21st century]]
* 1964 – New York City: many structures still stand
** The [[Unisphere]], built for the [[1964 New York World's Fair|second New York World's Fair]], stands on its original site in Flushing Meadows, Queens
** [[New York Hall of Science]], built for the fair, continues to operate as a science museum, similar to its original role
** The Port Authority Heliport and Exhibit is now the [[Terrace on the Park]] event and catering venue
** The [[New York State Pavilion]] is mostly derelict, but is still an icon, with its observation towers prominently featured in 1997's ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''. The Theaterama building is the only portion still maintained, and is used by the [[Queens Theatre in the Park|Queens Theater]]. The Tent of Tomorrow building and observation towers are being restored {{as of|2019|lc=y}}.
** The New York City Pavilion, a holdover form the [[1939 New York World's Fair|1939 fair]], continues to serve as the home of the [[Queens Museum]]
** Other artifacts remain throughout the park, and many buildings were transported for use elsewhere and continue to function.
* 1967 – Montreal: Among the structures still standing from Expo 67 in Montreal are [[Moshe Safdie]]'s [[Habitat 67]], [[Buckminster Fuller]]'s American pavilion the "[[Montreal Biosphère|Montreal Biosphere]]", the Jamaica Pavilion, the Tunisia Pavilion, and the French pavilion (now the [[Montreal Casino]]).
* 1968 – San Antonio: San Antonio kept the [[Tower of the Americas]], the [[Institute of Texan Cultures]] and the Convention Center from HemisFair '68.
* 1970 – Osaka: The [[Tower of the Sun]] was left standing, but was neglected after the conclusion of the [[Expo '70]]. After restoration to the structure was completed, the museum inside the tower was re-opened on 18 March 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/tower-of-the-sun|title=Tower of the Sun – Suita-shi, Japan – Atlas Obscura|access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref>
* 1974 – Spokane: [[Spokane]] still has its [[Riverfront Park (Spokane)|Riverfront Park]] that was created for Expo '74—the park remains a popular and iconic part of Spokane's downtown.
[[File:Sunsphere.jpg|thumb|View of 1982 fairgrounds, with the Sunsphere]]
* 1982 – Knoxville: The [[Sunsphere]] from the [[1982 World's Fair|Knoxville World's Fair]] remains as a feature of [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]]'s skyline.
* 1984 – New Orleans: The main pavilions of the [[1984 Louisiana World Exposition|1984 New Orleans]] World's Fair became the [[Ernest N. Morial Convention Center]], which is also known for its use as a shelter of last resort during [[Hurricane Katrina]] and later hosted the [[Miss Universe]] in [[Miss Universe 2022|2022]].
* 1986 – Vancouver: In [[Vancouver, British Columbia|Vancouver]], many [[Expo 86]] projects were designed as legacy projects. Of note are the [[Skytrain (Vancouver)|Skytrain]], [[Science World at TELUS World of Science|Science World]] and [[Canada Place]].
* 1988 – Brisbane: The [[The Skyneedle, Brisbane|Skyneedle]], the symbol tower of [[Expo '88]] in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, still stands. Other survivors are the [[Nepalese Peace Pagoda]] of the Nepalese representation, now at the transformed World Expo '88 site South Bank Parklands, and the Japan Pond and Garden from the Japanese representation, now at the Brisbane Mount Cooth-tha Botanic Gardens. In 2018 the World Expo 88 Art Trail was re-birthed and dramatically expanded as part of the 30th Anniversary of World expo 88, now forming a Major tourist attraction in its own right.<ref>[https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/facilities-recreation/arts-culture/public-art/public-art-trails/world-expo-88-public-art-trail-30th-anniversary "World Expo '88 Public Art Trail – 30th Anniversary."] Brisbane City Council (''Brisbane.qld.gov.au''). Retrieved 10 June 2019.</ref>
* 1992 – Seville: The pavilions of [[Seville Expo '92|Expo '92]] in Seville had been converted into a technological square and a [[theme park]].
* 1998 – Lisbon: The main buildings of [[Expo '98]] in [[Lisbon]] were completely integrated into the city itself and many of the art exhibition pieces still remain.
* 2005 – Nagoya: The [[My Neighbor Totoro|home of Satsuki & Mei Kusakabe]], built for the 2005 Expo in [[Aichi]], remains operating at its original site in Morikoro Park and is a popular tourist attraction, eventually being incorporated into [[Ghibli Park]] in 2022.
[[File:China Pavilion 30Apr10.jpg|thumb|The [[China pavilion at Expo 2010|China pavilion]] at the [[Expo 2010]]; repurposed as a museum]]
* 2010 – Shanghai: The [[China pavilion at Expo 2010|China pavilion]] from [[Expo 2010]] in Shanghai, the largest display in the history of the World Expo, is now the [[China Art Museum, Shanghai|China Art Museum]], the largest art museum in Asia.
* 2015 – Milan: The Italian Pavilion of Expo 2015 remains on the original site.

===Reuse of sites===
Some world's fair sites became (or reverted to) parks incorporating some of the expo elements, such as:
* [[Audubon Park, New Orleans]]: Site of New Orleans's [[World Cotton Centennial]] in 1884
* [[Jackson Park (Chicago)|Jackson Park, Chicago]] and the [[Midway Plaisance|Chicago Midway]]: Site of the 1893 [[Columbian Exposition]]
* [[Centennial Park (Nashville)|Centennial Park]], [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]]: [[Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition|Tennessee Centennial Expo]] in 1897
* [[Forest Park (St. Louis)|Forest Park, Saint Louis]]: Home of the [[St. Louis, Missouri|Saint Louis]] [[Louisiana Purchase Exposition]] of 1904
* [[San Diego]]: [[Panama–California Exposition|Panama–California Exposition (1915)]] and [[California Pacific International Exposition (1935)]]
* [[Seattle Center]]: [[Century 21 Exposition]] in 1962
* [[Flushing Meadows–Corona Park|Flushing Meadows Park]], [[Queens]], [[New York City]]: Site of both the [[1939 New York World's Fair]] and the [[1964 New York World's Fair]]
* [[Montreal]]: [[Expo 67]]
* [[San Antonio, Texas|San Antonio]]: [[HemisFair '68]]
* [[Expo Commemoration Park]], [[Osaka]]: [[Expo '70]]
* [[Riverfront Park (Spokane)|Riverfront Park]], [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]]: [[Expo '74]]
* [[1982 World's Fair#After the fair|World's Fair Park]], [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]]: [[1982 World's Fair]]
* [[Vancouver]]: [[Expo 86]]
* [[Brisbane]]: [[Expo '88]]: now represented with the [[South Bank Parklands]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitsouthbank.com.au/ |title=Home – South Bank – Visitor Info – What's On – Shopping – Dining – Attractions and more |publisher=Visit South Bank |date=4 June 2009 |access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref>
* [[Seville, Spain|Seville]]: [[Seville Expo '92|Expo '92]]
* [[Daejeon|Daejeon (Taejŏn)]]: [[Expo '93]]
* [[Lisbon]]: [[Expo '98]] was divided into several structures: [[Pavilhão Atlântico]], [[Casino Lisboa, Portugal|Casino Lisboa]], [[Lisbon Oceanarium|Oceanário]] and {{Interlanguage link|Pavilhão do Conhecimento|pt}}.
* [[Shanghai Expo Park]]: [[Expo 2010]]
*  Rho, [[Milan]], [[Lombardy]] District: [[Expo 2015]]

===Relocation of pavilions===
[[File:Exposition univ 1900.jpg|thumb|Poster for the 1900 expo]]

Some pavilions have been transported overseas intact:
* The Argentine Pavilion from the [[Exposition Universelle (1889)|1889 Paris]] was relocated to [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina until its demolition in 1932.
* The Chilean Pavilion from [[Exposition Universelle (1889)|1889 Paris]] is now in [[Santiago]], Chile, and following significant refurbishment in 1992 functions as the Museo Artequin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artequin.cl/ |title=Artequin |publisher=Artequin.cl |access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref>
* The [[Peru]]vian Pavilion from [[Exposition Universelle (1900)|1900 Paris]] is now in [[Lima]], as home to the Military Academy of History.
* The [[Japanese Tower of Brussels|Japanese Tower]] of the 1900 World's Fair in Paris was relocated to [[Laken]] (Brussels) on request of King Leopold II of Belgium.
* The [[Belgian Building|Belgium Pavilion]] from the 1939 New York World's Fair was relocated to [[Virginia Union University]] in [[Richmond, Virginia]].
* The [[Soviet Union|USSR]] Pavilion from [[Expo 67]] is now in [[Moscow]].
* The [[Sanyo]] Pavilion from [[Expo '70]] is the Asian Centre at the [[University of British Columbia]] in [[Vancouver]].
* The Portugal Pavilion from [[Expo 2000]] is now in [[Coimbra]], Portugal.
* The United Arab Emirates Pavilion from [[Expo 2010]] is now in [[Saadiyat Island]] in [[Abu Dhabi]] in UAE<ref name="uaenewhome">{{cite web|url=http://expo2020dubai.ae/en/world_expos/the_uae_in_world_expos|access-date=5 December 2013|title=The UAE in World Expos |website= Expo 2020, Dubai, UAE|archive-date=15 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215203648/http://expo2020dubai.ae/en/world_expos/the_uae_in_world_expos|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The Bahrain Pavilion from [[Expo 2015]] was relocated to Bahrain. The Azerbaijan Pavilion is in that country's capital [[Baku]]. The Chinese Pavilion was brought back to [[Qingdao]] and is on the site of the 2014 horticultural exhibition.
* The [[Save the Children]] Italy pavilion from Expo 2015 was dismantled and re-built as school for Syrian refugee children in [[Lebanon]].<ref name="catalyticactionwebsite">{{cite web|url=http://www.catalyticaction.org/all-project-list/jarahieh-school-for-syrian-refugee-children-in-lebanon/|access-date=27 January 2017|title=Jarahieh School for Syrian refugee children in Lebanon |website=CatalyticAction |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706070143/http://www.catalyticaction.org/all-project-list/jarahieh-school-for-syrian-refugee-children-in-lebanon/ |archive-date= 6 July 2017 }}</ref><ref name="savethechildrenwebsite">{{cite web|url=https://www.savethechildren.it/blog-notizie/la-nuova-vita-del-villaggio-expo-una-scuola-libano |website=Save the Children Italia |access-date=27 January 2017|title=La nuova vita del villaggio Expo: una scuola in Libano|date=29 December 2016}}</ref>

The Brussels [[Expo '58]] relocated many pavilions within [[Belgium]]: the pavilion of Jacques Chocolats moved to the town of [[Diest]] to house the new town swimming pool. Another pavilion was relocated to [[Willebroek]] and has been used as dance hall Carré<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carre.be |title=Home – Carré |publisher=Carre.be |access-date=1 May 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501034214/http://www.carre.be/ |archive-date=1 May 2011 }}</ref> ever since. One smaller pavilion still stands on the boulevard towards the [[Atomium]]: the restaurant "Salon 58" in the pavilion of Comptoir Tuilier.

===Other legacies===
Many exhibitions and rides created by [[Walt Disney]] and his [[Walt Disney Imagineering|WED Enterprises]] company for the [[1964 New York World's Fair]] (which was held over into 1965) were moved to [[Disneyland Park (Anaheim)|Disneyland]] after the closing of the Fair. Many of the rides, including "[[It's a Small World]]", and "[[Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln]]", as well as the building that housed the [[Carousel of Progress]] are still in operation.<ref name="OCR s872">{{cite web | title=Disney history: Disney rides open at World's Fair | website=Orange County Register | date=April 20, 2014 | url=https://www.ocregister.com/2014/04/20/disney-history-disney-rides-open-at-worlds-fair/ | access-date=June 5, 2024}}</ref> The concept of a permanent world's fair came to fruition with the Disney [[Epcot]] theme park at the [[Walt Disney World Resort]], near [[Orlando, Florida]].<ref>{{cite news |title=35 incredible facts about Disney's EPCOT theme park |url=https://abc7ny.com/happy-birthday-epcot-disney-theme-park-turns-35/2477013/ |access-date=8 April 2025 |work=ABC}}</ref> Epcot has many characteristics of a typical universal exposition: national pavilions and exhibits concerning technology and/or the future, along with more typical amusement park rides. Meanwhile, several of the 1964 attractions that were relocated to Disneyland have been duplicated at the [[Walt Disney World Resort]].

Occasionally other mementos of the fairs remain. In the [[New York City Subway]] system, signs directing people to [[Flushing Meadows–Corona Park]] remain from the 1964–1965 event. In the [[Montreal Metro]] subway at least one tile artwork of its theme, "Man and His World", remains. Also, a seemingly endless supply of souvenir items from fair visits can be found, and in the United States, at least, often turn up at garage or estate sales. Many fairs and expos produced [[postage stamp]]s and commemorative [[coin]]s.