Editing Walloons (section)

===Walloon diaspora===<!-- PLEASE RESEPCT ALPHABETICAL ORDER -->
*[[Ardennes (department)|Département des Ardennes]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ardenne-wallonne.org/ |title=Ardenne-wallone.org |publisher=Ardenne-wallonne.org |access-date=2014-07-22}}</ref>
*[[Quebec]] and other parts of Canada<ref>Paul R. Magocsi (Multicultural History Society of Ontario), ''Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples'', University of Toronto Press, 1999, pp. 257-270 {{ISBN|0-8020-2938-8}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8020-2938-6}}</ref>
*United Kingdom<ref>Robin D. Gwynn, Huguenot Heritage, Sussex Academic Press, 2001 {{ISBN|1-902210-34-4}}  [https://books.google.com/books?id=Sky1G6VzrsYC]</ref>
*[[South Africa]]
*[[Wisconsin]]: it is estimated that between 5,000 and 7,500 [[Walloon Brabant|Brabantines]] and [[Hesbaye|Hesbignons]] immigrated to the New World from 1852 to 1856.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uwgb.edu/wisfrench/library/history/belges/wibelges.htm |title=1852: Emigration of the farmers from Brabant and Hesbaye |publisher=Uwgb.edu |access-date=2014-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102023838/http://www.uwgb.edu/wisfrench/library/history/belges/wibelges.htm |archive-date=2 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Algoma, Wisconsin|Algoma]], [[Brussels, Wisconsin|Brussels]], [[Casco, Wisconsin|Casco]], [[Forestville, Wisconsin|Forestville]], [[Green Bay, Wisconsin|Green Bay]], [[Kewaunee, Wisconsin|Kewaunee]], [[Luxemburg, Wisconsin|Luxemburg]], [[Namur, Wisconsin|Namur]], [[Sturgeon Bay]] (Françoise L'Empereur found 700 Walloon family names in the phone books of these towns).<ref>Françoise L'Empereur ''Les Wallons d'Amérique du Nord'', Duculot, Gembloux, pp. 61-68, {{ISBN|978-2-8011-0085-1}}</ref> The Walloon population of the [[Door Peninsula]] have historically spoken a distinctive dialect of Walloon known as [[Wisconsin Walloon]] or "Belgian".
*[[Walloon immigration to Sweden|Sweden]]
*Italy

====Walloons in Germany====
Since the 11th century, the great towns along the river [[Meuse]], for example, [[Dinant]], [[Huy]], and [[Liège]], traded with Germany, where ''Wallengassen'' (Walloons' neighborhoods) were founded in certain cities.<ref>Félix Rousseau, ''L'art mosan, introduction historique'', Duculot, Gembloux,1970 p. 44, {{ISBN|2-8011-0004-8}}</ref> In [[Cologne]], the Walloons were the most important foreign community, as noted by three roads named ''Walloonstreet'' in the city.<ref>Félix Rousseau, opus citatus, p. 46</ref> The Walloons traded for materials they lacked, such as copper, found in Germany, especially at [[Goslar]]. New Walloon immigrants settled in several cities in the late 17th century, including [[Magdeburg]] and [[Cottbus]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Muret|first=Eduard|title=Geschichte der Französischen Kolonie in Brandenburg-Preußen, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Berliner Gemeinde. Aus Veranlassung der Zweihundertjährigen Jubelfeier am 29. Oktober 1885|year=1885|location=Berlin|language=de|pages=209, 243–245}}</ref>

====Walloons in Poland====
Walloons were one of the first foreign immigrant groups in [[Poland]], with Walloons settling in [[Wrocław]] probably since the 12th century, however, the first written mention of Walloon immigrants in Wrocław comes from {{circa|1270}}.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Zientara|first=Benedykt|year=1975|title=Walonowie na Śląsku w XII i XIII wieku|magazine=Przegląd Historyczny|language=pl|issue=66/3|page=353}}</ref> In the 12th century, Walloon brothers [[Aleksander of Malonne|Aleksander]] and [[Walter (bishop of Wrocław)|Walter]] from [[Malonne]] served as Catholic bishops of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Płock|Płock]] and [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław|Wrocław]] in Poland, respectively, and there is a possibility that it was Bishop Walter who brought the first Walloon settlers to Poland.<ref>Zientara, p. 354</ref> In the early 13th century Duke [[Henry the Bearded]] invited further Walloon immigrants to the area of [[Oława]] and [[Wierzbno, Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Wierzbno]] to the south of Wrocław, and some descendants of Walloons from Wrocław also moved to Oława, Wierzbno, and [[Kraków]].<ref>Zientara, pp. 357, 359, 366</ref> The guild of Walloon clothiers in Wrocław ceased to exist after 1422.<ref>Zientara, p. 367</ref>

====Walloons in Transylvania====
In the 13th century, the medieval German colonization of [[Transylvania]], then part of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], now central and north-western Romania, also included numerous Walloons. Place names such as ''Wallendorf'' (Walloon Village) and family names such as ''Valendorfean'' (Wallon peasant) can be found among the [[Romanians|Romanian]] citizens of Transylvania.<ref>Konrad Gündisch ''Without a doubt, among the settlers were not only Germans, be they Teutonici from Southern Germany or Saxons from Middle and Northern Germany but also Romanic people from the western regions of the then German Empire. One of the earliest documents on Transylvanian Saxons points at Flandrenses who had at least two independent settler groups. These came from an economically highly developed region of the empire, where during the 11th and 12th centuries shortage of land was overcome through intensive planning and building of dike systems. Cities were developed through the textile industry and trade. Many knights of the first crusade came from here. It is undisputed that Flandrenses played an important role in the German East-Migration.  Latins, settlers of Romanic-Walloon origin, were also represented. For example, Johannes Latinus, who arrived as knight but also as one of the first Transylvanian merchants; Gräf Gyan from Salzburg who frightened the bishop of Weißenburg; and Magister Gocelinus, who presented Michelsberg to the Cistercian abbey Kerz. Also to be mentioned is the name of the town Walldorf (villa Latina, "Wallonendorf", town of Walloons) and villa Barbant or Barbantina, a name which brings to mind Brabant in Belgium. Based on the described and often contradictory research results, answers to the question of the origin of Transylvanian Saxons cannot be considered as final. An incontestable clarification cannot be expected since it is probable that the colonists of different religions and ethnic background came in small groups from all regions of the then empire and grew, once in Transylvania, into a group with its own distinct identity, with German language and culture. In any event, their number was negligibly small and has been estimated at 520 families, approximately 2600 persons.'' in  ''Siebenbürgen und die Siebenbürger Sachsen'', Taschenbuch - 304 Seiten (1998) Langen-Müller, München.; {{ISBN|3-7844-2685-9}}. English translation [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/7b-history.htm ''The History of Transylvania and the Transylvanian Saxons''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040707001956/http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/7b-history.htm |date=7 July 2004 }}</ref>

====Walloons in Sweden====
[[File:Lovsta bruk smeder 1870.jpg|thumb|Walloon hammersmiths at [[Lövstabruk]], early 1870s]]
{{Main|Walloon immigration to Sweden}}

Starting from the 1620s, numerous Walloon miners and iron-workers, with their families, settled in Sweden to work in [[iron mining]] and refining.<ref>Luc Courtois,''De fer et de feu l'émigration wallonne vers la Suède'' (Ouvrage publié avec l'aide du Fonds national de la recherche scientifique), Fondation wallonne, Louvain-la-neuve, 2003 {{ISBN|2-9600072-8-X}}</ref> Walloon methods of iron production were incorporated into Swedish practice, to supplement the existing German techniques. Many Walloon workers settled around the mine at [[Dannemora, Sweden|Dannemora]] producing [[Öregrund iron]] which represented 15 per cent of [[Swedish iron industry|Sweden's iron production]] at that time.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ehs.org.uk/ehs/conference2006/Assets/IIDRyden.doc | title=Swedish Economic History and the 'New Atlantic Economy', Paper, presented at the "Economic History Society Annual Conference | publisher=[[University of Reading]] | date=31 March – 2 April 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925051110/http://www.ehs.org.uk/ehs/conference2006/Assets/IIDRyden.doc | archive-date=25 September 2006 | access-date=30 August 2013 }}</ref>

They were originally led by the entrepreneur [[Louis De Geer (1587–1652)|Louis de Geer]], who commissioned them to work in the iron mines of [[Uppland]] and [[Östergötland]]. The wave of migration continued substantially into the 18th century. Walloon ancestry is traceable through Walloon surnames.  Some people of Walloon descent belong to the ''Sällskapet Vallonättlingar'' (Society of Walloon Descendants).<ref>[http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/HUGUENOTS-WALLOONS-EUROPE/2000-04/0956199264 Huguenots-Walloons-Europe Archives"], Archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com</ref>

====Walloons in Finland====
During the 17th century Walloons from Sweden started arriving in Finland, during which Finland was [[Finland under Swedish rule|part of Sweden]]. Some also came directly from Wallonia. Most of them settled along the coast in ironworks. Many of the [[ironworks]] in Finland were established by Walloons. Walloons largely used the same methods as in Sweden, although Walloon forging was not used, instead Walloon smiths used the German method. As in Sweden, the Walloon population in Finland eventually integrated to the wider society. Former Finnish prime minister [[Paavo Lipponen]] is of Walloon descent.<ref>{{cite web |title=VALLONIHISTORIA |url=https://www.vallonit.fi/fi/vallonihistoria |website=vallonit.fi |date=15 April 2019 |access-date=26 January 2023 |language=Finnish}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Suomen rautaruukkien vallonit 1600- ja 1700-luvuilla |url=https://www.sssry.fi/artikkeli.htm?sn=153 |website=sssry.fi |access-date=26 January 2023 |language=Finnish}}</ref>

====Walloons in South Africa====
{{Main|Afrikaners|Huguenots in South Africa}}