Editing Volgograd (section)

==Culture==

===Mamayev Kurgan Memorial Complex===
[[File:Volgograd, Hall of Heroes 01 (4137818183).jpg|thumb|Hall of Military Glory]]
A memorial complex commemorating the battle of Stalingrad, dominated by an immense allegorical sculpture ''[[The Motherland Calls]]'', was erected on the [[Mamayev Kurgan]] (Russian: Мамаев Курган), the hill that saw some of the most intense fighting during the battle. This complex includes the Hall of Military Glory, a circular building housing an eternal flame and bearing plaques with the names of the fallen heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad. This memorial features an hourly changing of the guard that draws many tourists during the warmer months. Across from this Hall, there is a statue called Mother's Sorrow, which depicts a grieving woman holding a fallen soldier in her arms. During the summer months, this statue is surrounded by a small water feature, called the Lake of Tears. Further down the hill of this complex, there is a Plaza of Heroes (also known as Heroes' Square), featuring multiple allegorical sculptures of heroic deeds. This plaza is sometimes referred to by the title of the most famous of these sculptures, called "Having withstood, we conquered death".{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}

===Panorama Museum===
[[File:ST battle panorama IMG 4238-4289-49 img-10K.jpg|thumb|Panorama Museum of the Battle of Stalingrad, including Gerhardt's Mill]]
The Panorama Museum of the Battle of Stalingrad is a large cultural complex that sits on the shore of the [[Volga|Volga river]]. It is located on the site of the "Penza Defense Junction", a group of buildings along Penzenskaya Street (now Sovetskaya Street), which was defended by the 13th Guards Rifle Division. The complex includes [[Gerhardt's Mill]], which is preserved in its bombed out state. The museum on the complex grounds houses the largest painting in Russia, a [[panoramic painting]] of the battlefield as seen from [[Mamayev Kurgan]], where "The Motherland Calls" statue now stands. This museum also features Soviet military equipment from the 1940s, numerous exhibits of weapons (including a rifle of the famous sniper [[Vasily Zaitsev (sniper)|Vasily Zaytsev]]), uniforms, personal belongings of generals and soldiers involved in the battle and detailed maps and timelines of the battle.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}

===Planetarium===

[[File:May2015 Volgograd img17 Planetarium.jpg|thumb|Volgograd Planetarium]]
The Volgograd Planetarium was a gift from [[East Germany]] in honor of what would have been Stalin's 70th birthday.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Planetarium/Story |url=https://volgogradplanetarium.ru/about/history/poslevoennyy-stalingrad/ |website=VolgogradPlanetarium.ru |access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref> Neoclassical in style, the building facade is designed like a Roman temple, with six [[Tuscan order|Tuscan columns]] topped by capitals decorated with stars. Designed by [[Vera Mukhina|Vera Ignatyevna Mukhina]], the dome is crowned by a female personification of Peace, holding an astrolabe with a dove. Opened in 1954, it was only the second purpose-built planetarium in the Soviet Union. The entryway interior features a mural of Stalin in the white uniform of a naval admiral, surrounded by lilies and doves, more symbols of peace. On either side of the mural, are busts of [[Konstantin Tsiolkovsky]], a Soviet rocket scientist, and [[Yuri Gagarin]], a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut and the first human to venture into outer space. On the second floor, there are large stained glass windows, featuring images related to Soviet space exploration. The planetarium was outfitted with a [[Zeiss projector]], the first produced by the [[Carl Zeiss AG|Carl Zeiss Company]] in their [[Jena]] plant after the end of World War 2.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Firebrace |first1=William |title=Star Theatre: The Story of the Planetarium |date=2017 |publisher=Reaktion Books |location=United Kingdom |isbn=9781780238883}}</ref> The projector supplied was the UPP-23/1s model, which was produced between 1954 and 1964; it is still operational and in regular use at the Volgograd Planetarium. The projector was supplemented by a digital system in 2019; the Fulldome Pro model LDX12. Zeiss also provided the 365mm refractor telescope for the observatory, which is still in operation today.<ref>{{cite web |title=Volgograd Planetarium |url=http://www.aplf-planetariums.org/en/index.php?onglet=planetariums&menu=sheet_planetarium&filtre=1300 |website=World Planetarium Database |access-date=9 May 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818033959/http://www.aplf-planetariums.org/en/index.php?onglet=planetariums&menu=sheet_planetarium&filtre=1300 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The planetarium hosts scientific and educational lectures, provides [[Fulldome]] shows, has scheduled tours, features daytime and nighttime observations and runs an astronomy club for children.<ref>{{cite web |title=Services |url=https://volgogradplanetarium.ru/services/ |website=VolgogradPlanetarium.ru |access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref>

===Other===
Across the street from the Panorama Museum, stands [[Pavlov's House]], another surviving monument to the Battle of Stalingrad. Several monuments and memorials can be found nearby, including a statue of Lenin, a statue in honor of children who survived war and another to the Pavlov's House defenders.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}

The [[Musical Instrument Museum (Volgograd)|Musical Instrument Museum]] is a branch of the Volgograd regional Museum of local lore.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}