Editing Vilnius (section)

===Photography===
[[File:Coronal mass ejection, captured in 1867 with Vilnius photoheliograph.jpg|thumb|upright=0.66|alt=Very old photo of a solar flare|A [[coronal mass ejection]], captured in 1867 with Vilnius' [[photoheliograph]] (the second such device in the world)]]
According to the memoirs of architect Bolesław Podczaszyński, published in January 1853 in the {{Lang|pl|[[Gazeta Warszawska]]}}, Lithuanian [[photography]] began with the [[Daguerreotype|daguerreotyping]] in the summer of 1839 of the reconstructed [[Verkiai Palace]] by François Marcillac (governor of the children of Duke [[Ludwig zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg|Ludwig Wittgenstein]]).<ref name="photovle">{{cite web |title=Lietuvos meninė fotografija |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-menine-fotografija/ |website=vle.lt |access-date=21 February 2021 |language=lt}}</ref> The country's unfavorable political situation hampered the development of new technology and cultural activities. The first known daguerreotype-portrait [[atelier]] in Vilnius was opened in 1843 by C. Ziegler, and ateliers operated in Lithuania until 1859. One of the best-known photographers was K. Neupert, from [[Norway]].<ref name="photovle"/>

In the 1860s, with the spread of the [[collodion process]], [[Photographic plate|glass negatives]] and [[albumen paper]] were used instead of daguerreotype plates. Photo portraits in standard formats became widespread, and commercial photography ateliers were established in Vilnius and other Lithuanian cities. The first landscape and architectural photographs were made by Vilnius photographers [[:lt: Abdonas Korzonas|Abdonas Korzonas]] and Albert Swieykowski, who compiled the 32-image ''Vilnius Album'' (Lithuania's first set of photographs). In 1862, Provisional Censorship Regulations governing the activities of photographic institutions were adopted in 1862, supervised by the Central Press Board of the Ministry of the Interior. Those who photographed the rebels in the [[January Uprising]] were punished; A. Korzonas was deported to [[Siberia]]. Other prominent 19th-century photographers were [[:lt:Stanislovas Filibertas Fleris|Stanisław Filibert Fleury]] (a [[Stereoscopy|stereoscopic]]-photography pioneer),<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanislovas Filibertas Fleris |url=https://www.limis.lt/personaliju-zodynas/-/personFastSearch/view/869771 |website=limis.lt |access-date=7 March 2021 |language=lt}}</ref> Aleksander Władysław Strauss, and [[:lt:Juzefas Čechavičius|Józef Czechowicz]].<ref name="photovle"/>

The world's second [[Solar telescope|photoheliograph]] was installed in 1865 at the [[Vilnius University Astronomical Observatory]], and photographed [[sunspot]]s.<ref name="photovle"/> An unprecedented system of photographing solar dynamics began in 1868 in Vilnius.<ref name="Klimka">{{cite book |last=Klimka |first=Libertas |title=Senosios Vilniaus astronomijos observatorijos instrumentarijus |date=20 June 2001 |publisher=[[Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences]] |location=Vilnius |page=44 |url=https://etalpykla.lituanistikadb.lt/object/LT-LDB-0001:J.04~2001~1367156198266/J.04~2001~1367156198266.pdf |access-date=21 February 2021 |language=lt}}</ref> [[Jan Bułhak]] founded the country's first photography club in Vilnius in 1927.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vilniaus fotoklubas |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/vilniaus-fotoklubas/ |website=vle.lt |access-date=21 February 2021 |language=lt}}</ref> In 1952, ''Švyturys'' magazine organized the city's first photography exhibition.<ref name="photovle"/>