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Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
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===Vesicle docking=== Surface proteins called [[SNARE]]s identify the vesicle's cargo and complementary SNAREs on the target membrane act to cause fusion of the vesicle and target membrane. Such v-SNARES are hypothesised to exist on the vesicle membrane, while the complementary ones on the target membrane are known as t-SNAREs.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} Often SNAREs associated with vesicles or target membranes are instead classified as Qa, Qb, Qc, or R SNAREs owing to further variation than simply v- or t-SNAREs. An array of different SNARE complexes can be seen in different tissues and subcellular compartments, with 38 isoforms currently identified in humans.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dingjan |first1=Peter |title=Endosomal and Phagosomal SNAREs |url=https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physrev.00037.2017?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org |journal=Physiological Reviews |date=2018 |volume=98 |issue=3 |pages=1465β1492 |doi=10.1152/physrev.00037.2017 |pmid=29790818 |access-date=17 June 2024}}</ref> Regulatory [[Rab (G-protein)|Rab]] proteins are thought to inspect the joining of the SNAREs. Rab protein is a regulatory GTP-binding protein and controls the binding of these complementary SNAREs for a long enough time for the Rab protein to hydrolyse its bound GTP and lock the vesicle onto the membrane. [[SNAREs in plants|SNAREs proteins in plants]] are understudied compared to fungi and animals. The cell botanist [[Natasha Raikhel]] has done some of the basic research in this area, including Zheng et al 1999 in which she and her team found [[AtVTI1a]] to be essential to [[Golgi apparatus|Golgi]]β[[vacuole]] transport.<ref name="Raikhel-2017">{{cite journal |last1=Raikhel |first1=Natasha V. |author1-link=Natasha Raikhel |title=Firmly Planted, Always Moving |journal=[[Annual Review of Plant Biology]] |publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] |volume=68 |issue=1 |date=2017-04-28 |issn=1543-5008 |doi=10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-040829 |pages=1β27|pmid=27860488 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2017AnRPB..68....1R }}</ref>
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