Editing Transport for London (section)

==Identity and marketing==
[[File:Transport for London - Roundels.svg|thumb|TfL's corporate roundels]]
Each of the main transport units has its own corporate identity, formed by differently coloured versions of the standard [[roundel]] logo and adding appropriate lettering across the horizontal bar. The roundel rendered in blue without any lettering represents TfL as a whole (see Transport for London logo), as well as used in situations where lettering on the roundel is not possible (such as bus receipts, where a logo is a blank roundel with the name "London Buses" to the right). The same range of colours is also used extensively in publicity and on the TfL website.

Transport for London has always mounted advertising campaigns to encourage use of the Underground. For example, in 1999, they commissioned artist [[Stephen Whatley]] to paint an interior – 'The Grand Staircase' – which he did on location inside Buckingham Palace. This painting was reproduced on posters and displayed all over the London Underground.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/artist/artist.html?IXartist=Stephen%20B%20Whatley |title = Artist: Stephen B Whatley – Poster and poster artwork collection |publisher = London Transport Museum |access-date = 24 December 2016 |archive-date = 27 September 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170927112036/http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/artist/artist.html?IXartist=Stephen%20B%20Whatley |url-status = dead}}</ref>

During 2010, TfL commissioned artist [[Mark Wallinger]] to assist them in celebrating the 150th anniversary of the Underground, by creating the Labyrinth Project, with one enamel plaque mounted permanently in each of the Tube's 270 stations.<ref>{{cite news |title = Tube celebrates 150th birthday with labyrinth art project |first = Mark |last = Brown |url = https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/feb/07/tube-150-birthday-labyrinth-art-project |newspaper = The Guardian |date = 7 February 2013 |access-date = 7 February 2013 |archive-date = 4 February 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230204190531/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/feb/07/tube-150-birthday-labyrinth-art-project |url-status = live }}</ref>

In 2015, in partnership with the [[London Transport Museum]] and sponsored by [[Exterion Media]],<ref name="exterionmedia.com">{{cite web |url = http://www.exterionmedia.com/uk/who-we-are/news/exterion-media-sponsors-tfls-transported-by-design-programme/ |title = Exterion Media sponsors TfL |date = 17 September 2015 |access-date = 7 March 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190036/http://www.exterionmedia.com/uk/who-we-are/news/exterion-media-sponsors-tfls-transported-by-design-programme/ |archive-date = 4 March 2016 |url-status = dead}}</ref> TfL launched [[Transported by Design]],<ref>{{cite web |url = https://tfl.gov.uk/campaign/transported-by-design |title = Transported by Design |publisher = Transport for London |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160417060006/https://tfl.gov.uk/campaign/transported-by-design |archive-date = 17 April 2016}}</ref> an 18-month programme of activities. The intention was to showcase the importance of both physical and service design across London's transport network. In October 2015, after two months of public voting, the [[Hackney carriage|black cab]] topped the list of favourite London transport icons, which also included the original [[AEC Routemaster|Routemaster bus]] and the [[Tube map]], among others.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://londonist.com/2015/09/vote-now-for-london-s-best-transport-design-icon |title = Vote Now For London's Best Transport Design Icon |date = 2 September 2015 |access-date = 7 March 2016 |archive-date = 27 September 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170927053854/https://londonist.com/2015/09/vote-now-for-london-s-best-transport-design-icon |url-status = live}}</ref> In 2016, the programme held exhibitions,<ref>{{cite web |url = https://londonist.com/2015/11/london-transport-museum-new-gallery |title = London Transport Museum Opens New 'London By Design' Gallery |date = 1 November 2015 |access-date = 7 March 2016 |archive-date = 30 November 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151130023728/http://londonist.com/2015/11/london-transport-museum-new-gallery |url-status = live}}</ref> walks<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.timeout.com/london/things-to-do/winter-wanders |title = Winter Wanders |date = 6 January 2016 |access-date = 7 March 2016 |archive-date = 4 February 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230204190539/https://www.timeout.com/london/things-to-do/winter-wanders |url-status = live}}</ref> and a festival at [[Regent Street]] on 3 July.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.eventmagazine.co.uk/tfl-announces-plans-regent-street-design-festival/associations/article/1359387 |title = TfL announces plans for Regent Street design festival |access-date = 7 March 2016 |archive-date = 7 March 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307104104/http://www.eventmagazine.co.uk/tfl-announces-plans-regent-street-design-festival/associations/article/1359387 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.regentstreetonline.com/events/2016-on-regent-street |title = 2016 on Regent Street |access-date = 7 March 2016 |archive-date = 28 February 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160228222731/http://www.regentstreetonline.com/events/2016-on-regent-street |url-status = live}}</ref>

===Typeface===
{{main|Johnston (typeface)}}
[[file:JohnstonSpecimenEN.svg|thumb|upright 0.75|The [[Johnston (typeface)|Johnston typeface]]]]
''[[Johnston (typeface)|Johnston]]'' (or ''Johnston Sans'') is [[typeface]] designed by and named after [[Edward Johnston]]. The typeface was commissioned in 1913 by [[Frank Pick]], then commercial manager of the [[Underground Electric Railways Company of London]] (also known as 'The Underground Group'), as part of his plan to strengthen the company's [[corporate identity]].<ref>{{cite book |last1 = Green |first1 = Oliver |last2 = Rewse-Davies |first2 = Jeremy |title = Designed for London: 150 years of transport design |location = London, UK |publisher = Laurence King |date = 1995 |isbn = 1-85669-064-4 |pages = 81–82}}</ref> ''Johnston'' was originally created for printing (with a planned height of 1 inch or 2.5&nbsp;cm), but it rapidly became used for the enamel station signs of the Underground system as well.<ref name="Howes production">{{cite book |last1 = Howes |first1 = Justin |author-link = Justin Howes |title = Johnston's Underground Type |date = 2000 |publisher = Capital Transport |location = Harrow Weald, Middlesex |isbn = 1-85414-231-3 |pages = 36–44}}</ref>

Johnston was originally printed using [[wood type]] for large signs and metal type for print. Johnston was redesigned in 1979 to produce '''New Johnston'''. The new family comes in eight members: Light, Medium, Bold weights with corresponding Italics, Medium Condensed and Bold Condensed. After the typeface was digitized in 1981–82, New Johnston finally became ready for Linotron photo-typesetting machine, and first appeared in London's Underground stations in 1983. It has been the official typeface exclusively used by Transport for London and The Mayor of London ever since, with minor updates to specific letterforms occurring in 1990–1992 and 2008. A new version, known as '''Johnston 100''', was commissioned by Transport for London from Monotype in 2016 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the introduction of the typeface, and was designed to be closer to the original version of the Johnston typeface.<ref name="Howes other typefaces">{{cite book |last1 = Howes |first1 = Justin |author-link = Justin Howes |title = Johnston's Underground Type |date = 2000 |publisher = Capital Transport |location = Harrow Weald, Middlesex |isbn = 1-85414-231-3 |pages = 73–78}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = https://www.monotype.com/resources/case-studies/introducing-johnston100-the-language-of-london |title = Introducing Johnston100, the language of London |date = 2017 |access-date = 9 May 2020 |archive-date = 23 April 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200423183553/https://www.monotype.com/resources/case-studies/introducing-johnston100-the-language-of-london |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://tfl.gov.uk/campaign/a-century-of-type |title = A century of type |website = Transport for London |access-date = 19 January 2022 |archive-date = 1 March 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190301200705/https://tfl.gov.uk/campaign/a-century-of-type |url-status = live }}</ref>

=== Advertising bans ===
In May 2019, TfL banned advertising from [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Pakistan]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]] due to their poor human rights records. This brought the number of countries to 11 from which TfL has banned adverts, due to them having the [[death penalty]] for homosexuals. Countries previously banned from advertising were [[Iran]], [[Nigeria]], Saudi Arabia, [[Somalia]], [[Sudan]] and [[Yemen]].<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://attitude.co.uk/article/transport-for-london-suspends-adverts-from-saudi-arabia-pakistan-and-the-united-arab-emirates-due-to-poor-human-rights-1/20864/ |title = Transport for London suspends adverts from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates due to poor human rights |date = 2 May 2019 |website = Attitude.co.uk |language = en-gb |access-date = 5 May 2019 |archive-date = 4 May 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190504132459/https://attitude.co.uk/article/transport-for-london-suspends-adverts-from-saudi-arabia-pakistan-and-the-united-arab-emirates-due-to-poor-human-rights-1/20864/ |url-status = live}}</ref>

In 2019, the [[Mayor of London]], [[Sadiq Khan]], introduced restrictions on advertising of unhealthy food and drinks across the TfL network. A study estimated that this led to a 7% reduction in the average weekly household purchase of foods high in fat, salt, and sugar. The largest reductions were seen in the sales of chocolate and sweets. There was no change in purchases of foods not classified as being high in fat, salt, and sugar.<ref>{{Cite journal |date = 3 August 2022 |title = Advertising ban was linked to lower purchases of unhealthy food and drink |url = https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/advertising-ban-was-linked-to-lower-purchases-of-unhealthy-food-and-drink/ |journal = NIHR Evidence |language = en-gb |doi = 10.3310/nihrevidence_52264 |s2cid = 251337598 |access-date = 16 September 2022 |archive-date = 20 September 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163433/https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/advertising-ban-was-linked-to-lower-purchases-of-unhealthy-food-and-drink/ |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1 = Yau |first1 = Amy |last2 = Berger |first2 = Nicolas |last3 = Law |first3 = Cherry |last4 = Cornelsen |first4 = Laura |last5 = Greener |first5 = Robert |last6 = Adams |first6 = Jean |last7 = Boyland |first7 = Emma J. |last8 = Burgoine |first8 = Thomas |last9 = de Vocht |first9 = Frank |last10 = Egan |first10 = Matt |last11 = Er |first11 = Vanessa |last12 = Lake |first12 = Amelia A. |last13 = Lock |first13 = Karen |last14 = Mytton |first14 = Oliver |last15 = Petticrew |first15 = Mark |date = 17 February 2022 |editor-last = Popkin |editor-first = Barry M. |title = Changes in household food and drink purchases following restrictions on the advertisement of high fat, salt, and sugar products across the Transport for London network: A controlled interrupted time series analysis |journal = PLOS Medicine |language = en-gb |volume = 19 |issue = 2 |pages = e1003915 |doi = 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003915 |issn = 1549-1676 |pmc = 8853584 |pmid = 35176022 |doi-access = free }}</ref>