Editing Tongva (section)

=== ''Te'aat'' and the ocean ===
[[File:CINMS - Tomol Crossing Sunrise .jpg|thumb|289x289px|''Te'aats'', also referred to as ''tomol''s ([[Chumash people|Chumash]]),  were widely used by the Tongva and were especially important for trade. A ''tomol'' pictured in 2015.]]
{{Main|Tomol}}
The Tongva had a concentrated population along the coast. They fished and hunted in the estuary of the Los Angeles River, and like the [[Chumash people|Chumash]], their neighbors to the north and west along the Pacific coast, the Gabrieleño built seaworthy plank [[canoe]]s, called ''te'aat'', from driftwood. To build them, they used planks of driftwood pine that were sewn together with vegetable fiber cord, edge to edge, and then glued with the tar that was available either from the [[La Brea Tar Pits]], or as [[Bitumen|asphalt]] that had washed up on shore from offshore oil seeps. The finished vessel was caulked with plant fibers and tar, stained with red [[ochre]], and sealed with pine pitch. The ''te'aat'', as noted by the [[Sebastián Vizcaíno]] expedition, could hold up to 20 people<ref>McCawley 1996, pp. 123–125</ref> as well as their gear and trade goods. These canoes allowed the development of trade between the mainland villages and the offshore islands, and were important to the region's economy and social organization,<ref>{{cite book|title=Delineation Drilling Activities in Federal Waters Offshore, Santa Barbara County: Environmental Impact Statement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cyQ3AQAAMAAJ&pg=SA4-PA112|year=2001|pages=4-112–4-114|access-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221063801/https://books.google.com/books?id=cyQ3AQAAMAAJ&pg=SA4-PA112|archive-date=December 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kennett2005">{{cite book|first=Douglas J.|last=Kennett|title=The Island Chumash: Behavioral Ecology of a Maritime Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uKYlDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA79|date=4 April 2005|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24302-6|page=79|access-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226231946/https://books.google.com/books?id=uKYlDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA79|archive-date=December 26, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> with trade in food and manufactured goods being carried on between the people on the mainland coast and people in the interior as well. The Gabrieleño regularly paddled their canoes to Catalina Island, where they gathered [[abalone]],<ref name="SekulaTchen2004">{{cite journal |author1=Allan Sekula |author2=Jack (John Kuo Wei) Tchen |title=Interview with Allan Sekula: Los Angeles, California, October 26, 2002 |journal=International Labor and Working-Class History |date=2004 |issue=66 |page=162 |issn=0147-5479|jstor=27672963 }}</ref> which they pried off the rocks with implements made of fragments of whale ribs or other strong bones.<ref name="Walker1937">{{cite book|first=Edwin Francis|last=Walker|title=Indians of Southern California|url=https://archive.org/details/indiansofsouther00walk/page/8|year=1937|publisher=Southwest Museum|pages=6–9}}</ref>