Editing Tbilisi (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Fortress and Old Town of Tbilisi at dusk, Tbilisi, Georgia.jpg|thumb|Tbilisi, especially Old Town, has a complex terrain, with hills and cliffs.]]
[[File:Botanic Garden, Tbilisi.jpg|thumb|The [[National Botanical Garden of Georgia]] in Tbilisi is concealed from view as it resides among the hills of the Sololaki Range.]]

===Location===
Tbilisi is located in the [[Transcaucasia|South Caucasus]] at 41° 43' North and 44° 47' East. The city lies in [[Eastern Georgia (country)|Eastern Georgia]] on both banks of the [[Kura (Caspian Sea)|Kura River]] (locally known as Mtkvari). The elevation of the city ranges from {{convert|380-770|m|ft|disp=x| [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] (|)}} and has the shape of an amphitheatre surrounded by mountains on three sides. To the north, Tbilisi is bounded by the [[Saguramo Range]], to the east and south-east by the [[Iori Plain]], to the south and west by various endings (subranges) of the [[Trialeti Range]].

The relief of Tbilisi is complex. The part of the city which lies on the left bank of the Kura River extends for more than {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the [[Avchala]] District to River Lochini. The part of the city which lies on the right side of the river, though, is built along the foothills of the [[Trialeti Range]], the slopes of which in many cases descend all the way to the edges of the river. The mountains, therefore, are a significant barrier to urban development on its right bank. This type of a geographic environment creates pockets of very densely developed areas, while other parts of the city are left undeveloped due to the complex topographic relief.

To the north of the city, a large reservoir (commonly known as the Tbilisi Sea) is fed by irrigation canals.

===Climate===
[[File:Tbilisi sea 09.23.jpg|thumb|[[Tbilisi Sea]], the city's largest body of water located in the suburbs.]]
Tbilisi has a [[humid temperate climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''[[humid subtropical climate|Cfa]],'' [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: ''[[Oceanic climate|Do]]'') with considerable [[Humid continental climate|continental]] and [[semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] influences. The city experiences hot, humid summers and moderately cold dry winters. Like other regions of Georgia, Tbilisi receives significant rainfall throughout the year with no distinct dry period. The city's climate is influenced both by dry (Central Asian/Siberian) air masses from the east and [[oceanic climate|oceanic]] (Atlantic/Black Sea) air masses from the west. Because the city is bounded on most sides by mountain ranges, the close proximity to large bodies of water (Black and [[Caspian Sea]]s) and the fact that the Greater [[Caucasus Mountains]] Range (further to the north) blocks the intrusion of cold air masses from Russia, Tbilisi has a relatively mild [[microclimate]] compared to other cities that possess a similar climate along the same latitudes.

The average annual temperature in Tbilisi is {{convert|13.8|°C|°F}}. January is the coldest month with an average temperature of {{convert|2.7|°C|°F}}. July is the hottest month with an average temperature of {{convert|25.4|°C|°F}}. Daytime high temperatures reach or exceed {{convert|32|°C|°F}} on an average of 22 days during a typical year.  The absolute minimum recorded temperature is {{convert|-24.4|°C|°F}} in January 1883 and the absolute maximum is {{convert|42.0|°C|°F}} on 17 July 1882.<ref name=pogoda/> Average annual precipitation is {{convert|511.5|mm|1|abbr=on}}. May is the wettest month (averaging {{convert|84.0|mm|1|abbr=on}} of precipitation) while January is the driest (averaging {{convert|16.4|mm|1|abbr=on}} of precipitation). Snow falls on average 15–25 days per year. The surrounding mountains often trap the clouds within and around the city, mainly during the Spring and Autumn months, resulting in prolonged rainy and/or cloudy weather. Northwesterly winds dominate in most parts of Tbilisi throughout the year. Southeasterly winds are common as well.

{{Weather box |width=auto
|location = Tbilisi (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1881–present)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 19.5
|Feb record high C = 22.4
|Mar record high C = 29.0
|Apr record high C = 34.4
|May record high C = 37.0
|Jun record high C = 38.7
|Jul record high C = 42.0
|Aug record high C = 40.4
|Sep record high C = 37.9
|Oct record high C = 33.3
|Nov record high C = 27.2
|Dec record high C = 22.8
|year record high C = 40.5
|Jan high C = 6.9
|Feb high C = 8.4
|Mar high C = 13.2
|Apr high C = 18.6
|May high C = 23.7
|Jun high C = 28.5
|Jul high C = 31.5
|Aug high C = 31.9
|Sep high C = 26.2
|Oct high C = 20.0
|Nov high C = 12.6
|Dec high C = 8.1
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 2.7
|Feb mean C = 3.8
|Mar mean C = 7.9
|Apr mean C = 12.9
|May mean C = 17.8
|Jun mean C = 22.3
|Jul mean C = 25.3
|Aug mean C = 25.4
|Sep mean C = 20.4
|Oct mean C = 14.7
|Nov mean C = 7.9
|Dec mean C = 3.9
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = -0.6
|Feb low C = 0.2
|Mar low C = 4.0
|Apr low C = 8.4
|May low C = 13.2
|Jun low C = 17.3
|Jul low C = 20.4
|Aug low C = 20.3
|Sep low C = 15.9
|Oct low C = 11.0
|Nov low C = 4.7
|Dec low C = 1.2
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = -24.4
|Feb record low C = −18.8
|Mar record low C = −12.8
|Apr record low C = -5.0
|May record low C = 1.0
|Jun record low C = 2.0
|Jul record low C = 9.3
|Aug record low C = 8.9
|Sep record low C = 3.1
|Oct record low C = -6.4
|Nov record low C = −16.0
|Dec record low C = −20.5
|year record low C = -24.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 16.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 18.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 29.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 63.8
|May precipitation mm = 82.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 84.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 41.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 39.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 34.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 46.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 34.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 20.8
|year precipitation mm = 
| snow colour  = green
| Jan snow cm  = 7.1
| Feb snow cm  = 5.5
| Mar snow cm  = 7.2
| Apr snow cm  = 1.3
| May snow cm  = 0.0
| Jun snow cm  = 0.0
| Jul snow cm  = 0.0
| Aug snow cm  = 0.0
| Sep snow cm  = 0.0
| Oct snow cm  = 0.6
| Nov snow cm  = 1.6
| Dec snow cm  = 2.2
| year snow cm = 
|Jan humidity = 75.3
|Feb humidity = 73
|Mar humidity = 68.6
|Apr humidity = 69
|May humidity = 69.7
|Jun humidity = 65.6
|Jul humidity = 63.1
|Aug humidity = 63.3
|Sep humidity = 69
|Oct humidity = 76.1
|Nov humidity = 78.4
|Dec humidity = 78.2
|year humidity = 
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days  =3.7
| Feb precipitation days  =4.3
| Mar precipitation days  =5.1
| Apr precipitation days  =8.7
| May precipitation days  =10.4
| Jun precipitation days  =8.3
| Jul precipitation days  =5.7
| Aug precipitation days  =4.6
| Sep precipitation days  =4.9
| Oct precipitation days  =6.0
| Nov precipitation days  =5.3
| Dec precipitation days  =4.4
| year precipitation days =
|Jan rain days = 4
|Feb rain days = 4
|Mar rain days = 8
|Apr rain days = 12
|May rain days = 12
|Jun rain days = 10
|Jul rain days = 7
|Aug rain days = 8
|Sep rain days = 9
|Oct rain days = 10
|Nov rain days = 10
|Dec rain days = 6
|year rain days = 100
|Jan snow days = 6
|Feb snow days = 8
|Mar snow days = 3
|Apr snow days = 0.1
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0.1
|Nov snow days = 1
|Dec snow days = 4
|year snow days = 22
|Jan sun = 99
|Feb sun = 102
|Mar sun = 142
|Apr sun = 171
|May sun = 213
|Jun sun = 249
|Jul sun = 256
|Aug sun = 248
|Sep sun = 206
|Oct sun = 164
|Nov sun = 103
|Dec sun = 93
|year sun = 2046
| Jan light = 9.6
| Feb light = 10.6
| Mar light = 12
| Apr light = 13.4
| May light = 14.5
| Jun light = 15.2
| Jul light = 14.9
| Aug light = 13.8
| Sep light = 12.5
| Oct light = 11.1
| Nov light = 9.8
| Dec light = 9.2
| year light= 
|Jan percentsun = 34
|Feb percentsun = 34
|Mar percentsun = 39
|Apr percentsun = 43
|May percentsun = 47
|Jun percentsun = 54
|Jul percentsun = 55
|Aug percentsun = 58
|Sep percentsun = 55
|Oct percentsun = 48
|Nov percentsun = 35
|Dec percentsun = 32
| Jan uv  =3
| Feb uv  =4
| Mar uv  =7
| Apr uv  =8
| May uv  =10
| Jun uv  =11
| Jul uv  =10
| Aug uv  =9
| Sep uv  =8
| Oct uv  =6
| Nov uv  =3
| Dec uv  =2
| year uv =
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name=pogoda>{{cite web
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate4.php?id=37545
| script-title = ru:Погода и Климат
| publisher = Pogodaiklimat.ru
| language = ru
| access-date = 19 October 2016
| archive-date = 22 March 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322113406/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate4.php?id=37545
| url-status = live
}}</ref> NOAA(humidity, precipitation and days with precip<ref name=Clino91>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Georgia/CSV/Tbilisi_37445.csv |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate normals for 1991-2020: Tbilisi |website=ncei.noaa.gov | access-date = 18 March 2024 |publisher=[[NOAA|National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration]] |no-pp=y |type=Excel |format=CSV }}</ref>)(Sunshine hours 1961–1990<ref name=NOAA >{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/GA/37549.TXT
| title = Tbilisi/Novoalexeye Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 19 October 2016}}</ref>)
|source 2 = Weather Atlas(snowfall-daylight),<ref>{{cite web |title=The climate of Tbilisi |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/georgia/tbilisi-climate |website=Weather Atlas |access-date=18 March 2024}}</ref> Nomadseaon(daily maximum UV 2022-2023)<ref name="UV">{{cite web |title=Monthly climate in Tbilisi, Georgia |url=https://nomadseason.com/climate/georgia/t-bilisi/tbilisi.html |website=Nomadseason |access-date=18 March 2024 |quote=Average daily maximum UV levels by month for Tbilisi}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box |width=auto
|location = [[Tbilisi Airport]] (1981–2010)
|metric first = y
|single line = y
|collapsed = y
|Jan record high C = 16.9
|Feb record high C = 20.8
|Mar record high C = 26.3
|Apr record high C = 34.3
|May record high C = 33.1
|Jun record high C = 38.2
|Jul record high C = 39.4
|Aug record high C = 40.2
|Sep record high C = 37.4
|Oct record high C = 32.2
|Nov record high C = 24.7
|Dec record high C = 19.9
|year record high C = 40.2
|Jan high C = 6.6
|Feb high C = 7.6
|Mar high C = 12.3
|Apr high C = 18.6
|May high C = 22.8
|Jun high C = 27.7
|Jul high C = 31.1
|Aug high C = 30.9
|Sep high C = 26.1
|Oct high C = 19.4
|Nov high C = 12.4
|Dec high C = 7.6
|year high C = 18.7
|Jan mean C = 1.3
|Feb mean C = 2.7
|Mar mean C = 6.8
|Apr mean C = 12.6
|May mean C = 17.0
|Jun mean C = 21.5
|Jul mean C = 24.5
|Aug mean C = 23.9
|Sep mean C = 19.5
|Oct mean C = 13.2
|Nov mean C = 7.7
|Dec mean C = 3.3
|year mean C = 12.8
|Jan low C = -1.0
|Feb low C = -0.7
|Mar low C = 2.8
|Apr low C = 8.0
|May low C = 12.4
|Jun low C = 16.6
|Jul low C = 20.0
|Aug low C = 19.7
|Sep low C = 15.7
|Oct low C = 10.4
|Nov low C = 4.6
|Dec low C = 0.4
|year low C = 9.1
|Jan record low C = -24.1
|Feb record low C = -13.1
|Mar record low C = -8.0
|Apr record low C = -2.4
|May record low C = 2.2
|Jun record low C = 8.3
|Jul record low C = 13.0
|Aug record low C = 12.1
|Sep record low C = 5.5
|Oct record low C = -0.7
|Nov record low C = -6.4
|Dec record low C = -10.9
|year record low C = -24.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 20.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 26.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 32.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 56.4
|May precipitation mm = 86.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 72.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 48.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 43.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 42.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 42.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 35.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 25.0
|year precipitation mm = 531.6

|source 1 = [[NCEI]]<ref name="WMO">
{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211009215740/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Georgia/WMO_Normals_Georgia.xls
| archive-date = 9 October 2021 |archive-format=XLS |format=XLS | url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Georgia/WMO_Normals_Georgia.xls
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010 |page = 12 | publisher = National Centers for Environmental Information | access-date = 9 October 2021}}</ref>
}}