Editing Syndicalism (section)

=== International Workers' Association ===
The Bolsheviks suppressed syndicalism in Russia but courted syndicalists abroad as part of their international strategy. In March 1919, the [[1st Congress of the Comintern]] was held in Moscow. The Bolsheviks acknowledged syndicalism's opposition to [[socialist reformism]] and saw them as part of the revolutionary wing of the labor movement. No syndicalists attended the founding convention, mainly because the [[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War]], which included a blockade of Russia by the [[Allied powers of World War I]], made travel to Moscow near impossible.{{Sfnm|1a1=Thorpe|1y=1989|1pp=100–101, 104|2a1=Tosstorf|2y=2009|2p=15}} After long discussions, the CNT opted to join the [[Comintern]], although it classified its adherence as provisional as a concession to detractors of Bolshevism. USI also decided to join; some like Borghi had reservations about the course of events in Russia. In France, the CGT's radical minority that had opposed the war enthusiastically supported Bolshevism. They formed the [[Revolutionary Syndicalist Committees]] and attempted to push the CGT as a whole to support the Comintern.{{Sfn|Thorpe|1989|pp=112–116}} The General Executive Board of the IWW decided join the Comintern, although this decision was never confirmed by a convention.{{Sfn|Thorpe|2017|p=109}} German and Swedish syndicalists were more critical of Bolshevism from the start. Rocker declared already in August 1918 that the Bolshevik regime was "but a new system of tyranny".{{Sfnm|1a1=Thorpe|1y=1989|1pp=116, 122|2a1=Tosstorf|2y=2009|2p=15}}

Syndicalists became more estranged from the Comintern in 1920.{{Sfn|Thorpe|1989|p=125}} The [[2nd World Congress of the Comintern]] in the summer of 1920 was attended by numerous syndicalists. The Italian USI, the Spanish CNT, the British shop stewards, and the revolutionary minority of the CGT had official representatives, while others like [[John Reed (journalist)|John Reed]] of the American IWW, [[Augustin Souchy]] of the German FAUD, and [[Taro Yoshiharo]], a Japanese Wobbly, attended in an unofficial capacity. This was the first major international gathering of syndicalists since the end of the war. Western syndicalists' knowledge of the facts on the ground in Russia was at this point rather limited. They thought of the soviets as organs of workers' control over production and the Bolsheviks depicted them as such. Syndicalists were not aware of the extent to which they were in reality subordinated to the communist party. Instead, the congress revealed the irreconcilable differences between the syndicalist and the Bolshevik approach.{{Sfnm|1a1=Thorpe|1y=1989|1pp=126–129, 132|2a1=Tosstorf|2y=2009|2p=16}} Before the congress, the Comintern's executive committee arranged discussions with syndicalists to challenge the reformist [[International Federation of Trade Unions]] (IFTU). A document proposed by [[Solomon Lozovsky]] derided the apolitical unions as "lackeys of imperialist capitalism" for their betrayal during the war, to which syndicalists replied that of the syndicalist unions this only applied to the CGT. Throughout the preliminary meetings, syndicalists clashed with other delegates on the questions of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the conquest of state power as well as on relations with communists and the Comintern. Eventually all syndicalists agreed to the formation of a council tasked with spreading revolutionizing the trade union movement.{{Sfnm|1a1=Darlington|1y=2008|1pp=189–190|2a1=Thorpe|2y=1989|2pp=132–133|3a1=Tosstorf|3y=2009|3pp=16–18}} Disagreements continued at the congress itself.{{Sfn|Thorpe|1989|p=134}}<!-- The [[International Workers' Association – Asociación Internacional de los Trabajadores]], which was formed in 1922, is an international syndicalist federation of various labour unions from different countries. At its peak, it represented millions of workers and competed directly for the hearts and minds of the working class with social democratic unions and parties.

Thorpe, Lehning, Darlingotn. 
New movements emerged: Poland, Cuba, China.
 Bock 339-340: IWA retarded growth of RILU. -->