Editing Strike action (section)

=== Italy ===
In Italy, the right to strike is guaranteed by the [[Constitution of Italy|Constitution]] ([[s:Constitution of Italy#Article 40|article 40]]). The law number 146 of 1990 and law number 83 of 2000<ref>{{cite web
 | url = https://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/00083l.htm
 | title = Legge 11 Aprile 2000, n. 83
 | publisher = Gazzetta Ufficiale}}</ref> regulate the strike actions. In particular, they impose limitations for the strikes of workers in public essential services, i.e., the ones that "guarantee the [[personality rights]] of life, health, freedom and security, movements, assistance and welfare, education, and communications". These limitations provide a minimum guarantee for these services and punish violations. Similar limitations are applied to workers in the private sector whose strike can affect public services. The employer is explicitly forbidden to apply sanctions to employees participating to the strikes, with the exception of the aforementioned essential services cases.

The [[Government of Italy|government]], under exceptional circumstances, can impose the ''precettazione'' of the strike, i.e., can force the postponement, cancellation or duration reduction of a national-wide strike. The [[Prime Minister of Italy|prime minister]] has to justify the decision of applying the ''precettazione'' in front of the [[Italian Parliament|parliament]]. For local strikes, ''precettazione'' can also be applied by a decision of the [[prefect]]. The employees refusing to work after the ''precettazione'' takes effect may be subject of a sanction or even a penal action (for a maximum of 4 years of prison) if the illegal strike causes the suspension of an essential service.

''Precettazione'' has been rarely applied, usually after several days of strikes affecting transport or fuel services or extraordinary events. Recent cases include the cancellation of the 2015 strike of the [[Azienda Trasporti Milanesi|company providing transportation services in Milan]] during [[Expo 2015]], and the 2007 ''precettazione'' to stop the strike of the [[truck driver]]s that was causing food and fuel shortage after several days of strike.