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Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States)
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===Petroleum exchanges and loans=== ''Note: Loans are made on a case-by-case basis to alleviate supply disruptions. Once conditions return to normal, the loan is returned to the SPR with additional oil as interest.'' * April–May 1996: {{convert|900000|oilbbl|m3}} lent to [[ARCO]] to alleviate [[Pipeline transport|pipeline]] blockage. * August 1998: {{convert|11|Moilbbl|m3}} lent to [[PEMEX]] in return for {{convert|8.5|Moilbbl|m3}} of higher-quality crude. * June 2000: {{convert|1|Moilbbl|m3}} lent to [[Citgo]] and [[Conoco]] in response to shipping channel blockage. * October 2002: {{convert|296000|oilbbl|m3}} lent to Shell Pipeline Company in advance of [[Hurricane Lili]]. * September–October 2004: {{convert|5.4|Moilbbl|m3}} lent to Astra Oil, [[ConocoPhillips]], Placid Refining, [[Shell Oil Company]], and [[Premcor]] after [[Hurricane Ivan]]. * September–October 2005: {{convert|9.8|Moilbbl|m3}} lent to [[ExxonMobil]], Placid Refining, [[Valero Energy Corporation|Valero]], [[BP]], [[Marathon Oil]], and [[TotalEnergies]] after [[Hurricane Katrina]]. Purchases of crude oil would then resume in January 2009 using revenues available from the 2005 [[Hurricane Katrina]] emergency sale. The DOE purchased {{convert|10.7|Moilbbl|m3}} at a cost of $553 million.<ref>{{cite web |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130408222706/http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs/reserves/spr/index.html |url = http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs/reserves/spr/index.html |title = Strategic Petroleum Reserve – Profile |date = February 27, 2013 |archive-date = April 8, 2013 }}</ref> * January–February 2006: {{convert|767000|oilbbl}} lent to Total Petrochemicals USA due to closure of the [[Sabine–Neches Waterway]] to deep-draft vessels after a barge accident in the channel.<ref name=spr-facts>{{cite web |url = http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/reserves/spr/spr-facts.html |title = Quick Facts about the Strategic Petroleum Reserve |publisher = United States Department of Energy |access-date = February 25, 2012 }}</ref> * June 2006: {{convert|750000|oilbbl|m3}} of [[Sour crude oil|sour crude]] lent to [[ConocoPhillips]] and [[Citgo]] due to the closure for several days of the [[Calcasieu Ship Channel]] caused by the release of a mixture of storm water and oil. Repaid in early October 2006. * September 2008: {{convert|630000|oilbbl|m3}} lent to Citgo, Placid Refining, and [[Marathon Oil]] due to disruptions from [[Hurricane Gustav]].<ref>{{cite news |url = https://money.cnn.com/2008/09/12/markets/oil/index.htm |title = Oil ends up after dip below $100 |publisher = CNN |date = September 12, 2008 }}</ref> * August 2017: 200,000 barrels of sweet crude and 300,000 barrels of sour crude were lent to [[Phillips 66]] due to disruptions from [[Hurricane Harvey]].<ref>{{Cite news |url = http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/08/31/us-taps-strategic-oil-reserves/ |title = US taps strategic oil reserves |date = August 31, 2017 |work = The Mercury News |access-date = August 31, 2017 }}</ref>
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