Editing St Ives, Cornwall (section)

==Culture==
===Art===
{{main|St Ives School}}
[[J. M. W. Turner]] arrived in St Ives in 1811.<ref name="cornishrivieraholidays">{{cite web |title=A brief history of St Ives |url=https://www.cornishrivieraholidays.co.uk/about-st-ives/history-st-ives |website=Cormish Riviera Holidays |access-date=22 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> In 1884, [[James Whistler]] and [[Walter Sickert]] visited on the improved railway.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-st-ives/exhibition/dawn-colony/dawn-colony-studio |title=Dawn of a Colony: The Studio &#124; Tate |access-date=17 February 2022 |archive-date=17 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217221841/https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-st-ives/exhibition/dawn-colony/dawn-colony-studio |url-status=dead }}</ref>  [[Bernard Leach]] and [[Shōji Hamada]] set up the [[Leach Pottery]] in 1920. Leach, who was a [[studio potter]] and art teacher<ref>Cortazzi, Hugh. [http://www.japansociety.org.uk/reviews/05leach.html "Review of Emmanuel Cooper's ''Bernard Leach Life & Work.''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502023614/http://www.japansociety.org.uk/reviews/05leach.html |date=2 May 2008 }} Japan Society (UK).</ref> and is known as the "Father of British studio pottery",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collection.britishcouncil.org/html/artist/artist.aspx?id=18557|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080912153818/http://collection.britishcouncil.org/html/artist/artist.aspx?id=18557|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 September 2008|title=British Council|website=Webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk|access-date=3 March 2011}}</ref> learned pottery under the direction of Shigekichi Urano (Kenzan VI) in [[Japan]] where he also met Shōji Hamada. They promoted pottery from the point of view of Western and Eastern arts and philosophies. Leach produced work until 1972, and the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] held an exhibition of his work in 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.studiopottery.com/cgi-bin/mp.cgi?item=3 |title=Bernard Leach |website=Studiopottery.com |access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref> The Leach Pottery remains operational and houses a small museum showcasing work by Leach and his students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leachpottery.com/|title=The Leach Pottery|website=Leachpottery.com|access-date=11 June 2022}}</ref>

In 1928, the [[Cornish people|Cornish]] artist [[Alfred Wallis]] and [[Ben Nicholson]] and [[Christopher Wood (English painter)|Christopher Wood]] met at St Ives and laid the foundation for the [[St Ives School]] artists' colony there. In 1939, Ben Nicholson, [[Barbara Hepworth]] and [[Naum Gabo]] settled in St Ives, attracted by its beauty. In 1993, a branch of the [[Tate Gallery]], the Tate St Ives, opened.<ref name="tate" /> The Tate has owned the [[Barbara Hepworth Museum]] and her [[sculpture garden]] since 1980,<ref name="tate">{{cite web |title=History of Tate St Ives |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/about-us/history-tate/history-tate-st-ives |website=[[Tate St Ives]] |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref> as well as her [[Palais de Danse, St Ives|Palais de Danse studio]] since 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tate St Ives acquires Barbara Hepworth's Palais de Danse workshop |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cornwall-33220498 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=29 March 2023 |date=22 June 2015}}</ref> The town attracted artists from overseas such as [[Maurice Sumray]] who moved from [[London]] in 1968,<ref>{{cite news | last = Davies | first = Peter | title = Obituary: Maurice Sumray – Offbeat St Ives painter| work = [[The Independent]] | date = 23 July 2004 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/maurice-sumray-550144.html | access-date = 30 August 2009 | location=London}}</ref>  and [[Piet Mondrian]], and continues to do so today with younger artists such as Michael Polat, who took up residence there from his native Germany in 1999.

Before the 1940s, most artists in St Ives and West Cornwall belonged to the St Ives Society of Artists, but events in the late 1940s led to a dispute between the [[Abstract art|abstract]] and [[Figurative art|figurative]] artists in the group.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}} In 1948, the abstract faction broke away to form the [[Penwith Society of Artists]] led by Barbara Hepworth and Ben Nicholson.

In 1962 [[Frederick Spratt]] took a sabbatical in Britain for one year, where he lived and painted representationally in St Ives.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

The studio pottery [[Troika Pottery|Troika]] was set up in 1963.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

In 2010, a [[BBC Four]] film, ''The Art of Cornwall'', presented by [[James Fox (art historian)|James Fox]] said that the St Ives artists "went on to produce some of the most exhilarating art of the twentieth century...for a few dazzling years this place was as famous as Paris, as exciting as New York and infinitely more progressive than London."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00wbn80 |title=The Art of Cornwall | work=[[BBC Four]] | publisher=[[BBC]] | location=UK |date=20 July 2015 |access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref> The programme explored the lives and works of the key figures and their contributions in establishing St Ives as a major centre of British art from the 1920s onwards.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.artcornwall.org/The_Art_of_Cornwall_BBC4.htm | title=The Art of Cornwall | website=Artcornwall.org | access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref>

===Museums===
The Barbara Hepworth Museum and her sculpture garden are the responsibility of Tate St Ives.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tate St Ives acquires Barbara Hepworth's Palais de Danse workshop |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cornwall-33220498 | work=[[BBC News]] | publisher=[[BBC]] | location=UK |access-date=22 June 2019 |date=22 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="bhm">{{cite web |title=Barbara Hepworth Museum and Sculpture Garden |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/visit/tate-st-ives/barbara-hepworth-museum-and-sculpture-garden |website=Tate St Ives |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref> It was the wish of the late sculptor to leave her work on public display in perpetuity.<ref name="bhm" /> The St Ives Museum has exhibits illustrating local history and culture, including mining, fishing, agriculture and domestic life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museumsincornwall.org.uk/museums/st-ives-museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220132937/http://www.museumsincornwall.org.uk/museums/st-ives-museum|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 February 2007|title=Museums In Cornwall: St Ives Museum|date=20 February 2007}}</ref>

===Festivals===
[[File:Knill's Monument - geograph.org.uk - 107848.jpg|Knill's Monument, near St Ives, commemorating the mayor, John Knill|thumb]]
[[John Knill]], a former mayor, constructed the Knill Steeple, a granite monument overlooking the town. In 1797, Knill laid down instructions for the celebration of the Knill Ceremony, which was to take place every five years on 25 July (St James's Day). The ceremony involves the Mayor of St Ives, a customs officer, and a vicar accompanied by two widows and ten girls who should be the "daughters of fishermen, tinners, or seamen". The ceremonies used to have athletic games, called the "Knillian games", which included [[Cornish wrestling]].<ref name="KM24111838">Kendal Mercury, 24 November 1838.</ref><ref name="CT28061871">The Cornish Telegraph, 28 June 1871.</ref><ref name="GilbertSurvey">''An historical survey of the county of Cornwall'', CS Gilbert, 1817, p103.</ref>

A second celebration, of perhaps greater antiquity, is St Ives Feast, a celebration of the founding of St Ives by St Ia, which takes place on the Sunday and Monday nearest to 3 February each year. It includes a civic procession to Venton Ia, the well of St Ia, and other associated activities. It is one of the two surviving examples of [[Cornish Hurling]] (in a gentler format than its other manifestation at [[St Columb Major]]).

A third festival is the St Ives May Day, a modern revival of [[West Cornwall May Day celebrations]] that were once common throughout west Cornwall.

The St Ives September Festival celebrated its 30th anniversary in September 2008. It is one of the longest running and widest ranging Festivals of the Arts in the UK lasting for fifteen days and includes music (folk, jazz, rock, classical & world), poetry, film, talks and books. It was founded in 1978 as a joint venture by local entrepreneurs and the International Musicians Seminar. Many local artists open up their studios to allow visitors to see how their art is produced. There is free music in many pubs almost every night, and concerts.<ref>{{cite web | title = St Ives September Festival | publisher = St Ives September Festival Committee | url = http://www.stivesseptemberfestival.co.uk | access-date = 30 August 2009}}</ref> Many events are held at the Western Hotel or St Ives Guildhall.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stivestic.co.uk |title=Tourist board for St Ives, West Cornwall, UK – VisitStIves.org.uk |website=Stivestic.co.uk |access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref> St Ives has a 500-seat theatre which hosts some of the festival events.<ref>{{cite web | title = Kidz R Us St Ives Theatre | publisher = Kidz R Us | url = http://www.kidzrus.net | access-date = 30 August 2009}}</ref>

===Literature and popular culture===
[[File:2009 cornwall.st ives90.jpg|thumb|St Ives harbour and the sea beyond]]
Early-20th-century figures in St Ives appear in [[Virginia Woolf]]'s reflections contained in "[[A Sketch of the Past]]", from ''[[Moments of Being]],'' "... I could fill pages remembering one thing after another. All together made the summer at St. Ives the best beginning to life imaginable.<ref>"A Sketch of the Past," from ''Moments of Being''. New York: Harcourt, 1985, pp. 128 ff.</ref> Her 1927 novel ''[[To the Lighthouse]]'' is said to have been influenced by the view from Talland House where she stayed with her parents on family holidays.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/virginia-woolf-fans-fight-to-save-view-that-inspired-to-the-lighthouse-a6725621.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/virginia-woolf-fans-fight-to-save-view-that-inspired-to-the-lighthouse-a6725621.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Virginia Woolf are fighting to save the view that inspired 'To The Lighthouse'|date=7 November 2015|work=The Independent|access-date=26 March 2018|language=en-GB}}</ref>

This St Ives is generally believed to be the one referred to in the famous [[nursery rhyme]] ''"[[As I was going to St Ives]]"''.

The Cornish language poet [[Mick Paynter]] is resident in St Ives.

Modern-day novelist [[Elizabeth Day]], author of ''The Party,'' writes many of her novels whilst staying in St Andrews Street in St Ives.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pindropstudio.com/interview-elizabeth-day-on-her-new-novel-the-party/|title=Interview: Elizabeth Day on her new novel, The Party|website=Pin Drop|language=en|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref>

The ''[[Ulysses Moore]]'' series of books, written by [[Pierdomenico Baccalario]] are based in the hypothetical village of [[Ulysses Moore#Kilmore Cove|Kilmore Cove]] near [[Zennor]] and St Ives.

[[Helen Dunmore]]'s novel ''[[Zennor in Darkness]]'' is set locally, at the time of the First World War, when [[D. H. Lawrence]] and his German wife came to Cornwall to escape the war in London.

[[Lauren St John]]'s ''Dead Man's Cove'' is situated in St. Ives. The first in a series of books about an eleven-year-old girl called Laura Marlin, who becomes a detective.

The St Ives Literature Festival is an annual week-long event, started in 2008, in May. Open air performances are held in Norway Square and the St Ives Arts Club, as well as talks, workshops and live music.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/cornwall/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8636000/8636873.stm | title=St Ives Literature Festival | date=22 April 2010|work=[[BBC News]] Arts & Culture | publisher=[[BBC]] | location=UK |access-date=26 March 2018|language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Film and TV===
In 1978/1979 the town, the pub The Sloop Inn and Barnoon Cemetery were filmed and appeared in Jerry Jameson's film ''[[Raise the Titanic (film)|Raise the Titanic]]'' released in 1980.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fast-rewind.com/locations_raisetitanic.htm|title=Raise the Titanic Movie Filming Locations – The 80s Movies Rewind|website=Fast-rewind.com|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref> The final scenes with [[Alec Guinness]] were meant to have occurred in a local church but a unusually strong storm a few days earlier had damaged the building rendering it unsuitable for filming.

In 1989, a public television crew from Alaska shot scenes for a docudrama about American artist Sydney Mortimer Laurence (1865-1940), who was a member of the St. Ives Arts Club in the late 19th century. Several St. Ives residents, in period costumes, appeared as extras in the production. "Laurence of Alaska," which won two regional Emmy Awards, was produced by KAKM, Alaska Public Television, and later aired on public stations across the U.S.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woodward |first1=Kesler |title=Sydney Laurence: Painter of the North |date=1990 |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=0-295-96953-9}}</ref>

The [[Discovery Travel and Living]] programme ''Beach Café'', featuring Australian chef Michael Smith, was filmed in St Ives.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2006/apr/08/travelfoodanddrink.foodanddrink.unitedkingdom|title=Beach on a plate|last=McOwan|first=Gavin|date=8 April 2006|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=30 August 2009|location=London}}</ref>

===Local media===
Regional TV news is provided by [[BBC South West]] and [[ITV West Country]]. Television signals are received from either the [[Redruth transmitting station|Redruth]] or [[Caradon Hill transmitting station|Caradon Hill]] TV transmitters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Redruth | title=Redruth (Cornwall, England) Full Freeview transmitter | date=May 2004 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Caradon_Hill | title=Caradon Hill (Cornwall, England) Full Freeview transmitter | date=May 2004 }}</ref>

Local radio stations are [[BBC Radio Cornwall]] on 103.9 FM, [[Heart West]] on 107.0 FM, and [[Coast FM (West Cornwall)|Coast FM]], a community radio station that broadcast to the town on 96.5 FM.

The [[St. Ives Times & Echo]] is the town’s local weekly newspaper.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-sw/st-ives-times-echo/ | title=St Ives Times & Echo and the Hayle Times &#124; British Newspapers Online | date=6 March 2014 }}</ref>