Editing Sonoma County, California (section)

==Transportation==

===Major highways===
[[File:US 101 (1961 cutout).svg|25px|link= |alt=]] [[U.S. Route 101 in California|U.S. Route 101]]

U.S. Route 101 is the westernmost [[United States Numbered Highways|Federal highway]] in the U.S.A. Running north/south through the states of California, [[Oregon]], and Washington, it generally parallels the coastline from Downtown Los Angeles to the [[Canada–United States border|Canada–US border]]. Highway 101 links seven of the county's nine incorporated cities: Cloverdale, Healdsburg, Windsor, Santa Rosa, Rohnert Park, Cotati, and Petaluma. It is a freeway for its entire length within the county.

The four-lane sections of the highway have been heavily congested during peak commute hours for many years and work is being done to widen part of the highway to six lanes. The segment from north of Petaluma (at Old Redwood Highway/Petaluma Boulevard North exit) to Windsor has been fully widened, as has the segment from the Petaluma River bridge to the Marin County border. The two new inner lanes are designated for [[High-occupancy vehicle|vehicles with two or more occupants]] during commute hours. Work is being done around Petaluma to finish the widening within Sonoma County; the widening also involves upgrading the highway to [[Interstate Highway standards|full freeway standards]].

[[File:California 1.svg|20px|link= |alt=]] [[California State Route 1|State Route 1]]

Within Sonoma County, Highway 1 follows the coastline from the Mendocino County border, at the mouth of the Gualala River, to the Marin County border, at the Estero Americano ([[Americano Creek]]), southeast of Bodega Bay.

[[File:California 12.svg|20px|link= |alt=]] [[California State Route 12|State Route 12]]
[[File:CA SR-12 Sonoma.jpg|thumb|right|[[California State Route 12|State Route 12]] in Sonoma (Broadway)]]

Highway 12 runs eastward from its intersection with Highway 116 in Sebastopol to Santa Rosa. There it turns south through the Valley of the Moon to Sonoma, then east into Napa County. The four-lane freeway section within Santa Rosa, between Fulton Road and Farmers Lane, is called the Luther Burbank Memorial Highway. That section, especially where it crosses Highway 101, is severely congested during peak commute hours.

The two-lane Bodega Highway runs west from the intersection of Highways 12 and 116 in Sebastopol, through the coastal hills to its intersection with Highway 1, east of Bodega Bay. East of Santa Rosa, Highway 12 is also called Sonoma Highway; and east of the City of Sonoma, Carneros Highway.

[[File:California 37.svg|20px|link= |alt=]] [[California State Route 37|State Route 37]]

Highway 37 connects Highway 101 at Novato, in Marin County, with Interstate 80 in Vallejo, in Solano County, at the top of San Pablo Bay. Within Sonoma County, it is also called Sears Point Road.

[[File:California 116.svg|25px|link= |alt=]] [[California State Route 116|State Route 116]]

Highway 116 is a winding, two-lane rural route that runs from Jenner, at the mouth of the Russian River on the coast, southeast to Arnold Drive near Sonoma. It is also called "Pocket Canyon" between Guerneville and Forestville; Gravenstein Highway North, between Forestville and Sebastopol; and Gravenstein Highway South, between Sebastopol and Stony Point Road, west of Rohnert Park. East of Petaluma it is called Lakeville Highway, then Stage Gulch Road.

[[File:California 121.svg|25px|link= |alt=]] [[California State Route 121|State Route 121]]

Highway 121 is a two-lane rural route running from Highway 37 near Sears Point Raceway to Highway 128 in [[Lake Berryessa]], in Napa County.

[[File:California 128.svg|25px|link= |alt=]] [[California State Route 128|State Route 128]]

The northernmost section of Highway 128 is a two-lane, rural route running southeast from Highway 101 at Geyserville, north of Healdsburg, through the Alexander Valley and into Napa County.

===Public transportation===
*[[Sonoma County Transit]] is the countywide transit operator, providing service to all cities in Sonoma County.
*CityBus operates within the city limits of Santa Rosa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ci.santa-rosa.ca.us/departments/transit/citybus/pages/default.aspx|title=CityBus|publisher=City of Santa Rosa|access-date=February 4, 2015}}</ref>
*The cities of Cloverdale and Petaluma also provide their own local bus service.
*[[Golden Gate Transit]] connects Santa Rosa and points south with Marin County and San Francisco.
*[[Mendocino Transit Authority]] runs north from Santa Rosa to Ukiah (via US 101) and to the coast (via California Routes 12 and 1).
*[[Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit]] (SMART) is a [[commuter rail]] line eventually planned to go between [[Larkspur, California|Larkspur]] in Marin County and Cloverdale in Sonoma County. {{as of|December 2020}} the line operates between Larkspur and the Sonoma County Airport.

===Airports===
The [[Charles M. Schulz - Sonoma County Airport]] is at 2290 Airport Boulevard, west of Highway 101, between Santa Rosa and Windsor. Its main runway is {{convert|5,115|ft|m}} long and {{convert|150|ft|m}} wide, and can accommodate planes up to {{convert|95,000|lb|kg}} maximum gross takeoff weight. It offers fuel, major maintenance, [[hangar]] space, and tie-downs for local and transient [[aircraft]]. [[Alaska Airlines]], [[American Airlines]], and [[United Airlines]] offer regular daily commercial flights.

There are five [[general aviation]] airports within the county: 
*[[Cloverdale Municipal Airport]]
*[[Healdsburg Municipal Airport]]
*[[Petaluma Municipal Airport]]
*[[Sonoma Skypark]]
*[[Sonoma Valley Airport]]

===Railroads===
[[File:Railroads of Sonoma County California.png|thumb|right|Historical railroads of Sonoma County]]
[[File:PostcardMesaGrandeCARailroadStationCirca1910.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Mesa Grande train station, c. 1910]]

In 1864, the Petaluma and Haystack Railroad connected the city of Petaluma to a [[ferries of San Francisco Bay|ferry]] landing at the head of navigation on the Petaluma River.

In 1870, the [[San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad]] (SF&NP) connected the City of Santa Rosa to ferry connections at Donahue landing on the Petaluma River. Rail service was extended north to Healdsburg in 1871 and Cloverdale in 1872. In 1884 the railroad was extended south to an alternate ferry connection in [[Tiburon, California|Tiburon]]. This rail line serves as the primary route of Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sonomamarintrain.org/about-smart |title=About SMART |website=sonomamarintrain.org |date=September 26, 2016 |access-date=December 31, 2017 }}</ref>

The [[narrow-gauge railway|3-foot-gauge]] [[North Pacific Coast Railroad]] extended northward in 1876 from a ferry connection at Sausalito through Valley Ford, Freestone, and Occidental to Monte Rio on the lower Russian River. Service was extended to Duncans Mills in 1877 and Cazadero in 1885. The [[standard gauge]] Fulton and Guerneville Railroad left the SF&NP at Fulton to reach [[Korbel Champagne Cellars|Korbel]] in 1876 and Guerneville in 1877. Standard-gauge rails were extended down-river to [[Duncans Mills, California|Duncan Mills]] in 1909 after the [[Northwestern Pacific Railroad]] merger, and narrow-gauge service was discontinued in 1930. The standard-gauge route became River Road after tracks were removed in 1935.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Codoni |first1=Fred |last2=Trimble |first2=Paul Castelhun |title =Northwestern Pacific Railroad |publisher =Arcadia Publishing |date =2006 |page =65 |isbn =0738531219}}</ref>

The unique Sonoma Valley Prismoidal Railway linked the city of Sonoma to bay ferries in 1876 and was replaced in 1879 by the {{convert|3|ft|m|adj=on}}-gauge Sonoma Valley Railroad to a ferry landing near the mouth of the Petaluma River. Service was extended from Sonoma to [[Glen Ellen, California|Glen Ellen]] in 1882. The southern end of the line was extended westward in 1888 to a connection with the SF&NP at [[Ignacio, California|Ignacio]]. This line was converted to standard-gauge in 1890 and remains (in 2018) as Sonoma County's connection to the national rail system at [[Schellville, California|Schellville]].

[[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific]] subsidiary [[Santa Rosa and Carquinez Railroad]] extended eastward in 1888 to link Santa Rosa with the national rail system. The portion between Sonoma and Santa Rosa was dismantled in the 1940s after interchange shifted to the former Sonoma Valley line.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://localwiki.org/sonoma-valley/Railroads |title=Sonoma Valley Railroads |website=Sonoma Valley |publisher=LocalWiki |access-date=April 1, 2018 }}</ref>

A SF&NP branch line from Santa Rosa brought rail service to Sebastopol in 1890. The [[Petaluma and Santa Rosa Railroad]] extended [[interurban]] service north from a ferry connection in Petaluma to reach Sebastopol in 1904, Santa Rosa in 1905, and Forestville in 1906. Portions of this line were converted to the [[Joe Rodota Trail]] after tracks were removed in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sonoma-county.org/parks/pk_westc.htm|title=West County and Joe Rodota Trails|website=Sonoma-county.org|access-date=April 1, 2018}}</ref>

The [[Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit]] [[commuter rail]] line inaugurated passenger service on August 25, 2017,<ref name=KPIXstart>{{cite web|url=http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/08/17/smart-train-service-between-marin-sonoma-county-to-start-aug-25/|title=Smart Train Service Between Marin, Sonoma County To Start Aug. 25|work=KPIX 5 CBS San Francisco|date=August 17, 2017|publisher=CBS Broadcasting, Inc.|access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref> utilizing the Northwestern Pacific Railroad [[Right-of-way (property access)|right-of-way]] from [[Sonoma County Airport station]] to [[Larkspur Landing]] in Marin. The system is planned to extend to [[Cloverdale Depot]].