Editing Silicon Valley (section)

==Economy==
A world-renowned technology hub, [[San Francisco Bay Area]] has the largest concentration of [[high-tech]] companies in the United States, at 387,000 high-tech jobs, of which Silicon Valley accounts for 225,300 high-tech jobs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silicon Valley |url=https://techsposv.com/silicon-valley/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lessons of Silicon Valley: A World-Renowned Technology Hub {{!}} Perspectives on Innovation {{!}} CSIS |url=https://www.csis.org/blogs/perspectives-innovation/lessons-silicon-valley-world-renowned-technology-hub |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.csis.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Jack |title=Which Cities Are Seeing The Most Growth In Tech Headcount? |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackkelly/2024/04/15/which-cities-are-seeing-the-most-growth-in-tech-headcount/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Silicon Valley has the highest concentration of high-tech workers of any metropolitan area, with 285.9 out of every 1,000 private-sector workers. Silicon Valley has the highest average high-tech salary in the United States at $144,800.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aeanet.org/publications/idjj_cc2008_overview.asp |title=Cybercities 2008: An Overview of the High-Technology Industry in the Nation's Top 60 Cities |work=aeanet.org |access-date=April 19, 2015}}</ref> Largely a result of the high technology sector, the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area has the most millionaires and the most billionaires in the United States per capita, although the venture capital ecosystem has grown more geographically decentralized over time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/2007/11/30/greediest-cities-billionaires-forbeslife-cx_ee_1203greed.html |work=Forbes |title=America's Greediest Cities |date=December 3, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729210441/https://www.forbes.com/2007/11/30/greediest-cities-billionaires-forbeslife-cx_ee_1203greed.html |archive-date=July 29, 2017 }}</ref>

The region is the biggest high-tech manufacturing center in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2321510,00.asp |work=PC Magazine |first=Chloe |last=Albanesius |title=AeA Study Reveals Where the Tech Jobs Are |date=June 24, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112160420/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2321510,00.asp |archive-date=January 12, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/story.aspx?guid=%7BDB88FD73%2D1B6F%2D4CDB%2D8CC4%2D2B311773289F%7D |title=Silicon Valley and N.Y. still top tech rankings |first=Benjamin |last=Pimentel |work=MarketWatch |access-date=April 19, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210234032/http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/story.aspx?guid=%7BDB88FD73%2D1B6F%2D4CDB%2D8CC4%2D2B311773289F%7D |archive-date=December 10, 2008}}</ref> The [[unemployment rate]] of the region was 9.4% in January 2009 and has decreased to a record low of 2.7% as of August 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/file/lfmonth/sjos$pds.pdf |title=SAN JOSE-SUNNYVALE-SANTA CLARA METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924183743/https://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/file/lfmonth/sjos$pds.pdf |archive-date=September 24, 2019}}</ref> But in April 2020, when unemployment was at its peak, it stood at 13.7% and has since fallen to 5.7% in July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=gbcprime |url=https://dts.gbcprime.com/marketTrend/view.do?dc=20240614014240538&resultId=RESULT_0000096145 |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=dts.gbcprime.com |language=ko}}</ref> Silicon Valley received 41% of all U.S. venture investment in 2011, and 46% in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fenwick.com/publications/pages/venture-capital-survey-silicon-valley-fourth-quarter-2011.aspx |title=Venture Capital Survey Silicon Valley Fourth Quarter 2011 |publisher=Fenwick.com |access-date=July 8, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514181712/http://www.fenwick.com/publications/pages/venture-capital-survey-silicon-valley-fourth-quarter-2011.aspx |archive-date=May 14, 2013}}</ref> During the period from 2019 to 2021, Silicon Valley's share of U.S. venture capital investment dropped to 35.9%, but had surged back to 41% as of the first quarter of 2023.<ref name="Florida">{{cite news |last1=Florida |first1=Richard |title=Where US Tech Investment Is Growing the Most |access-date=December 10, 2023 |work=Bloomberg |date=December 7, 2023|url-access=subscription|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-07/san-francisco-bay-area-nyc-boston-dominate-vc-investment-in-us}}</ref>

More traditional industries also recognize the potential of high-tech development, and several car manufacturers have opened offices in Silicon Valley to capitalize on its [[entrepreneurial ecosystem]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/porsche-lands-silicon-valley-develop-sportscars-future-1620500 |title=Porsche lands in Silicon Valley to develop sportscars of the future |date=May 8, 2017 |publisher=IBI |access-date=May 8, 2017 |quote=Carmakers who have recently expanded to Silicon Valley include Volkswagen, Hyundai, General Motors, Ford, Honda, Toyota, BMW, Nissan and Mercedes-Benz. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513015633/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/porsche-lands-silicon-valley-develop-sportscars-future-1620500 |archive-date=May 13, 2017 }}</ref> Manufacture of [[transistor]]s was for a long time the core industry in Silicon Valley. The workforce was for the most part composed of Asian and Latino immigrants who were paid low wages and worked in hazardous conditions due to the chemicals used in the manufacture of [[integrated circuit]]s. Technical, engineering, design, and administrative staffs were in large part well compensated.<ref name=SVWCD154-56>{{cite book |first1=Glenda |last1=Matthews |title=Silicon Valley, Women, and the California Dream: Gender, Class, and Opportunity in the Twentieth Century |date=November 20, 2002 |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Stanford, California |isbn=978-0-8047-4796-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/siliconvalleywom00matt/page/154 154–56] |edition=1 |url=https://archive.org/details/siliconvalleywom00matt/page/154 |access-date=January 16, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027052927/https://archive.org/details/siliconvalleywom00matt/page/154 |archive-date=October 27, 2019}}</ref><ref name=BLSSemiconductor>{{cite web |title=Occupational Employment Statistics Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing |url=http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/naics4_334400.htm |website=bls.gov |publisher=Bureau of Labor Statistics |access-date=April 25, 2015 |date=May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505074211/http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/naics4_334400.htm |archive-date=May 5, 2015}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" class="center" heights="80px">
File:Google Campus, Mountain View, CA.jpg|[[Googleplex]] in [[Mountain View, California|Mountain View]]
File:Facebook Campus, Menlo Park, CA.jpg|[[Meta Platforms]] in [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]]
File:2788-2888 San Tomas Expwy.jpg|[[Nvidia]] in [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]]
File:Intel HQ.jpg|[[Intel]] in Santa Clara
File:2485 Augustine Drive headquarters in Santa Clara, California.jpg|[[AMD]] in Santa Clara 
File:101 Albright Way.jpg|[[Netflix]] in [[Los Gatos, California|Los Gatos]]
</gallery>

===Housing===
Silicon Valley has a [[California housing shortage|severe housing shortage]], caused by the market imbalance between jobs created and housing units built: from 2010 to 2015, many more jobs have been created than housing units built. (400,000 jobs, 60,000 housing units)<ref name="WSJ6716">{{cite news |first1=Eliot |last1=Brown |title=Neighbors Clash in Silicon Valley Job growth far outstrips housing, creating an imbalance; San Jose chafes at Santa Clara |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/neighbors-clash-in-silicon-valley-1465291802 |access-date=June 7, 2016 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=June 7, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607105345/http://www.wsj.com/articles/neighbors-clash-in-silicon-valley-1465291802 |archive-date=June 7, 2016}}</ref> This shortage has driven [[Affordable housing in Silicon Valley|home prices extremely high, far out of the range]] of production workers.<ref name=SVWCD233>{{cite book |first1=Glenda |last1=Matthews |title=Silicon Valley, Women, and the California Dream: Gender, Class, and Opportunity in the Twentieth Century |date=November 20, 2002 |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Stanford, California |isbn=978-0-8047-4796-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/siliconvalleywom00matt/page/233 233] |edition=1 |url=https://archive.org/details/siliconvalleywom00matt/page/233 |access-date=January 16, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027052929/https://archive.org/details/siliconvalleywom00matt/page/233 |archive-date=October 27, 2019}}</ref> As of 2016 a two-bedroom apartment rented for about $2,500 while the median home price was about $1&nbsp;million.<ref name="WSJ6716"/> The ''[[Financial Post]]'' called Silicon Valley the most expensive U.S. housing region.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://business.financialpost.com/personal-finance/mortgages-real-estate/zero-down-on-a-2-million-house-is-no-problem-in-silicon-valleys-scary-market |title=Zero down on a $2 million house is no problem in Silicon Valley's 'weird and scary' real estate market &#124; Financial Post |newspaper=Financial Post |access-date=October 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525002457/http://business.financialpost.com/personal-finance/mortgages-real-estate/zero-down-on-a-2-million-house-is-no-problem-in-silicon-valleys-scary-market |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |date=July 29, 2016}}</ref> [[Homelessness]] is a problem with housing beyond the reach of middle-income residents; there is little [[homeless shelter|shelter space]] other than in San Jose which, as of 2015, was making an effort to develop shelters by renovating old hotels.<ref name=NR121415>{{cite magazine |first1=Monica |last1=Potts |title=Dispossessed in the Land of Dreams: Those left behind by Silicon Valley's technology boom struggle to stay in the place they call home. |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/124476/dispossessed-land-dreams |access-date=December 14, 2015 |magazine=The New Republic |date=December 13, 2015 |quote=A 2013 census showed Santa Clara County having more than 7,000 homeless people, the fifth-highest homeless population per capita in the country and among the highest populations sleeping outside or in unsuitable shelters like vehicles. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214045614/https://newrepublic.com/article/124476/dispossessed-land-dreams |archive-date=December 14, 2015}}</ref>

''[[The Economist]]'' also attributes the high cost of living to the success of the industries in this region. Although, this rift between high and low salaries is driving many residents out who can no longer afford to live there. In the [[San Francisco Bay Area|Bay Area]], the number of residents planning to leave within the next several years has had an increase of 35% since 2016, from 34% to 46%.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/briefing/2018/09/01/silicon-valley-is-changing-and-its-lead-over-other-tech-hubs-narrowing |title=Silicon Valley is changing, and its lead over other tech hubs narrowing |newspaper=The Economist |access-date=September 5, 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2018/08/30/why-startups-are-leaving-silicon-valley |title=Why startups are leaving Silicon Valley |newspaper=The Economist |access-date=September 7, 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

===Wealth===

The wealth inequality in Silicon Valley is more pronounced than in any other region of the United States. A 2023 report found that the aggregate household wealth of Silicon Valley (including [[High-net-worth individual|ultra-high net worth individuals]]) was nearly $1.1 trillion, and less than 1% of the Valley's population held 36% of the wealth.<ref name="Lazo">{{cite news |last1=Lazo |first1=Alejandro |title=Silicon Valley's vast wealth disparity deepens as poverty increased |url=https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2023/02/silicon-valley-inequality/ |access-date=December 3, 2023 |work=CalMatters |date=February 17, 2023}}</ref> Conversely, as of 2021, 23% of Silicon Valley residents were [[Poverty in the United States|living below the poverty line]].<ref name="Lazo" /> However, the meaning of the term "poverty" is dependent upon context; in Silicon Valley, it means something different because of the region's severe housing shortage and high housing prices. As of 2023, the low-income [[poverty threshold]] set by the [[California Department of Housing and Community Development]] for single-person households in the counties of San Francisco, San Mateo, and Marin was $104,400, followed by $96,000 for the county of Santa Clara.<ref name="Echeverria">{{cite news |last1=Echeverria |first1=Danielle |title=$104K a year is 'low-income' for single people in 3 Bay Area counties, according to state data |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/low-income-median-levels-18164328.php |access-date=December 3, 2023 |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=June 23, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Kirkeby">{{cite web |last1=Kirkeby |first1=Megan |title=2023 State Income Limits |url=https://www.hcd.ca.gov/sites/default/files/docs/grants-and-funding/income-limits-2023.pdf |website=California Department of Housing and Community Development |publisher=State of California |access-date=December 3, 2023 |date=June 6, 2023}}</ref> In contrast, the 2023 national low-income poverty threshold set by the [[U.S. Census Bureau]] for a single-person household was $14,891.<ref name="Olya">{{cite news |last1=Olya |first1=Gabrielle |title=This Income Is Considered Poverty Level in 2023 |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/income-considered-poverty-level-2023-130051437.html |access-date=December 3, 2023 |work=Yahoo! Finance |date=December 2, 2023}}</ref>

===Notable companies===
[[File:Adobe World Headquarters.jpg|thumb|[[Adobe World Headquarters]] in [[Downtown Historic District (San Jose, California)|Downtown San Jose]]|alt=]]
[[File:EBay headquarters 2018.jpg|thumb|right|[[eBay]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]]]]
[[File:PayPal_San_Jose_Headquarters.jpg|thumb|right|[[PayPal]] in San Jose]]
[[File:Cisco Systems Headquarters (Building 10), Cisco San Jose Main Campus.jpg|thumb|right|[[Cisco Systems|Cisco]] in the [[Rincon de los Esteros, San Jose|Golden Triangle]]]]
[[File:Seagate Headquarters Fremont.jpg|thumb|right|[[Seagate Technology]] in [[Fremont, California|Fremont]]]]
[[File:Western Digital Headquarters.jpg|thumb|right|[[Western Digital]] in San Jose]]
{{See also|Category:Companies based in Silicon Valley}}
<!-- DO NOT ADD your pet company to this list if it is NOT notable. The only companies that belong here are ones which are recognized by a great majority of people and/or have a great influence on the marketplace. Your consulting firm that employs two people doesn't meet the criteria. If you want to add a company here, discuss it on the Talk page FIRST. Any additions that are added without discussing first will be reverted WITHOUT DISCUSSION.-->

Thousands of [[high-tech|high technology]] companies are headquartered in Silicon Valley. Among those, the following are in the [[Fortune 1000]]:

{{Columns-list|
*[[Adobe Inc.]]
*[[AMD]] 
*[[Agilent Technologies]]
*[[Alphabet Inc.]], includes Google 
*[[Apple Inc.]]
*[[Applied Materials]]
*[[Block, Inc.]]
*[[Broadcom Inc.]]
*[[Cadence Design Systems]]
*[[Cisco Systems]]
*[[eBay]]
*[[Electronic Arts]]
*[[HP Inc.]]
*[[Intel]]
*[[Intuit]]
*[[Intuitive Surgical]]
*[[Juniper Networks]]
*[[KLA Corporation]]
*[[Lam Research]]
*[[Meta Platforms]], includes Facebook
*[[NetApp]]
*[[Netflix, Inc.]]
*[[Nvidia]]
*[[PayPal]]
*[[Salesforce]]
*[[Sanmina Corporation]]
*[[Seagate Technology]]
*[[ServiceNow]]
*[[TD Synnex]]
*[[Synopsys]]
*[[Western Digital]]
}}

Additional notable companies headquartered in Silicon Valley (some of which are defunct, subsumed, or relocated) include:

{{Columns-list|
*[[23andMe]]
*[[3Com]] (acquired by [[Hewlett-Packard]])
*[[8x8]]
*[[Actel]] (acquired by [[Microsemi]])
*[[Actuate Corporation]]
*[[Adaptec]] (acquired by [[PMC-Sierra]])
*[[Aeria Games and Entertainment]]
*[[Altera]] (acquired by [[Intel]])
*[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]'s [[A9.com]]
*Amazon's [[Lab126]].com
*[[Amdahl Corporation|Amdahl]] (acquired by [[Fujitsu]])
*[[Atari, Inc.|Atari]] 
*[[Atmel]] (acquired by [[Microchip Technology]])
*[[Brocade Communications Systems]] (acquired by [[Broadcom Inc.|Broadcom]])
*[[Be Inc.]] (acquired by [[Palm Inc.]])
*[[BEA Systems]] (acquired by [[Oracle Corporation]])
*[[Cypress Semiconductor]] (acquired by  [[Infineon Technologies]])
*[[Extreme Networks]]
*[[Fairchild Semiconductor]] (acquired by [[onsemi]])
*[[Flextronics|Flex]] (formally Flextronics)
*[[Foundry Networks]] (acquired by [[Brocade Communications Systems]])
*[[Geeknet]] ([[Slashdot]])
*[[GlobalFoundries]] (moved to [[Malta, New York]])
*[[GoPro]]
*[[Harmonic, Inc.]]
*[[Hitachi Data Systems]]
*[[Hitachi Global Storage Technologies]] (acquired by Western Digital)
*[[Hewlett Packard Enterprise]] (moved to [[Spring, Texas]])
*[[IDEO]]
*[[Informatica]]
*[[LinkedIn]] (acquired by [[Microsoft]])
*[[Lockheed Martin Space]] (now headquartered in [[Denver, Colorado]])
*[[LSI Corporation|LSI]] (acquired by [[Broadcom]])
*[[Maxtor]] (acquired by [[Seagate Technology|Seagate]])
*[[McAfee]] (acquired by [[Intel]])
*[[Memorex]] (acquired by [[Burroughs Corporation|Burroughs]])
*[[Mozilla Foundation]]
*[[Move (company)|Move, Inc.]]
*[[National Semiconductor]] (acquired by [[Texas Instruments]])
*[[Nook]] (subsidiary of [[Barnes & Noble]])
*[[Oracle Corporation]] (moved to [[Austin, Texas]])
*[[Palo Alto Networks]]
*[[Palm, Inc.]] (acquired by [[TCL Corporation]])
*[[PARC (company)|PARC]]
*[[Proofpoint, Inc.|Proofpoint]]
*[[Quantcast]]
*[[Quora]]
*[[Rambus]]
*[[Roku, Inc.]]
*[[RSA Security]] (acquired by [[EMC Corporation|EMC]])
*[[SanDisk]] (acquired by [[Western Digital]])
*[[SolarCity]] (acquired by [[Tesla, Inc.]])
*[[Sony Mobile Communications]] (U.S. subsidiary headquarters)
*[[Sony Interactive Entertainment]]
*[[SRI International]]
*[[Sun Microsystems]] (acquired by [[Oracle Corporation]])
*[[SunPower]]
*[[SurveyMonkey]]
*[[Gen Digital|Symantec]] (now part of Gen Digital and headquartered in [[Tempe, Arizona]])
*[[Syntex]] (acquired by [[Hoffmann-La Roche|Roche]])
*[[Tesla, Inc.]] (now headquartered in [[Austin, Texas]])
*[[TIBCO Software]]
*[[TiVo]] (acquired by [[Xperi]])
*[[Uber]]
*[[Verifone]] (moved to [[Coral Springs, Florida]])
*[[VeriSign]] (moved to [[Reston, Virginia]])
*[[Veritas Technologies]] (split off from [[NortonLifeLock|Symantec]])
*[[VMware]] (acquired by [[Dell Technologies]])
*[[Walmart Labs]]
*[[WebEx]] (acquired by [[Cisco Systems]])
*[[YouTube]] (acquired by [[Google]])
*[[Yelp|Yelp, Inc.]]
*[[Zoom Video Communications|Zoom]]
*[[Zynga]]
*[[Xilinx]] (acquired by [[AMD]])
}}