Editing Self-esteem (section)

=== Narcissism and threatened egotism ===
[[Narcissism]] is a disposition people may have that represents an excessive love for one's self. It is characterized by an inflated view of self-worth. Individuals who score high on narcissism measures, Robert Raskin's Narcissistic Personality Inventory, would likely respond "true" to such prompt statements as "If I ruled the world, it would be a much better place."<ref>Barbara Krahe, ''The Social Psychology of Aggression'' (Psychology Press, 2013), 75. {{ISBN?}}</ref> There is only a moderate correlation between narcissism and self-esteem;<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sedikieds |first1=C. |last2=Rudich |first2=E. A. |last3=Gregg |first3=A. P. |last4=Kumashiro |first4=M. |last5=Rusbult |first5=C. |year=2004 |title=Are normal narcissists psychologically healthy? Self-esteem matters |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=87 |issue=3 |pages=400–416 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.87.3.400 |pmid=15382988 |s2cid=12903591 |url=https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/155e777a-4d9d-4417-8cf2-f6e6403e2ee7 }}</ref> that is to say that an individual can have high self-esteem but low narcissism or can be a conceited, obnoxious person and score high self-esteem and high narcissism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afterpsychotherapy.com/narcissism-vs-authentic-self-esteem/|title=Narcissism vs. Authentic Self-Esteem|date=17 January 2011|website=afterpsychotherapy.com|access-date=22 October 2017}}</ref> However, when correlation analysis is restricted to the sense of superiority or self-admiration aspects of narcissism, correlations between narcissism and self-esteem become strong.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> Moreover, self-esteem is positively correlated with a sense of superiority even when controlling for overall narcissism.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Narcissism is not only defined by inflated self-esteem, but also by characteristics such as entitlement, exploitativeness, and dominance. Additionally, while positive self-image is a shared characteristic of narcissism and self-esteem, narcissistic self-appraisals are exaggerated, whereas in non-narcissistic self-esteem, positive views of the self compared with others are relatively modest. Thus, while sharing positive self-regard as a main feature, and while narcissism is defined by high self-esteem, the two constructs are not interchangeable.

Threatened [[egotism]] is a phenomenon in which narcissists respond to criticism with hostility and aggression, as it threatens their sense of self-worth.<ref name="BaumeisterSmartBoden1996" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morf |first1=C. C. |last2=Rhodewalk |first2=F. |year=1993 |title=Narcissism and self-evaluation maintenance: Explorations in object relations |journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=668–676 |doi=10.1177/0146167293196001 |s2cid=145525829 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Twenge |first1=J. M. |last2=Campbell |first2=W. K. |year=2003 |title='Isn't it fun to get the respect we're going to deserve?' Narcissism, social rejection, and aggression |journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=261–272 |doi=10.1177/0146167202239051 |pmid=15272953 |s2cid=29837581 }}</ref>