Editing Secession (section)

===Brazil===
In 1825, soon after the [[Empire of Brazil]] managed to defeat the [[Portuguese Cortes|Cortes-Gerais]] and the [[Portuguese Empire]] in an [[Brazilian War of Independence|Independence War]], the Platinean nationalists in [[Cisplatina]] declared independence and joined the [[United Provinces of the Río de la Plata|United Provinces]], which led to a [[Cisplatine War|stagnated war]] between both, as they were both weakened, lacking manpower and politically fragile. The peace treaty accepted [[Uruguay]]'s independence, reasserted the rule of both nations over their land and some important points like free navigation in the Silver River.

Three rather disorganized secessionist rebellions happened in [[Grão-Pará Province|Grão-Pará]], Bahia, and Maranhão, where the people were unhappy with the Empire (these provinces were Portuguese bastions in the Independence War). The [[Malê Revolt]], in Bahia, was an Islamic slave revolt. These three rebellions were bloodily crushed by the Empire of Brazil.

The [[History of Pernambuco|Pernambuco]] was one of the most [[Nativism (politics)|nativist]] of all Brazilian regions. Over a series of five revolts (1645–1654, 1710, 1817, 1824, 1848), the province [[Pernambucan Revolt|ousted the Dutch West India Company]] and tried to secede from the Portuguese and Brazilian Empires. In each attempt, the rebels were crushed, the leaders shot and their territory divided. Nevertheless, they kept revolting until Pernambuco's territory was a little fraction of what it was before.

In the [[Ragamuffin War]], the [[Rio Grande do Sul#History|Province of Rio Grande do Sul]] was undergoing a (at that time common) [[Liberalism in Brazil|liberal]] vs [[Conservatism in Brazil|conservative]] "cold" war. After Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil]] favoured the conservatives, the liberals took the Capital and declared an [[Riograndense Republic|independent Republic]], fighting their way to the [[Santa Catarina (state)#History|Province of Santa Catarina]] and declaring the [[Juliana Republic]]. Eventually they were slowly forced back, and made a reunification peace with the Empire. This was not considered a secessionist war, even if it could have resulted in an independent republic if the Empire had been defeated. After the Empire agreed to aid Santa Catarina's economy by taxing [[Argentina]]'s products (like dry meat), the rebels reunited with the Empire and joined its military ranks.

In modern times, the [[South Region, Brazil|South Region of Brazil]] has been the centre of a secessionist movement led by an organization called [[The South is My Country]] since the 1990s. Reasons cited for Southern Brazil's secession movement are taxation, due to it being one of the wealthiest regions in the country; political disputes with the northernmost states of Brazil; [[2015–16 protests in Brazil|2016 scandal]] revolving around the [[Workers Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]]'s involvement in a [[Kickback (bribery)|kickback scheme]] with state-owned oil company [[Petrobras]];<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spagnuolo |first=Sergio |date=September 15, 2016 |title=Brazil's Lula charged as 'top boss' of Petrobras graft scheme |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN11K2FJ/ |access-date=February 14, 2024 |website=Reuters}}</ref> and the impeachment of then-[[President of Brazil|President]] [[Dilma Rousseff]]. Additionally, there is an ethnic divide as the South Region is predominately [[White Brazilian|European]], populated primarily by [[German Brazilians|Germans]], [[Italian Brazilians|Italians]], [[Portuguese Brazilians|Portuguese]] and other European groups. In contrast, the rest of Brazil is a [[Racial democracy|multicultural]] [[melting pot]]. The South Region in 2016 voted in an unofficial referendum called "Plebisul" in which 95% of voters supported secession and the creation of an independent South Region.

There is also a push for secession movement in the state of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], which seeks to become a country independent from the rest of Brazil.