Editing Scientific journal (section)

==Copyright==
Traditionally, the author of an article was required to transfer the [[copyright]] to the journal publisher. Publishers claimed this was necessary in order to protect authors' rights, and to coordinate permissions for reprints or other use. However, many authors, especially those active in the [[Open access (publishing)|open access]] movement, found this unsatisfactory,<ref name=Di_Cosmo>{{Cite journal
 |issn        = 1684-5285
 |volume      = 7
 |issue       = 3
 |pages       = 41–8
 |last        = Di Cosmo
 |first       = Roberto
 |author-link  = Roberto Di Cosmo
 |title       = The Role of Public Administrations in The ICT Era
 |journal     = UPGRADE: The European Journal for the Informatics Professional
 |date        = June 2006
 |url         = http://www.cepis.org/upgrade/files/full-III-06.pdf
 |url-status     = live
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110717185237/http://www.cepis.org/upgrade/files/full-III-06.pdf
 |archive-date = 2011-07-17
}}</ref> and have used their influence to effect a gradual move towards a license to publish instead. Under such a system, the publisher has permission to edit, print, and distribute the article commercially, but the authors retain the other rights themselves.

Even if they retain the copyright to an article, most journals allow certain rights to their authors. These rights usually include the ability to reuse parts of the paper in the author's future work, and allow the author to distribute a limited number of copies. In the print format, such copies are called reprints; in the electronic format, they are called [[postprints]]. Some publishers, for example the [[American Physical Society]], also grant the author the right to post and update the article on the author's or employer's website and on free e-print servers, to grant permission to others to use or reuse figures, and even to reprint the article as long as no fee is charged.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://forms.aps.org/author/copyfaq.html |title=APS Copyright Policies and Frequently Asked Questions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061009083902/http://forms.aps.org/author/copyfaq.html |archive-date=2006-10-09 }}</ref> The rise of open access journals, in which the author retains the copyright but must pay a publication charge, such as the [[Public Library of Science]] family of journals, is another recent response to copyright concerns.<ref>[https://io9.gizmodo.com/5796054/is-it-time-to-end-copyright-for-scientific-journals Is it time to end copyright for scientific journals?] Gizmodo, 2011</ref>