Editing Sandefjord (section)

== Geography ==
[[File:Brua til Natholmen.jpg|thumb|The bridge to [[Natholmen]], one of 116 islands in Sandefjord.<ref name="MJ96" />{{rp|38–39}}<ref name="RD" />{{rp|3}}]]
[[File:Stauper_-_panoramio_(2).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Stauper]] Islands]]
Sandefjord is a coastal municipality on the western shore of the [[Oslo Fjord]]. It can be described as a suburb of [[Oslo]], situated {{convert|110|km}} southwest of the capital.<ref name="HKB" />{{rp|4}} Sandefjord is the largest municipality in [[Vestfold]] county. Its coastline has various beaches and sheltered coves, and several forests are scattered across the municipality.<ref name="visitnorway.com" /> The two [[headland|peninsulas]] called [[Østerøya]] ("East Island") and [[Vesterøya]] ("West Island") contribute to a total coastline of {{convert|146|km}}, and form the [[Sandefjordsfjorden]] and [[Mefjorden]]. The coastline offers a wide variety of sandy beaches, [[skerry|skerries]], and [[islet]]s, along with [[bay]]s and sloping rocks. Forested areas are often laced with paths and lighted for trails for summer hikes and winter skiing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Skagerak International School: Life in Sandefjord |url=http://www.skagerak.org/page.cfm?p=355 |access-date=2017-12-28 |website=Skagerak.org}}</ref> Of Sandefjord's total area, {{convert|37.7|km²}} (31%) is agricultural and {{convert|36.2|km²}} (26%) is forest. About 2 percent is made up of lakes and rivers.<ref name="RD" />{{rp|100}} Sandefjord is located east of [[Larvik Municipality]], west of [[Færder Municipality]], and southwest of [[Tønsberg Municipality]].

The coastal municipality includes about 124 islands.<ref name="snl">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Sandefjord |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=[[Kunnskapsforlaget]] |url=https://snl.no/Sandefjord |date=2023-11-15 |editor-last=Lundbo |editor-first=Sten |language=no |accessdate=2023-12-04}}</ref> Small island bays give shelter for overnight campers, and many islets have relatively accessible beaches.<ref name="MJ96" />{{rp|38–39}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Video Sandefjord City |url=http://www.gonorway.com/norway/articles/3673 |access-date=28 December 2017 |website=Gonorway.com}}</ref> Sandefjord is home to several peninsulas, including the {{convert|12|km2|adj=on}} [[Vesterøya]], the {{convert|8|km2|adj=on}} [[Østerøya]], the {{convert|1|km2|adj=on}} [[Engø]], Marøy, and Årø. The island of [[Langøya, Sandefjord|Langøya]] (Langø) is the largest island at {{convert|0.55|km2|acre}}, while other islands include the {{convert|0.4|km2|acre|adj=on}} Ravnø, the {{convert|0.25|km2|acre|adj=on}} Skogøy/Storøya, the {{convert|0.2|km2|acre|adj=on}} [[Natholmen]], the {{convert|0.13|km2|acre|adj=on}} Storholmen, the {{convert|0.1|km2|acre|adj=on}} Ormestadholmen, the {{convert|0.08|km2|acre|adj=on}} Grindholmen, and the {{convert|12|acre|km2|adj=on}} [[Granholmen, Sandefjord|Granholmen]]. Despite its location in between Flautangen and Lindholmen (both part of [[Færder Municipality]]) in the [[Tønsbergfjorden]], the archipelago of [[Stauper]] belongs to Sandefjord. It consists of ten large islands and a number of smaller skerries and islets.<ref name="HKB2000" />{{rp|143}}

There were two natural lakes in Sandefjord prior to the 2017 merger: [[Goksjø]], which is the third-largest in [[Vestfold]] County, and the smaller {{convert|2000|m2|adj=on}} lake Napperødtjern.<ref name="MJ96" />{{rp|29}} Napperødtjern lies a few hundred meters north of Goksjø and is a [[nature preserve]] surrounded by swamp forests and wetland.<ref name="SG" />{{rp|234}} Artificial ponds include [[Bugårdsparken|Bugårdsdammen]], [[Brydedammen]], Virikdammen, Kroksjø, Veradammen, Svarttjern, and others. Local wildlife such as moose, deer, and avifauna can often be observed near freshwater lakes and rivers.<ref name="RD" />{{rp|103–105}}

Sandefjord has four fjords: [[Sandefjordsfjord]], [[Lahellefjord]], [[Mefjord]], and [[Tønsbergfjord]], which it shares with neighboring [[Tønsberg]] and [[Færder]] municipalities.<ref name="MJ96" />{{rp|45}}

The highest point in the municipality is [[Brånafjell]] at {{convert|398.9|m}}, which lies northwest of the village of [[Høyjord]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-15 |title=Høyeste fjelltopp i hver kommune – Kartverket |url=http://www.kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Hoyeste-fjelltopp-i-kommunen/Tabell/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015125316/http://www.kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Hoyeste-fjelltopp-i-kommunen/Tabell/ |archive-date=2014-10-15 |access-date=2017-12-28}}</ref> [[Hjertås]] at {{convert|148|m}} above sea level is the highest point within the [[Sandefjord (town)|city of Sandefjord]]. From the peak are surrounding views of the [[Oslofjord]], [[Vealøs]] by [[Skien]], [[Skrim]] and [[Torp Airport|Torp]].<ref name="EL2">{{Cite book |last=Larsen |first=Erlend |url=https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2014071107097 |title=På Tur i Vestfold |publisher=E-forlag |year=2011 |isbn=9788293057222 |volume=2 |language=no}}</ref>{{rp|202–204}}<ref name="Schandy" />{{rp|171}}

=== Climate ===
[[File:Bytunet2.JPG|thumb|left|''Bytunet'' in Byparken (City Park), spring 2008.]]
[[File:Sandefjord.jpg|thumb|Sandefjord during winter.]]
[[File:Sandefjord Tangen north.JPG|thumb|Tangen Beach during summer.]]
[[Climate of Norway|The climate of the entirety of Norway]] is extremely affected by the [[Gulf Stream]]. Were it not for the warming effects of the Gulf Stream, coastal cities along the [[Oslo Fjord]] would be up to {{convert|4|C}} colder.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nikel |first=David |title=Moon Oslo |publisher=Moon Travel Guides |year=2017 |isbn=978-1631216619 |page=95}}</ref> This means that the climate, the summers especially, are warmer than in other regions at the same latitude, i.e. the [[State of Alaska]] or [[Siberia]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Berezin |first=Henrik |title=Norway Travel Adventures |publisher=Hunter Publishing, Inc. |year=2011 |isbn=9781588437068}}</ref> Sandefjord has a higher latitude than [[Juneau, Alaska]]; Sandefjord is at 59°08′N, while the capital of Alaska is at 58°18′N. Sandefjord experiences more sun than any other Norwegian municipality during the summer months.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Westeng |first=Kjersti |date=2017-07-22 |title=Her er det mest sol på sommeren i Norge |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/innenriks/her-er-det-mest-sol-pa-sommeren-i-norge/3423357069.html |access-date=2017-12-28 |website=[[Nettavisen]] |language=no}}</ref>

Warm breezes from the [[Skagerrak]] cause a mild climate, and Sandefjord experiences the highest annual number of cloud-free days in Norway.<ref name="HKB" />{{rp|4}} The climate is relatively mild for its latitude. Fields become green in early May, but the air remains slightly cold. The summer seldom begins before the end of May, when temperatures often rapidly increase. The whole month of June and most of July experience little darkness during night and [[songbirds]] are silent for only 2–3 hours at most.<ref name="JTE18">{{Cite book |last=Ebbesen |first=Jorgen Tandberg |title=The Sulphureous Bath at Sandefjord in Norway |publisher=Sagwan Press |year=2018 |isbn=9781297731068}}</ref>{{rp|6}} July is the warmest month of the year in Sandefjord when temperatures often rise above {{convert|20|C}}.

Sandefjord has a relatively humid [[continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Dfb]]) with warm summers, no dry season, and relatively much precipitation year long. During the colder season, which is from the end of November until early March, there is a 56 percent average chance that precipitation will be observed during a given day. The likelihood of snow falling is highest in late January and the season in which it is likely to snowfall spans from early November until early April. The coldest day of the year in Sandefjord is 4 February, with an average low temperature of {{convert|-6|C}} and average high of only {{convert|-1|C}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Average Weather For Sandefjord, Norway |url=http://weatherspark.com/averages/28895/Sandefjord-Vestfold-Norway |access-date=2015-05-15 |website=WeatherSpark}}</ref>

{{Weather box    <!-- Infobox begins -->
| width        = auto
| open         = yes
| metric first = yes
| single line  = yes
| location     = Sandefjord

| Jan avg record high C  = 6
| Feb avg record high C  = 6
| Mar avg record high C  = 11
| Apr avg record high C  = 18
| May avg record high C  = 24
| Jun avg record high C  = 26
| Jul avg record high C  = 28
| Aug avg record high C  = 26
| Sep avg record high C  = 22
| Oct avg record high C  = 16
| Nov avg record high C  = 10
| Dec avg record high C  = 7

| Jan high C  = 1
| Feb high C  = 1
| Mar high C  = 4
| Apr high C  = 10
| May high C  = 16
| Jun high C  = 20
| Jul high C  = 22
| Aug high C  = 21
| Sep high C  = 16
| Oct high C  = 11
| Nov high C  = 5
| Dec high C  = 1

| Jan mean C  = -0.6
| Feb mean C  = -0.7
| Mar mean C  = 1.6
| Apr mean C  = 6.2
| May mean C  = 11
| Jun mean C  = 14.7
| Jul mean C  = 17.3
| Aug mean C  = 16.5
| Sep mean C  = 13.4
| Oct mean C  = 8.4
| Nov mean C  = 4.4
| Dec mean C  = 0.9

| Jan low C  = -4
| Feb low C  = -5
| Mar low C  = -2
| Apr low C  = 2
| May low C  = 7
| Jun low C  = 11
| Jul low C  = 13
| Aug low C  = 13
| Sep low C  = 9
| Oct low C  = 5
| Nov low C  = 1
| Dec low C  = -3

| Jan avg record low C  = -14
| Feb avg record low C  = -14
| Mar avg record low C  = -10
| Apr avg record low C  = -4
| May avg record low C  = 1
| Jun avg record low C  = 5
| Jul avg record low C  = 9
| Aug avg record low C  = 8
| Sep avg record low C  = 2
| Oct avg record low C  = -2
| Nov avg record low C  = -6
| Dec avg record low C  = -11

| Jan precipitation mm  = 75
| Feb precipitation mm  = 53
| Mar precipitation mm  = 52
| Apr precipitation mm  = 52
| May precipitation mm  = 52
| Jun precipitation mm  = 57
| Jul precipitation mm  = 60
| Aug precipitation mm  = 76
| Sep precipitation mm  = 64
| Oct precipitation mm  = 93
| Nov precipitation mm  = 83
| Dec precipitation mm  = 68

| precip days colour      = green
| Jan precipitation days  = 13
| Feb precipitation days  = 10.8
| Mar precipitation days  = 10.4
| Apr precipitation days  = 10
| May precipitation days  = 10.5
| Jun precipitation days  = 10.1
| Jul precipitation days  = 10.4
| Aug precipitation days  = 12.2
| Sep precipitation days  = 9.9
| Oct precipitation days  = 12.9
| Nov precipitation days  = 13.8
| Dec precipitation days  = 12.9

| Jan snow days  = 6.6
| Feb snow days  = 5.7
| Mar snow days  = 4.5
| Apr snow days  = 1.2
| May snow days  = 0
| Jun snow days  = 0
| Jul snow days  = 0
| Aug snow days  = 0
| Sep snow days  = 0
| Oct snow days  = 0.1
| Nov snow days  = 2.2
| Dec snow days  = 5.3

| humidity colour = green
| Jan humidity    = 82
| Feb humidity    = 79
| Mar humidity    = 76
| Apr humidity    = 73
| May humidity    = 69
| Jun humidity    = 69
| Jul humidity    = 74
| Aug humidity    = 76
| Sep humidity    = 76
| Oct humidity    = 81
| Nov humidity    = 83
| Dec humidity    = 82

| Jand sun  = 3.3
| Febd sun  = 4.5
| Mard sun  = 7.0
| Aprd sun  = 9.0
| Mayd sun  = 11.3
| Jund sun  = 12.9
| Juld sun  = 12.2
| Augd sun  = 10.2
| Sepd sun  = 7.5
| Octd sun  = 4.9
| Novd sun  = 3.3
| Decd sun  = 3.0

| source = [[Meteoblue]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Sandefjord |url=https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/sandefjord_norway_3140390 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521150206/https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/sandefjord_norway_3140390 |archive-date=2021-05-21 |access-date=2021-05-21 |publisher=[[Meteoblue]]}}</ref>
| source 2 = climate-data.org<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sandefjord Climate (Norway) |url=https://en.climate-data.org/europe/norway/vestfold/sandefjord-9925/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521150059/https://en.climate-data.org/europe/norway/vestfold/sandefjord-9925/ |archive-date=2021-05-21 |access-date=2021-05-21 |publisher=climate-data.org}}</ref>
}}

=== Villages ===
[[File:Høyjord stavkirke, MIS.jpg|thumb|[[Høyjord Stave Church]] is the only [[stave church]] left in [[Vestfold]] County.<ref name="snl" />]]
Sandefjord Municipality includes several larger urban areas in addition to the [[Sandefjord (town)|city of Sandefjord]] (population: 45,816):<ref name="snl" />
* [[Stokke (village)|Stokke]] (2022 pop. 4,221)
* [[Andebu (village)|Andebu]] (pop. 2,532)
* [[Melsomvik]] (pop. 2,067)
* [[Kodal]] (pop. 1,059)
* [[Fossnes]] (pop. 650)
* [[Høyjord]] (pop. 381)

A small part of Sandefjord, [[Himberg (Sandefjord)|the Himberg farm]], is an [[exclave]] inside the borders of the neighboring [[Larvik Municipality]].<ref name="RD" />{{rp|139}}<ref name="EL3" />{{rp|13}} All efforts at annexing Himberg into surrounding Larvik have been met with massive protests from local residents. A 1995 annexation attempt was ultimately canceled due to large protests from Himberg residents. Himberg is a rural agricultural community consisting of no more than ten households.<ref name="MJ96" />{{rp|114–117}} There are only four similar exclaves in Norway, and [[Himberg (Sandefjord)|Himberg]] is the most populous exclave in the nation, with a population of around 40. It is {{convert|1.4|sqkm}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-11 |title=Her er Sandefjords ytterste nøgne ø ... |url=https://www.sb.no/nyheter/her-er-sandefjords-ytterste-nogne-o-1.8615149?ns_campaign=article&ns_mchannel=recommend_button&ns_source=facebook&ns_linkname=facebook&ns_fee=0 |website=[[Sandefjords Blad]]}}</ref>