Editing Sabra and Shatila massacre (section)

===Kahan Commission (Israel)===
Israel's own [[Kahan commission]] found that only "indirect" responsibility befitted Israel's involvement. For British journalist David Hirst, Israel crafted the concept of indirect responsibility so as to make its involvement and responsibility seem smaller. He said of the commission's verdict that it was only by means of errors and omissions in the analysis of the massacre that the commission was able to reach the conclusion of indirect responsibility.{{sfn|Hirst|2010|p=}}{{page needed|date=July 2024}}

The [[Kahan Commission]] concluded Israeli Defense minister Sharon bore personal responsibility "for ignoring the danger of bloodshed and revenge" and "not taking appropriate measures to prevent bloodshed". Sharon's negligence in protecting the civilian population of Beirut, which had come under Israeli control, amounted to a non-fulfilment of a duty with which the Defense Minister was charged, and it was recommended that Sharon be dismissed as Defense Minister.{{sfn|Kahan|Barak|Efrat|1983|p=49}}{{sfn|Schiff|Ya'ari|1985|pp=[https://archive.org/details/israelslebanonwa0000schi/page/283 283–284]}}

At first, Sharon refused to resign, and Begin refused to fire him. It was only after the death of [[Emil Grunzweig]] after a grenade was tossed by a right-wing Israeli into the dispersing crowd of a [[Peace Now]] protest march, which also injured ten others, that a compromise was reached: Sharon would resign as Defense Minister, but remain in the Cabinet as a [[Minister without Portfolio|minister without portfolio]]. Notwithstanding the dissuading conclusions of the Kahan report, Sharon would later become [[Prime Minister of Israel]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Tolworthy |author-link=Chris Tolworthy |url=http://www.globalissues.org/Geopolitics/MiddleEast/TerrorInUSA/faq/Sabra.asp |title=Sabra and Shatila massacres – why do we ignore them? |work=September 11th and Terrorism FAQ |publisher=Global Issues |date=March 2002 |access-date=25 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226100005/https://www.globalissues.org/article/333/sabra-and-shatila-massacres-why-do-we-ignore-them |archive-date=26 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Llewellyn |first=Tim |author-link=Tim Llewellyn |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/events/israel_at_50/history/78655.stm |title=Israel and the PLO |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=BBC |date=20 April 1998 |access-date=20 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622012255/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/events/israel_at_50/history/78655.stm |archive-date=22 June 2024}}</ref>

The Kahan commission also recommended the dismissal of Director of Military Intelligence [[Yehoshua Saguy]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0DEFDE1638F936A2575BC0A965948260 |title=Around the world; Israeli General Resigns From Army |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 August 1983 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012022535/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/15/world/around-the-world-israeli-general-resigns-from-army.html |archive-date=12 October 2023}}</ref>{{sfn|Kahan|Barak|Efrat|1983|p=49}} and the effective promotion freeze of Division Commander Brig. Gen. [[Amos Yaron]] for at least three years.{{sfn|Kahan|Barak|Efrat|1983|p=49}}

On 25 September 1982, Peace Now, which had been established 4 years previously, organised in Tel Aviv a protest&nbsp;demonstration which brought to the streets some 10% of Israel’s population, an estimated 400,000 participants.<ref name="CIE">[https://israeled.org/israelis-protest-sabra-and-shatila-massacre/?noamp=mobile "Israelis Protest Sabra and Shatila Massacre"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008001858/https://israeled.org/israelis-protest-sabra-and-shatila-massacre/?noamp=mobile |date=8 October 2024 }}, Center for Israel Education, 25 September 1982, accessed 8 September 2024.</ref> They expressed their anger and demanded an investigation into Israel's part and responsibility in the massacre.<ref name="CIE" /> It would remain Israel's largest street protest until the [[2023 Israeli judicial reform protests]]<ref name="twih">{{cite news |author= Tamara Zieve |title= This Week In History: Masses protest Sabra, Shatila |newspaper= The Jerusalem Post |date= 23 September 2012 |url= https://m.jpost.com/features/in-thespotlight/this-week-in-history-masses-protest-sabra-shatila#google_vignette |access-date= 8 September 2024 |archive-date= 6 December 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161206024734/http://m.jpost.com/Features/In-Thespotlight/This-Week-In-History-Masses-protest-Sabra-Shatila#google_vignette |url-status= live }}</ref> and 7 September 2024 rally for the [[Gaza war hostage crisis| liberation of hostages]] in exchange for a cease-fire deal with [[Hamas]].<ref name="500k">{{cite news |last1=Lehmann |first1=Noam |last2=Schejter |first2=Iddo |last3=Kirsch |first3=Elana |date=8 September 2024 |title=Organizers claim largest-ever rally in Tel Aviv as calls for hostage deal intensify. Groups behind demonstrations estimate 500,000 at main protest, 250,000 at other rallies around country |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/organizers-claim-largest-ever-rally-in-tel-aviv-as-calls-for-hostage-deal-intensify/ |access-date=8 September 2024 |newspaper=[[Times of Israel]]}}</ref>

An opinion poll indicated that 51.7% of the Israeli public thought the commission was too harsh, and only 2.17% too lenient.{{sfn|Hirst|2010|p=168}}